HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
COLLECTIONS AND KESEARCHES
MADE BY THE
Michigan Pioneer and Historical
. XXII
LANSING:
ROBERT SMITH & CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS
1894
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1894, by the
MICHIGAN PIONEER AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
1
PREFACE.
The committee of historians take pleasure in presenting to the public
this, the twenty-second volume of Pioneer and Historical Collections,
feeling confident that it will be found equal to any which have
preceded it in the value and interest of the historical matter here
gathered.
Let it be borne in mind that these volumes are not designed as
complete histories of the whole or scarcely - any one portion of the
State. They are simply intended to serve as storehouses of history
from which future historians can select appropriate materials for the
construction of such finished historic edifices as may hereafter be
required.
Our aim then is to "gather up the fragments that nothing be lost,' 7
and preserve them in our published Collections; and by disseminating
them, to place them in the reach of all.
It is not always easy to foresee precisely what character of facts
will hereafter be most wanted and consequently most sought for in our
volumes. Probably all classes of information relating to our State will
have their interest and value and to a far greater extent than we are
apt to imagine. Therefore it is that our present volume will be found
to contain quite a variety of subjects.
This volume contains the proceedings of the Annual Meeting of
1893 and the papers read at that meeting, together with other histor-
ical papers.
A valuable contribution to the history of Detroit will be found ini
iv PREFACE.
the article upon By-Gones of Detroit showing the changes there
during the past fifty years.
The committee tender the thanks of the Society to all who have so
generously assisted in preserving and presenting the valuable papers
published in this volume.
MICHAEL SHOEMAKER,
HENRY H. HOLT,
L. D. WATKINS,
J. WILKIE MOORE,
GERRIT J. DIEKEMA,
Committee of Historians.
JENNIE B. GREENE,
Secretary of the Committee.
CONTENTS.
Page
Preface iii
Contents _ v
List of officers elected Jane 7, 1893 vii
Errata - 720
Minntes of Annaal Meeting, 1893 1
Report of Recording Secretary 19
Report of Corresponding Secretary 22
Report of Treasurer 24
Report of the Committee of Historians 25
Report of the Memorial Committee:
Allegan county Don C. Henderson _ 36
Barry county Daniel Striker 89
Bay county Wm. McCormick 42
Branch county Harvey Haynes 43
Calhoun county John F. Hinman 45
Cass county George T. Shaffer : 65
Clinton county Ralph Watson 71
Eaton county W. B. Williams 77
Genesee county Josiah W. Begole . 79
Hillsdale county Wm. Drake 89
Ingham county C. B. Stebbins 92
Ionia county Albert F. Morehouse 97
Jackson county Josiah B. Frost 102
Kalamazoo county Henry Bishop 118
Kent county Wm. N. Cook 120
Lenawee county S. C. Stacy 129
Monroe county 1 . _ 138
Muekegon county Henry H. Holt 138
Oceana county E. T. Mugford 143
Ottawa county A. S. Kedzie 143
Saginaw county C. W. Grant 146
Shiawassee county Alonzo H. Owens 162
St. Clair county Mrs. Helen W. Farrand 166
St. Joseph county Hiram Draper... 175
Tuscola county Wm. A. Heartt 186
Wayne county J. Wilkie Moore 187
President's Address Alpheus Felch 198
Memoir of Dr. T. C. Abbot O. Clute 206
Memoir of Francis R. Stebbins Mormon Geddes 214
Memoirof Anson DePeuy Van Buren Stephen D. Bingham 217
Memoir of Charles M. Croswell-Judj/e T. M. Cooley... 222
vi CONTENTS.
Page
Memoirs of distinguished members of the Bay county Bar Judge A. C. Maxwell _ 226
James Birney - 227
Theophilus C. Grier.. 230
Hon. Sidney T. Holmes 232
fieminiscenses of Oceana county Hon. Enoch T. Mugford 23&
Keminiscenses of Oceana county -Mrs. Nancy B. White 240
Early French Missions on the Saginaw .FVed Carlisle 244
Sketch of John Tanner, known as the "White Indian "Judge Joseph H. Steere . 246
Poem-When I was a Boy with a Head like Tow-E7. B. Webster 255
Settlement and Natural History of Manchester and Vicinity L. D. Watkins 262,
Fifty-two years of itinerant life in the Michigan Conference of the M. E. Church Rev. R. C.
Crawford _ - 266
Progress in Transportation and Mails in the last fifty Years C. T. Mitchell 281
Comparative Sketches of E. B. Ward, James F. Joy, Lewis Cass and Wm. Woodbridge Fred
Carlisle - - 283
Railroad History of Michigan James F.Joy - 292
Bygones of Detroit Hon. Geo. C. Bates - 305
Settlement of Oakland county John M. Norton 404
History of Oakland county Hon. Thomas J. Drake 408
Biographical Sketch of John Roberts Levi Bishop 427
Some of the Benefits that accrued to Detroit from the devastating Fire of 1805 C. M. Burton 431
Battle and Massacre at Frenchtown, Mich., January, 1818 Rev. Thomas P. Dudley 436
Early Saginaw Con stables- Jude Albert Miller 44*
Pioneer Beminiscenses Mrs. Azuhah L. Jewett _ 447
A Pioneer's Reminiscenses Contributed by Judge Albert Miller _ 450
The Pioneer Schools of the State Judge A Ibert Miller 454
Sixty-two Years Ago An old map of the late Captain Marsac unearthed Contributed by Judge
Albert Miller 457
Recollections of a Pioneer of Early Michigan Judge Albert Miller 461
Response to Dr. Wight's Anniversary Sermon Judge Albert Miller. 464
Laying of the Corner Stone of the New First Presbyterian Church, Bay City Contributed by Judge
Albert Miller 466
The Medical Profession in Michigan Dr. O. C. Comstock 471
Fifty Years of Growth in Michigan Hon. Byron M. Cutcheon.... 479
Pioneer History of the Settlement of Eaton county By early Settlers 502
Personal Reminiscenses Rev. W. B. Williams 526
Early History of the Township of Davison Goodenough Townsend 542
Some Lenawee county History Judge Norman Gfeddes -- 556
Some Lenawee county History A. L. Millard 560
History of the Hastings M. E. Church Hon. Daniel Striker 565
Fiftieth Anniversary of the First Congregational Church, Portland, Mich _ 624
Sketch of Barnch G. Cooley A. F. Morehouse 625
Historical Sermon Rev. L. P. Spelman 62
A Biographical Sketch of Levi Hamilton Goodrich Enos Goodrich 651
Story of the drowning of Dr. Douglass Honghton and sketch of Peter McFarland, the last survivor
of the expedition , 662:
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE MICHIGAN
PIONEER AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
ELECTED JUNE 8, 1893.
PRESIDENT.
Ex-Gov. Alpheus Felch _ Ann Arbor
RECORDING AND CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
George H. Greene Lansing
TREASURER.
Merritt L, Coleman Lansing
VICE PRESIDENTS.
Allegan Don C. Henderson _ Allegan
Barry Daniel Striker _ Hastings
Bay _ Andrew C. Maxwell -Bay City
Berrien Thomas Mars Berrien Centre
Branch Harvey Haynes ___ Coldwater
Calhoun John P. Hinman _ __ Battle Creek
Cass George T. Shaffer _ Redfield
Clare Henry Woodruff _ Parwell
Clinton Ralph Watson South Riley
Crawford Dr. Oscar Palmer... Grayling
Eaton. __W. B. Williams _ Charlotte
Emmet.. Isaac D. Toll... _ .Petoskey
Genesee Josiah W. Begole. _ Flint
Grand Traverse Reuben Goodrich __ Traverse City
Gratiot Wm. S. Turck ; Alma
Hillsdale Wm. Drake. _ Amboy
Houghton ...Thomas B. Dunstan _ ..Hancock
Ingham C. B. Stebbins _ Lansing
Ionia. A. F. Morehouse... __ Portland
losco __.H. C. King ..Oscoda
Jackson Josiah B. Frost _ Jackson
Kalamazoo Henry Bishop Kalamazoo
Kent.. Wm. N. Cook Grand Rapids
viii OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES.
Lapeer.._ ..John Wright ..Lapeer
Lenawee S. C. Stacy _ __Tecumseh
Livingston Albert Tooley.. Howell
Macomb __ Chauncey G. Cady__ Mt. Clemens
Manistee T. J. Ramsdell Manistee
Marquette- ._ _ __Peter White Marquette
Menominee __James A. Crozier.__ Menominee
Monroe Gouveneur Morris Monroe
Montcalm J. P. Shoemaker _ _ __Amsden
Muekegon Henry H. Holt._ _ _ ___Muskegon
Oakland Mark Walters.. _____ ^__Pontiac
Oceana E. T. Mugford Hart
Otsego ___ ..Charles F. Davis _ ___ _.Elmira
Ottawa John V. B. Goodrich Grand Haven
Saginaw Chas W. Grant ____. Saginaw, E. S.
Shiawassee Alonzo H. Owens Venice
St. Clair _ Mrs. Helen W. Farrand Port Huron
St. Joseph Hiram Draper Findley
Tuscola Wm. A. Heartt __ _ _Caro
Van Buren Kirk W. Noyes Paw Paw
Washtenaw Wm. H. Lay : Ypsilanti
Wayne J. Wilkie Moore Detroit
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Judge Albert Miller _ __.Bay City
Hon. O. M. Barnes __ __ , _ ..Lansing
Daniel Striker _ ___ Hastings
COMMITTEE OP HISTORIANS.
Col. M. Shoemaker Jackson
Hon. John H. Forster __ _ ___Williamston
Ex-Lt. Gov. H. H. Holt __ _ ..Muskegon
L. D. Watkins _ _ ..Manchester
J. Wilkie Moore ..Detroit
PIONEER AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
ANNUAL MEETINGS, JUNE 7 AND 8, 1893.
The nineteenth annual meeting of the Michigan Pioneer and
Historical Society, convened in the senate chamber of the capitol at
Lansing, on Wednesday, June 7, at 2 o'clock, p. m.
The president, ex-Governor Alpheus Felch, called the meeting to
order and the session was opened with prayer by Rev. Wm. H. Haze
and singing of America by the audience.
The following officers were present:
President ex-Governor Alpheus Felch, of Ann Arbor.
Recording and Corresponding Secretary Geo. H. Greene, of Lansing.
Treasurer Merritt L. Coleman, of Lansing.
Executive Committee Judge Albert Miller, Bay City, and Rev. R.
C. Crawford, Grand Rapids.
Committee of Historians Col. M. Shoemaker, Jackson, Hon. Henry
H. Holt, Muskegon, and Fred Carlisle, Detroit.
Vice Presidents Hon. Daniel Striker, Barry; Ralph Watson, Clinton;
Rev. Wolcott B. Williams, Eaton; C. B. Stebbins, Ingham; Albert F.
Morehouse, Ionia; Hon. Henry H. Holt, Muskegou; Hon. Enoch T.
Mugford, Oceana; Alonzo H. Owens, Shiawassee; and J. Wilkie Moore,
Wayne.
There were also delegates from county societies as follows:
Allecjan, Dr. Osman E. Goodrich; Kent, Thomas D. Gilbert and
2 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Noys L. A very; Lenawee, Alfred L. Millard and Norman Geddes,
Wayne, Francis I. Clark, J. Wilkie Moore, David Parsons, Stephen B.
McCracken and Fred Carlisle.
The reading of the minutes of the annual meeting of 1892 was, ,pn
motion of Col. M. Shoemaker, dispensed with.
The reports of the recording secretary, the treasurer and the corres-
ponding secretary were then read and on motion each was accepted
and adopted.
A quartette, "While the Years are Boiling On," was then sung by
the Plymouth church quartet.
Col. Michael Shoemaker, chairman of the committee of historians,
submitted his report for the committee, which was also accepted and
adopted.
Geo. H. Greene, chairman of the memorial committee, called the roll
of counties for a memorial report when the following counties responded
through their vice presidents either in person or by letter, viz.:
Allegan, by Don C. Henderson; Barry, Daniel Striker; Branch, Harvey
Haynes; Calhoun, John F. Hinman; Cass, Geo. T. Shaffer; Clinton,
Ralph Watson; Eaton, Rev. Wolcott B. Williams; Genesee, Josiah W.
Begole; Hillsdale, William Drake; Ingham, C. B. Stebbins; Ionia,
Albert F. Morehouse; Jackson, Josiah B. Frost; Kalamazoo, Henry
Bishop; Kent, William N. Cook; Lenawee, S. C. Stacy; Livingston,
Albert Tooley; Muskegon, Henry H. Holt; Oceana, Enoch T. Mugford;
Ottawa, Rev. A. S. Kedzie; Saginaw, Chas. W. Grant; Shiawassee,
Alonzo H. Owens; St. Clair, Mrs. Helen W. Farrand; St. Joseph,
Hiram Draper; Wayne, J. Wilkie Moore.
C. T. Mitchell of Hillsdale read a paper on " The Progress in
Transportation and Mails in the last Fifty Years."
A solo, "The Last Rose of Summer," was then sung by Miss
Osborne.
President O. Clute, of the Agricultural College, then read a well
prepared memoir of President Theophilus C. Abbott.
A paper entitled, "A Picture of Memory Settlement of Oakland
County," was then read by John M. Norton of Rochester, after which
the chair appointed a committee of three, consisting of Col. M. Shoe-
maker, M. D. Osband, and Albert F. Morehouse to nominate officers
for 1893-4.
Five minute speeches were then called for and responded to as
follows:
Stephen D. Bingham, Lansing I want to say a few words in regard
to the best man the society ever had, A. D. P. Yan Buren. I can say in
MINUTES. 3
behalf of all the old members of this society, that they never had a man
who has done more for the Pioneer Society than Mr. Van Buren. His
intense interest in this society, and the place he filled, could be filled
by no other man who ever belonged to us. I trust that there is some
member of this society who will write a sketch of this man, who has
placed on record the sketches of so many men of the original pioneers
of Michigan. I can say, as we can say of many others, that his place
in the society can never again be filled.
Judge Albert Miller, Bay City I got married in Detroit the 6th of
February, 1838, and the verse which I quote serves to give a description
of the railroads at that time.
"The rails were of wood, but the coaches were fine,
For there were two seats in each on which to recline.
The horses then hied us with speed and much strength
Over that railroad which was twelve miles in length.
At the end of the railroad then we there found
A stage coach in waiting for Pontiac bound.
But I must confess that at that early day,
A stage coach was nothing but an open sleigh.
But in a day's journey we succeeded so well,
That before night-fall we reached Judge Bagley's hotel."
Judge Andrew Howell, of Detroit, was then called for and responded
as follows: I came here to listen and not to make any remarks in
regard to pioneer matters. I can say only a few words in regard to
Lenawee county where my life has been spent. There in those early
days our people settled in a thickly wooded country and heavy forests.
They came there young men and young women from New York and
New England, and filled up the county of Lenawee. They were young
people, not rich, or not the poorest, but in those days when it took
three weeks to journey from central New York to Monroe, and three
or four days from Monroe back into the wooded portions of Lenawee
county, it took a pretty sturdy set of young men and young women to
do it. They were all alike, there were no idlers among them; when
they got there together they were a moral, industrious set of young
men and women. Their children grew up like them, and they were as
good a population of people as ever existed in this country or ever will
exist. They were all alike then. They were all good and industrious,
and so it has been with a large portion of Michigan, but especially
with the southern part.
L. D. Watkins, Manchester I recollect when the circuit court was
organized there was a judge from the eastern part of the State sent
4 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
out to organize the court in the county where .1 then lived. I
happened to be on the grand jury, and he gave us a very voluminous-
charge on various matters that would need our attention, and among
the rest, gambling, which was very common in our new counties. One
evening I went into the office of a friend of mine and found the judge
and half a dozen lawyers, that had congregated from the adjoining
counties, and two or three citizens seated around the table playing
poker, [and my friend dragged me into the game. I did not know
anything about it, and he told me to put up a little something, and
we played until there was about five dollars in the pool; and the
judge took all the good money I had in the world. I think if I would
not have implicated myself I should have taught that judge a lesson ..
Two choruses, one entitled " Fancies " and the other " Sleep, Baby,
Sleep," were sung by the pupils from the central school, and the meet-
ing adjourned until 7 o'clock in the evening.
WEDNESDAY EVENING.
The society met pursuant to adjournment and was called to order by
the president. Prayer was offered by Rev. C. H. Beale.
A solo " I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say" was sung by L. A. Baker.
The president delivered his annual address for which a vote of thanks
was tendered him on motion of S. B. McCracken, followed by music
" Softly now the Shadows Fall " sung by the high school ladies trio.
A memoir of Francis E. Stebbins, by Hon. Norman Geddes of Adrian,,
was then read by him.
The high school male quartet sang " The Owl and the Pussy Cat"
and responded to an encore with " Tinker's Song " from Kobin Hood.
A paper entitled " Eeminiscences of Oceana County" was then read
by Hon. Enoch T. Mugford of Hart.
Five minute speeches were then called for and responded to a&
follows :
The secretary announced that he had just received a letter from Hon.
S. W. Fowler of Manistee, which he would read as a five minute
speech from him, as follows:
Manistee, Mich., June 5, 1893.
Geo. H. Greene, Esq., Secretary of Michigan Pioneer and Historical
Society, Lansing:
DEAR SIR Allow me to thank you for your kind invitation to attend
the coming annual meeting of your society. I hoped to have been
MINUTES. 5
present but unforseen events may prevent. I am interested in the
early history of the state of my adoption. I first landed in Michigan
at Detroit fifty-two years since, a boy twelve years old without an
acquaintance in the State. Detroit was a small French settlement with-
out a paved street or a sidewalk that I saw. The mud up Jefferson
avenue was something fearful and if there were any carriages I failed
to find them. The aristocracy of the place made their evening calls,
went to mill and to market in small French carts that, to me, looked
funny as they went bobbing up and down the streets. The Michigan
Central R. E. was being built west. I first arrived at Lansing in 1848
in a stage coach from Jackson, and stopped at the Lansing House,
then a wooden building located nearly opposite where the Hotel
Downey is now located.
The constitutional convention was then in session, and there were
few if any buildings between the capitol and upper and lower Lansing.
The trees had just been cut down and a wilderness of stumps met the
gaze in every direction.
The Battle Creek road had just been cut out but the logs prevented
travel and there was not a house within ten miles in that direction and
no possible way to go through except on foot, and as I was bound for
Albion College I took to the woods afoot and alone, and after two
days of the hardest and worst travel I ever had, I succeeded in reach-
ing Albion. There was no house within ten miles of Albion in that
direction, and the musquitoes were thicker, larger and) hungrier than
the celebrated Jersey musquitoes, and I was evidently the first morsel
they had had in a long time, they improved their opportunities; while
I, half crazed with pain, became lost and wandered miles out of my
way.
I afterwards took my revenge, in part, by introducing a bill in the
senate which became a law, improving the road from Lansing to Char-
lotte, making it at the time one of the best roads in the State. When
I located in Charlotte in 1853 and commenced practicing law, the fourth
Michigan Report had just been published, now there are about ninety-
four volumes. Detroit has become one of the. finest cities in the
northwest, the wilderness around Lansing has been made to blossom
like the rose, and Michigan has over 2,000,000 educated and thriving
people. The pioneers of the State may well be proud of the progress
made, and of the part they took in this advancement.
I would like to send greeting to the members, and hope this will be
a very pleasant and profitable meeting.
Yours sincerely,
S. W. FOWLER.
6 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Hon. Enoch T. Mugford, Hart When I settled in the place where*
I now live, it was a wilderness from the city of Grand Bapids to that
place. I came there as a poor man. Cut my way through the woods
and got my little family there, and we have lived there ever since.
And today I feel proud of meeting you here as old settlers of this
State. And feel proud of the county which I represent, Oceana county.
Albert F. Morehou.se, Portland Reference has been made to the
sickness which was prevalent in Oceana county. I well recollect how
it was in Clinton and Ionia counties, near that portion of Ionia county
where I reside. It was a common opinion that when a patient was
pretty well run down he must not have anything to drink but hot
drinks. That was the professional cure, and when the fever went off
the patients usually went with it. There was a man there by the
name of Jesse Monroe, who had a different view of the case. There
was an Irish family, which I well knew, lived about three miles from
Mr. Monroe, and the father of the family was addicted to drink, and
word came that he was very sick. The doctor was treating him.
Finally he was so near dying that he couldn't possibly live twenty-four
hours, and the neighbors were worn out with watching, and Jesse
Monroe thought he would try a new course of treatment, and volun-
teered to sit up with the old gentleman. Taking with him a half pint
flask of whisky, he told the family, who were pretty well exhausted,
that they might retire to rest and when there came a change, as they
all anticipated, he would call the family up. After they had gone he
took a teaspoon and filled it with whisky and gave it to the old
gentleman. He could hardly see it disappear between his lips, and in
a minute or two he gave him another one, and then he saw some
action. He tried the remedy again and again, when he began to
revive and apparently dropped off to sleep. Finally Mr. Monroe heard
a rustling in the bed, and he went to him and the old man said, "I
want something to eat." He gave him another dose of whisky. The
man got well, but it was chargeable to the whisky and not to the
medicine.
Stephen D. Bingham, Lansing I want to say a word about this
picture of Lafayette. This portrait represents him at full length at his-
own height, six feet and seven inches. The ordinary idea of the
French is that they are a diminutive race. This portrait was painted
by Horace Vernet. His father was a celebrated painter. Horace
Vernet was born in 1789, and died in 1863.
There has been many things said about this portrait, but I got my
information from Hon. Townsend E. Gidley, who was senator and
MINUTES. 7
representative here, perhaps oftener than any other man has been.
Mr. Gidley commenced his mercantile business in Ponghkeepsie, N. Y.,
at the age of seventeen. At the age of nineteen he was captain of the
military company at Ponghkeepsie. At the age of twenty-three Mr.
Gidley finding his health failing came out and settled in Jackson, and
the first year put in three hundred acres of wheat. He gave me the
history of this portrait. He was personally introduced to Lafayette.
He says this portrait was painted by Vernet at the request of Judge
Lyon, who attempted to get him to paint this portrait for himself, but
on his promise to give it to Michigan he painted it at the cost of $700.
This picture is the most valuable perhaps of anything that the State
of Michigan has today, and without doubt would bring twenty-five or
thirty, and perhaps fifty thousand dollars.
Hon. Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor I take it that there is a written
history of this painting somewhere in the proceedings of the legislature.
I do not know whether it is so or not, but there must of necessity be
some acknowledgment. The legislature could not receive as a gift one so
valuable as this and make no acknowledgment to the giver. You all
know that in the house of representatives there is a likeness of Stevens
T. Mason. I had occasion to see how that came there, and I found
that it was painted at the request and at the expense of some gentle-
man in Detroit. It was presented to the legislature and the legislature
accepted it and ordered it to be hung up in the house of representatives.
In looking over the records I was astonished to find that I was myself
on the committee which received it, and made a report upon it. I
mention this as showing that it is hardly possible that the legislature
should have received a painting of that description without making
some acknowledgment of the record. It would be worth while for
some of us to look at the records to see what history could be found.
A duet, "Greeting," was sung by Misses Maud La Rose and Grace
Lemon, and they responded to an encore.
The meeting then adjourned until Thursday morning at 9 o'clock.
THURSDAY MORNING.
The meeting was called to order by the president.
Prayer by Rev. Louis Grosenbaugh.
A solo entitled "Turn Backward, O Time, in your Flight," was sung
by Miss Neenah Jones.
8 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
The committee on nominations made the following report, which
was adopted:
The committee appointed to recommend names for officers of the
society for the ensuing year, would respectfully report the following:
President. Hon. Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor.
Recording and Correspondiny Secretary. Geo. H. Greene, Lansing.
Treasurer. Merritt L. Coleman, Lansing.
Executive Committee. Albert Miller, chairman, Bay City; Orlando
M. Barnes, Lansing; Daniel Striker, Hastings.
Committee of Historians. Michael Shoemaker, chairman, Jackson;
John H. Forster, Williamston; Henry H. Holt, Muskegon; L. D.
Watkins, Manchester; J. Wilkie Moore, Detroit.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Lansing, Mich., June 8, 1893.
M. SHOEMAKEE,
M. D. OSBAND,
ALBEET F. MOEEHOUSE.
The secretary then called the roll of counties and Vice Presidents
were chosen as follows:
Allegan Don. C. Henderson, Allegan.
Barry Daniel Striker, Hastings.
Bay Andrew C. Maxwell, Bay City.
Berrien Thomas Mars, Berrien Center.
Branch Harvey Haynes, Coldwater.
Calhoun John F. Hinman, Battle Creek.
Cass-Geo. T. Shaffer, Eedfield.
Clare- Henry Woodruff, Farwell.
Clinton Ealph Watson, South Eiley.
Crawford Dr. Oscar Palmer, Grayling.
Eaton Eev. Wolcott B. Williams, Charlotte.
Emmet Isaac D. Toll, Petoskey.
Genesee Josiah W. Begole, Flint.
Grand Traverse Reuben Goodrich, Traverse City.
GratiotWm. S. Turck, Alma.
Hillsdale William [Drake, Amboy.
Houghton Thomas B. Dunstan, Hancock.
Ingham Cortland B. Stebbins, Lansing.
Ionia Albert F. Morehouse, Portland.
losco H. C. King, Oscoda.
MINUTES. 9
Jackson Josiah B. Frost, Jackson.
Kalamazoo Henry Bishop, Kalamazoo.
Kent William N. Cook, Grand Rapids.
Lapeer John Wright, Lapeer.
Lenawee S. C. Stacy, Tecumseh.
Livingston Albert Tooley, Howell.
Macomb Chauncey G. Cady, Mt. Clemens.
Manistee T. J. Ramsdell, Manistee.
Marquette Peter White, Marquette.
Menominee James A. Crozier, Menominee.
Monroe Gouveneur Morris, Monroe.
Montcalm Joseph P. Shoemaker, Amsden.
Muskegon Henry H. Holt, Muskegon.
Oakland Mark Walters, Pontiac.
Oceana Enoch T. Mugford, Hart.
Otsego Charles F. Davis, Elmira.
Ottawa John V. B. Goodrich, Grand Haven.
Saginaio Chas. W. Grant, Saginaw, E. S.
Shiawassee Alonzo H. Owens, Venice.
St. Ciair~M.Ts. Helen W. Farrand, Port Huron.
St. Joseph Hiram Draper, Findley.
Tuscola William A. Heartt, Caro.
Van Buren Kirk W. Noyes, Paw Paw.
Washienaw William H. Lay, Ypsilanti.
'Wayne J. Wilkie Moore, Detroit.
Judge Albert Miller offered the following resolution, which was
adopted :
Resolved, That Col. Michael Shoemaker, Hon. Henry H. Holt, and
Geo. H. Greene, Esq., be, and they are hereby appointed, delegates to
represent the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, in the depart-
ment of literature at the* World's Congress Auxiliary, to be held at the
World's Columbian Exhibition of 1893, in Chicago, the week commenc-
ing July 10, and report the result of their observations at the annual
meeting of the society in 1894.
David Parsons, of Detroit, offered the following resolution for S. B.
McCracken, which after some discussion was lost:
Resolved, That a committee of three persons, members of the society,
the chairman of which shall be an attorney at law, be appointed by
the chair, to whom shall be referred any and all matters relating to
the legal status of the society, with power to take such steps as may
be requisite to cure any imperfections, should such be found to exist.
2
10 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
A solo entitled " Lovely Spring," was then sung by Mrs. J. D.
Vivian.
Rev. E. C. Crawford, of Grand Eapids, read a very able paper on
his " Fifty- two Years in the Itinerancy of the Michigan Conference of
the M. E. Church," in which he related many interesting reminiscences.
L. D. Watkins, of Manchester, read a paper entitled " Settlement
and Natural History of Manchester and Vicinity," showing considerable
observation and research.
A very interesting article entitled " Sketch of John Tanner, known as
the White Indian," by Judge Joseph H. Steere, of Sault Ste. Marie, was
then read by'S. B. McCracken. After the reading of this paper the
Hon. Thomas D. Gilbert, of Grand Rapids, made the following remarks:
A daughter of the Rev. Bingham, who was a missionary in the
vicinity of Fort Monroe from 1828 to 1855, told me yesterday, knowing
that this paper was to be read, some incidents in connection with what
was known at Fort Monroe as the Tanner year in 1846. Tanner and
the fear of him dominated that town during that year until he
disappeared. All the traits of character spoken of in that paper this
lady confirmed. Speaking of his peculiarities she said he was for
many years the interpreter at her father's mission, interpreting his
sermons to the Indians, and the reason of his antipathy to some of the
citizens there was this: He abused this white wife of his so terribly
that she was forced to leave him, and a number of the citizens there,
among them the Schoolcrafts, and the Rev. Bingham, and some
others, contributed the necessary money to enable her to slip away and
leave him. He swore vengence against everyone who aided her or
sought to relieve her from his oppression. Henry R. Schoolcraft was
the one whom he meant to kill, but for some reason he could not get
a chance at him, and he supposed that he took his next kin, James
Schoolcraft, against whom he had the same antipathy. It was well
understood after this murder of James Schqplcraft that there were
those who would be served in the same way, and the officer's post
there kept a guard around the mission house, where the Rev. Bingham
lived, for two months, thinking that he might return and finish his
deadly work, but he never was seen afterward, as was clearly shown in
that paper.
A solo was then sung by Arthur Carmer entitled, "Then You'll
Remember Me," and the meeting adjourned until 2 o'clock p. m.
MINUTES. 11
THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
The society met pursuant to adjournment and was called to order by
the president.
Prayer, by Rev. W. F. Dickerman.
Music A solo, by Mr. John Daniels.
Fred Carlisle, of Detroit, read a paper entitled " Comparative
Sketches of E. B. Ward, James F. Joy, Lewis Cass, and C. C.
Trowbridge."
A violin solp entitled, " Airs from Orpheus," was then rendered by
Mrs. Ella W. Shank.
A very interesting paper on "Railroad History," by James F. Joy,
was then read by Geo. H. Greene.
The high school chorus of Lansing then sang a piece entitled,
" Softly the Shadows Flitting O'er Us."
Five minute speeches were then called for and responded to as
follows :
Hon. Henry H. Holt Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I wish
to say a word further in regard to this picture. We are here as
historians as well as pioneers. It is a part of our duty to preserve the
history of Michigan as well as the records of the pioneer settlers, and
in this connection I wish to say something further in regard to this
picture of Lafayette.
The time is past when we can do anything in a pecuniary manner,
to recompense the officers and soldiers of the revolution, for the many
hardships they endured in their struggle for independence.
This is particularly true as regards those of foreign countries who
assisted us, of whom Lafayette is an especial example.
In fact, people generally do not fully realize the great obligations we
are under to him for his services in the revolution. There are many,
indeed, who are scarcely aware what he did for us, and how important
his efforts became. We do not remember that at one time the troops
were in such a condition, that, in order to keep them from perishing
from lack of food and clothing it became necessary for Lafayette to
borrpw money from his own resources, to furnish these necessaries.
Historians frequently say, that had it not been for these efforts of
Lafayette, it would have been doubtful if Washington could have suc-
ceeded in the revolution.
As representatives of this society, it seems to be our duty to keep
these matters of history before the people and do all we can to pre-
serve their recollection.
12 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
A few years since, while making a tour of Paris, I determined to
visit the grave of Lafayette. After inquiring some time about its
location, I started one morning to find it, and occupied nearly the
whole day before I succeeded. When I did so, it was overrun with
weeds and bushes and with nothing to mark it but a small tombstone.
The grave of a private citizen in Paris would receive more attention
than that of Gen. Lafayette.
I need not say that I was mortified to learn that Americans, visiting
Paris, know so little regarding one who rendered us such valuable
service.
I have been pleased to learn within the last few days that a number
of our citizens in Paris, procured some flowers and placed them on his
.grave on Decoration day. I hope that this will be the custom hereafter.
Americans should do something more. A suitable monument ' ought
to be erected at his grave, even if it is in an out of the way place, in
Paris.
We have heard what Mr. Bingham says in regard to this picture of
Lafayette, and I have no doubt it is true, and more than that, I am
.glad to be able to say so. It is only lately that people began to learn
that we have such a picture, in fact, the best picture of Lafayette in
the United States.
Although we have this, to show how little it is appreciated, I will
say that I have several times inquired of different senators as to what
picture it is pretending not to know I have usually found but few
who knew whose picture it is. I was in the legislature for the first
time in 1867 when the picture was in the library in the old capitol in
a terrible condition, without any frame, covered with dust, and thrown
upon the top of book shelves.
I was also here in 1869, '71, '73 and '75, when it was in the same
place, and few knew there was such a picture in the library. It was
taken out, on the building of the new capitol, framed and repaired and
placed in its present position in the senate chamber, where I next saw
it at the session of 1879.
We are unable to say who brought it from Paris, but Mr. Bingham
told us yesterday that Mr. Gidley told him that it was procured by
Lucius Lyon and brought to this country, we do not know how or
exactly when, but think it was put in the library but never hung until
this building was erected.
We certainly are under obligations to take care of it, and let people
know that we have it. It might as well be hung in a cupboard if
people do not know where it is and what it is.
MINUTES. 13*
It certainly should be understood and appreciated. The guards
should call attention to it so that those visiting the capitol can see it
if they wish.
We should be proud of it, and I hope you will go home remember-
ing that the people of Michigan are the owners of this treasure, as in
doing this we are showing respect to the memory of one to whom we
are so much indebted.
Hon. Norman Geddes Mr. Chairman, I wish to make a motion that
this whole matter of investigation of the history of this picture, its
origin, and how the State came into possession of it, be referred to a
committee of which ex-Governor Holt be the chairman, with the
request that he prepare a paper to be read before this society next
year.
The above resolution was adopted, and ex-Governor Holt, Stephen D.
Bingham, and Fred Carlisle were appointed as members of such
committee.
Francis I. Clark, Flat Bock I am greatly pleased to hear these
gentlemen speak on this subject and of this individual. The portrait
I have nothing to say about, but it is the man. It is not altogether
what Lafayette did in this country for America, but you must be
aware that he married a lovely woman for his wife in France, and he
sacrificed her affections, and her love for the time being; and not only
that, he left France against the orders of his king, and went to a
seaport and boarded a vessel where he thought there would be no-
chance of being pursued and brought back. This was certainly a great
undertaking to forsake a lovely wife and disobey the orders of his-
king, and come to America to lay down his life for a nation that he
knew nothing about any more than that we were struggling for liberty.
In the first instance of his landing he landed I think in South Caro-
lina he hastened to the army where General Washington lay below
Philadelphia. And there was the British army drawn up on the
Brandywine for a great battle, and General Washington brought all of
his forces and did the best that he could to keep the British army from,
taking possession of Philadelphia. And there they fought a great
battle, and this young hero was wounded. General Washington, you
know, received him as a son, and he always paid the greatest attention
to him, and gave him high command, and he fought nobly and
faithfully for a country he had no other interests in than out of a
patriotic motive to help America gain her independence and become a
free nation. I wish I had the. power of a Daniel Webster, I would
like to portray to you the grand sentiment of such a ,young hero.
14 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Mr. C. B. Stebbins, Lansing There was once a revolution in France.
The king was deposed by the general voice of the people. The
provincial government was partially established, and the call was
"What shall we do?" Some were for proclaiming a republic. Others
said, "No." And they agreed among themselves that it should be
Louis Philippe. The next question was will the people sanction this
election? And while that state of things existed, and they were
debating that question in regard to the will of the people, Lafayette
came out where they were congregated and advised them to go in for
Louis Philippe, and I think that we may largely say that Lafayette
elected Louis Philippe king of France. Well, what about this picture?
I have known of that picture ever since 1857. I knew of its being in
the library laid away as the Governor has told us. Louis Philippe
naturally would be a friend of Lafayette's, and I have heard it said a
great many times, by those who got their information from somebody
else, that it was presented to this State by Louis Philippe.
Hon. Alpheus Felch I was so much interested in the article which
has been read here, that I can hardly refrain from saying some word
about the railroad system of Michigan. Most of us remember that it
is almost half a century since we first embarked upon the railroad
system, and we all know ifchat nothing very great, nothing that we have
ever attempted to do has done more to promote the interest of the
State of Michigan than the railroad system, and yet I can remember
very well when there was some portion of it that was subject to great
censure. We loaned $5,000,000, and it was a great loan. It was a
poor State, and it was thought an extravagant idea that we should
loan that amount of money. As I happened to be in the first legisla-
ture which adopted that system, my recollection of it is clear. 1
remember very well of hearing the first whistle of the locomotive that
ever was heard in Michigan; it was at the depot in Detroit, the place
where the city hall now stands. The machinery had come on from
New York and arrived there one day, and by the next day the
engineers were at work getting it into position and running order. We
had one or two cars also. About three or four o'clock in the afternoon
I remember of hearing the sound of that whistle. It was not the
sound we get from the locomotive of the present time; it was about
half way between a grunt and a groan. Whatever it was it made a
great impression upon the people who heard it. I took a walk that
evening and passed a good many people, and among them a good many
boys, and every boy had that upon his lips, and he made exactly the
same sound that -that locomotive made. Let me say a word about the
MINUTES. 15
passage of this bill as connected with the system itself. We got three
railroads. Some of us thought that as much as we had loaned a large
sum of money, we were too poor to make three roads. So while the
committee on railroads reported one single road from Detroit through
to St. Joseph, we, who were members from the south and north, thought
that if we undertook to pay $5,000,000, we at the north and south
ought to have some interest in this railroad business. The consequence
was that when they were about to pass the bill I sent up an amend-
ment which provided for three railroads across the isthmus instead of
one. It gave them great alarm. The chairman of the committee at
once thought, and so did the Detroit people, that we of the north and
south had combined to defeat the railroad which was to lead to Detroit.
Well, Judge Ely was so much alarmed about it that he immediately
moved for an adjournment. We explained to him why we had proposed
to have three roads. He thought we wanted to defeat the thing, but
we did not. It was for the purpose of saving the road and not to
defeat it that we sent up the amendment, and the consequence was
that we ail joined and voted for the three roads and the $5,000,000
loan, and it turned out very well. We got the road completed to
Ypsilanti, and the Ypsilanti folks invited us to come there and
celebrate the day of the arrival of the first cars, and we had a very
good time on the way and very good entertainment when we got there,
and we came back in very good spirits. But when we got around in
the neighborhood of Dearborn our locomotive seemed to become very
weak, and by and by we couldn't go at all, and the consequence was
that the locomotive gave out entirely and we were left to take care of
ourselves. We walked about ten miles and got into Detroit about four
o'clock in the morning.
I had some further connection with these railroads. I have always
thought that a man's memory, recollection of things that are past, were
the best gems he ever had when he got to be an old man, and I think
so now. In 1846 when the sale of the railroads took place, it was my
duty (I was then in the executive office) to make some recommendation
upon public affairs. I took the liberty of recommending to the legis-
lature the sale of the railroads. We finally perfected the sale of the
roads. The capitalists from New York and from Boston were there,
and several things were presented by people who were opposed to it.
I think you will find it in looking back to the journal. Somebody
proposed that the railroad should never run a car on Sunday. Some
one proposed that the railroad company should never be guilty of any
breach of the ten commandments, and some one proposed that all the
]6 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
railroad folks should go to church twice a day on every Sunday. Those
things all went through, and we all cast our vote for them, but of
course they all failed in the end. It became my duty to deliver over
the railroad to the new company organized. We signed the deed in
Detroit and then went over the road to deliver it to them. As we
went along, I must confess, I was never more frightened in my life. I
asked the engineer why in the world he went so rapidly. He said, " I
am employed by the State, and tomorrow the State wont own the road,
and I want to show the new capitalists how well I can run the cars."
Railroads were made entirely within the ^ lives of some of us here.
When I came to this country the longest railroad I had ever seen was
the one from Albany to Schnectady and I think that was the nearest
road to Michigan at that time. Now all over the world, wherever there
is any civilization, railroads have become the great power which moves
civilization forward, and builds up the communities, nations and states,
and interests of all kinds are built up by railroads.
Mr. Stephen Bingham I have written a few words in regard to the
life of Mr. Van Buren, which I would like to present to the society.
A. D. P. Van Buren, for many years a member of the historical
committee of the State Pioneer Society, entered the other world June
27, 1892, at Galesburgh, Michigan. Born at Kinderhook, N. Y., April
21, 1822, and of Dutch descent. He came to Battle Creek at the age
of fourteen in 1836, and 'has been a resident of Michigan since that
time, except for a year or two as a young man, when he was a teacher
in Mississippi. As a member of the State Pioneer Society his work has
been invaluable, and such as no other man could have done. His
biographical sketches, his papers upon the " Campaign of 1840," and
the " Old Log Schoolhouse," and many others, all instructive and
entertaining. The State Pioneer Society desires to place on record its
high estimation of his valuable services as a member and especially
able contributor to its public records. As a gentleman and scholar he
won the esteem of all with whom he was connected, and has done
very much to perpetuate the memory of the early Michigan pioneers.
His place can never be filled.
The above contribution by Mr. Bingham was accepted by the society.
Dr. W. H. Haze It is a little interesting to me, perhaps it would
be to you, how I got my shirt dried years ago in 1838. I left the
county of Oakland down here where my father lived, came out through
this country, crossed the Grand river down here five or six miles, and
took off into Eaton county. That day and night were the first I ever
spent in Eaton county, and it did make an impression upon my mind.
MINUTES. 17
It rained fearfully. I was alone. I had on my back a little knapsack
that was made by my mother out of an old bag that the rats had eaten
pretty thoroughly up. In it I had a few little things, and I traveled
through that rain following marked trees all day long. Just as the
sun was setting and the night was coming on I came' to a house. It
didn't rain, nor pour; the hoops seemed to have bursted off of the
tank and the bottom had fallen out, and I was wet through and through.
I had a wallet and in it I had seven dollars in small bills, and when
I came to get out my wallet at night the bank notes were thoroughly
cemented together. There were two women in the house which I came
to, and they gave me something to eat and helped me to pick my bills
apart, and said " If you can climb up the loft you will find a bed, and
if you will do that and hand your clothes down to us we will dry
them." And I handed them down and they dried them for me all up
nice and then passed them up to me, and that is the way I got my
shirt dried.
L. D. Watkiiis I think there is a lady here who from her looks,
knows all about the spinning wheel.
Mrs. Marion Turner My father came to Michigan in 1836. I was
quite a young girl then. When we moved into west Michigan we
forded every river and stream, and several times in our lumber wagon
we would just be afloat. And so 1 know a little of the early days in
Michigan. My mother brought her large spinning wheel and small
wheel with her. She knew how to spin both with a small and large
wheel. There were five daughters and one son, and we moved into
Clinton county in the fall of 1886. My father was ninety-three when
he died, he was Jesse Monroe. I could relate a great many incidents
but I prefer to hear from others.
The pupils from the Larch street school then sang a piece entitled
" The Happy Spider " and the meeting adjourned until 7 o'clock in the
evening.
THURSDAY EVENING.
The meeting was called to order by the president pursuant to adjourn-
ment and prayer was offered by Rev. R. C. Crawford.
A solo " The Sword of Bunker Hill " was sung by Ernest Sellers.
A poem, entitled " When I was a Boy with a Head Like Tow " by U.
B. Webster of Benton Harbor, was then read by Dennis E. Alward.
3
18 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
A solo, entitled " Scotch Songs," was sung by Miss Irma Haight.
A paper on the " Early Missions on the Saginaw " by Fred Carlisle
of Detroit, was then read by Geo. H. Greene.
A solo, entitled " Loves Old Sweet Song," was then sung by Mr. L,
A. Baker.
Five minute speeches were then called for and responded to as follows:
Francis I. Clark, Flat Kock Mr. President: I presume that Wayne
county affords as many instances of history as any other county in the
State. Wayne county has had a great many battles fought on her soil.
You all well remember that after the battle on the plains of Abraham,
fought by Generals Wolf and Montcalm, and the armies were about
equal, that Montcalm did not want to fight the battle with the English
but General Wolf brought his army up on the plains of Abraham, and
in the morning Montcalm saw the British army in front of him, and
there was no other way but for him to march out his forces and fight
it out. All this territory went into the hands of the British and they
came to Detroit and took command. Every Frenchman who inhabited
the region of St. Clair down the Detroit Eiver and around Lake Erie
never was known to be molested or troubled by an Indian. They all
seemed to work together, and to have one interest, and the French
people were always spared to go out and till the soil.
Ralph Watson of South Biley I remember that when General Cass
was in Detroit that he and several others made a bargain with a young
.man by the name of Fox that they would give him a suit of clothes, a
good Indian pony and twenty-five dollars if he would carry the mail
through from Detroit to Grand Kapids, and return again to Detroit in
nine days. Fox was a young man, quite an able fellow, and he under-
took the job. He related the circumstances to me. He said that when
he got to where Lansing is, of course it was all wilderness, he got onto
those hills in the vicinity of the Grand river somewhere, and looked
over the trees to the west as the sun was setting, and it looked wild
in the extreme. He followed the Indian trail. When he got about
half way between Lansing and Delta he heard a pack of wolves coming
and he thought perhaps they might eat his pony up. So he took his
mail bag and got up into a tree, and by that time the wolves had got
even with him, and he found that they were on the other side of the
river. After many difficulties he finally reached Grand Rapids, left the
mail there and started back, and when he got to Detroit at twelve
o'clock at night Cass told him he had done so well he would give him
ten dollars. That is what Mr. Fox received for carrying the mail
through to Grand Kapids.
REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY. 19
Auld Lang Syne was then sung by the audience, after which Rev.
Wm. H. Haze pronounced the benediction and the meeting adjourned
sine die.
REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY.
Lansing, June 7, 1893.
To the Officers and Members of the Michigan Pioneer and Historical
Society:
Your recording secretary begs leave to submit the following report:
The eighteenth annual meeting of this society was held in the senate
chamber of the capitol June 1 and 2, 1892, at which time some of the
most valuable historical papers ever read before the society were read.
MEMBERSHIP.
The total number of names now enrolled on our membership book
is eight hundred and seven. Of this number two hundred and seventy-
eight have been reported as deceased, leaving a membership of five
hundred and twenty-nine.
Since our last report there have been forty-one names added to the
list, viz., John B. Clement, Blissfield; J. C. Blanchard, Ionia; Chas.
W. Barber, Howell; D. L. Burgess, Portland; Edwin B. Winans,
Hamburgh; Ralph Watson, Riley; Bethuel C. Farrand, Port Huron;
Myron Abbott, White Oak; Frederick G. Bailey, Vernon; Charles W.
Church and Sarah M. Church, Lansing; Fred Carlisle, Detroit; M. H.
Bailey, Dimondale; Gertrude E. Morehouse, Portland; John M. Cald-
well and Helen N. Caldwell, Battle Creek; John R. Price, Lansing;
Melville McGee, Jackson; Geo. H. Hazelton, Elwood, N. J.; Gabriel
Bissonette, Monroe; Charles A. Bissonette, Grand Rapids; William W.
Peck, Frederick W. Willcox, J. Davidson Burns, Albert A. Holcomb,
Richard A. Sykes, N. Chase, Edwin J. Phelps, Edward Woodbury,
Wm. H. Buell, Romine H. Buckhout, A. J. Shakespeare, Dallas
Boudeman, S. H. Wattles, J. B. Allen, and James Monroe, all of
Kalamazoo (the result of the efforts of our vice president for that
20 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
county, Henry Bishop); Geo. E. Steele, Grand Traverse; Wm. P. Ains-
ley, Williamston; Frank Hodgeman, Climax; Charles 8. Williams,
Owosso; Charles V. DeLand, Jackson.
DONATIONS.
The following list of donations have been made within the past year:
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS:
Fifth annual report of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station for 1892.
Bulletin No. 25 of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station for December, 1892.
JUDGE CHARLES C. BALDWIN, Cleveland, O.:
Bethlehem and Ohio History, leaflet.
E. W. BLATCHFOBD, Chicago, 111.:
Proceedings of the Trustees of the Newberry Library for the year ending January 5, 1892.
The Newberry Library, Chicago- Certificate of Incorporation and Incorporation Act.
WM. H. BBEABLEY, Detroit:
Genealogical Chart of the Brearley Family.
BUFFALO HISTOBICAL SOCIETY, Buffalo, N. Y.:
Annual report of the Board of Managers January 10, 1893, and the Society Proceedings.
CONNECTICUT HISTOBIOAL SOCIETY, Hartford, Ct.:
Putnam's General Orders, 1777.
Invitation from the Wadsworth Atheneum to the opening of the new Libraries and Art Galleries.
MRS. JACOB S. FABBAND, Detroit:
Tributes of the public prints setting forth the life and good works of Jacob S. Farrand.
CHAS. W. GBANT, Saginaw, E. S.:
A lot of old newspapers, pamphlets, etc.
GEO. H. GREENE, Lansing:
State Republican Novembers, 1892, containing sketches and portraits of republican candidates for
county offices, Ingham county.
KANSAS HISTOBICAL SOCIETY, Topeka, Kansas:
The Topeka Daily Capital of August 21, 1892, containing an address by Judge F, G. Adams.
WALTER S. LOGAN, New York City:
The Siege of Cuautla, the Bunker Hill of Mexico, by Walter 8. Logan.
MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, St. Paul, Minn.:
Seventh biennial report of the society to the legislature of 1893.
J. WILKIE MOORE, Detroit:
Detroit Free Press November 2, 1892, containing an account of his fifty-nine years residence in
Detroit.
An old bayonet and cannon ball from Fort Lernoult, afterward Fort Shelby, corner of Fort and
Shelby Streets, Detroit, taken from eleven feet under ground.
NEBRASKA HISTOBIOAL SOCIETY:
Transactions and Reports of the Society, Vol. IV.
NKW ENGLAND HISTOBIO GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, Boston, Mass.:
New England Historical and Genealogical Register for July and October, 1892, and January and
April, 1893.
Proceedings of the society at the annual meeting, January 4, 1898.
List of members of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, January, 1893.
NEW YORK HISTOBIOAL SOCIETY;
Volumes 1 and 2, Collections, Deane Papers.
The Fishery Question, by Charles Isham.
OLD COLONY CLUB, Boston, Mass.:
Fisheries Within the Territorial Limits of the States are not Subject to Congressional Control-
by Hon. Charles E. Littlefield.
Axos PEBBY, Providence, R. I.:
An Official Tour Along the Eastern Coast of the Regency of Tunis, by Amos Perry, LL. D.
Carthage and Tunis, by Amos Perry: LL. D.
REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY. 21
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE, Washington, D. C.
Two copies of the " Museums of the Future," by G, Brown Goode.
ROBEBT T. SWAN, Commissioner, Boston, Mass.:
Fourth and Fifth annual reports on the custody and condition of the Public Records.
MRS. ELLEN HABDIN WALWOBTH, Editor:
Two copies of the American Monthly Magazine for December, 1892.
MBS BETSEY WKBBEB, Lansing:
Original tax rolls for the town of Water town, Clinton county, for the years 1888, 1839, 1840, 1841
and 1842.
WESTEBN RESEBVE HISTOBIOAL SOCIETY, Cleveland, O.:
Tracts 73-84, Vol. III.
WYOMING HISTOBICAL AND GEOLOGICAL, SOCIETY, Wilkes Barre, Pa.:
Wyoming Memorial Medal in commemoration of the Battle and Massacre of Wyoming July 3, 1778.
MISCELLANEOUS: *
Five copies of Gov. John J. Bagley's Thanksgiving Proclamation for 1875, and one for 1878.
COMMITTEE MEETINGS.
The executive committee and committee of historians have held two
meetings in joint session since the last annual meeting, as follows:
One on April 25, 1893, just after the appropriation of 1893 had been
granted, to decide on plans for future work and the judicious expendi-
ture of this appropriation.
It was decided to proceed at once with the publication of Volume
XXI, Pioneer and Historical Collections, to contain the proceedings of
the annual meeting of 1892, together with such historical papers as
had been collected up to that date.
The secretary was directed to have printed 1,500 copies of the
constitution and by-laws in accordance with a resolution adopted at
the last annual meeting.
A committee consisting of Fred . Carlisle was appointed to draft a
circular for distribution, relative to the duties of vice presidents, and
the necessity of county and other societies becoming auxiliary to this
society.
The secretary was instructed to make the usual necessary prepara-
tions for the annual meeting on the 7th and 8th of June, such as
providing for a place of meeting, securing a stenographer, music, etc.
The second meeting of the committees was held on June 5 and 7,
1893, for the purpose of completing the arrangements for the annual
meeting of June 7 and 8. The program as arranged by 'the secretary
was submitted, approved, and ordered printed.
Jennie B. Greene was appointed secretary of the committee of
historians to continue until further action of the committees.
Mrs. Mary C. Spencer, State Librarian, made a proposition to the
committees to set apart space in the State Library for the books,
papers, etc., belonging to the society, classify the same, arid publish
22 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
them in an appendix to her catalogue, which was accepted and a
resolution of thanks for her generous offer was adopted.
The bills allowed and ordered paid will be found in the report of
the treasurer and the balance of the work accomplished during the
year will be found in the minutes of the annual meeting and the
annual reports of the other officers of the society submitted at this date.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GEO. H. GEEENE,
Recording Secretary.
EEPOKT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
Lansing, June 7, 1893.
To the Officers and Members of the Michigan Pioneer and Historical
Society :
I herewith beg leave to submit my fourteenth annual report of the
correspondence of the society together with the file of letters and com-
munications received within the past year. These letters are all filed
for easy reference and all requiring an answer have been promptly
replied to, and all donations entrusted to my address have been duly
acknowledged.
Notices of this meeting have been mailed to every member of the
society together with a copy of the constitution, by-laws and list of
members which has been recently printed in accordance with a resolu-
tion adopted at our last annual meeting, also a circular issued by the
committee of historians with a view of securing a greater cooperation
with county and other local 'societies, with this society and thereby
preserve many of the historical papers read before these societies which
might otherwise fall into careless hands and be lost. This notice and
circular were also mailed to all the leading newspapers of the state,
many of which have given notice of this meeting in a prominent place
in their columns.
At the close of our last annual meeting, I sent a notice to each of
the vice presidents informing them of their election and duties, and
REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
23
another about a month since requesting them to make a memorial
report at this meeting, of worthy pioneers of their counties who have
died within the year.
The death roll of members of the society for the past year, so far as
1 have been able to ascertain, is as follows:
No.
Name.
Residence.
Born.
Died.
Age.
Came
to
Mich.
38
Ebenezer S. Eggleston
Grand Rapids
May 12, 1825 ....
Aug. 8, 1892
67
1837
58
Betsey Fisk.
Allegau
Sept. 22, 1810
July 7, 1892..
82
1834
137
James I. David
Ecorse
Aug. 2, 1814. ..
Oct. 13, 1892. ..
78
1842
171
Jonathan Parsons
Kalamazoo
Oct. 7, 1820
Aug. 17, 1892
72
1885
?11
Hiram Arnold.
Kalamazoo
July 14, 1808
July 28, 1892
84
1836
?JK?,
Dr. Henry L. Joy
Marshall
Jan. 25, 1822
June 21, 1892 ..
70
1850
309
John Rutherford
Centreville
June 26, 1814
Mar. 16, 1893 ..
79
1835
811
Benj. F. Partridge
Bay City
April 19, 1822....
Oct. 19, 1892
70
1822
415
Francis R. Stebbins
Adrian
Oct. 26, 1818....
Sept. 29, 1892....
74
1883
458
Alftx^ndftr flhupnt.nn
Detroit
Feb. 3, 1818
May 2, 1898
75
1818
54?,
A. D. P. Van Buren
Galesbargh
April 21, 1822..
June 27, 1892.
70
1836
610
Theophilus C. Abbot.
Tensing
April 29, 1826..
Nov. 7, 1892
66
1855
618
J. Huff Jones
Detroit
5 declined to >
Dec. 16, 1892....
72
1881
647
Geo. A. Smith
Somerset
( give this date $
March 8, 1825
Jan. 29, 1898
68
1889
668
Stephen F. Brown
Grand Rapids
Dec. 81, 1819
June 2, 1898.
73
1830
683
Charles Shepard
Grand Rapids
July 18, 1812
Mar. 8, 1893
81
1835
78?,
John M . Cald well
Battle Creek
Sept. 18, 1829 .
Mar. 8, 1893. ..
63
1886
Also the following whose deaths have not heretofore been reported:
No.
Name.
Residence.
Born.
Died.
Age.
Came
to
Mich.
?3
Orson H. Look
Lowell
April 12 1830
1881
51
1834
194
Celestia E. May
Nov. 20, 1800
Dec. 2, 1889
89
1834
512
Henry B. Lathrop. . .
Jackson ..
July 6, 1808..
Aug. 20, 1890 ...
82
1834
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GEORGE H. GREENE,
Corresponding Secretary.
24 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER.
Lansing, June 7, 1893.
To the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society:
I herewith submit my annual report as follows: Merritt L. Coleman
treasurer, in account with the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society,
from June 1, 1892 to June 7, 1893.
RECEIPTS.
To balance in my hands, June 1, 1892 '$222 82
" amount received on account of membership fees _ . 47 00
" " " " " " sale of Vols. 1 and 2 225
Total . - $272~07
DISBURSEMENTS.
For binding... - 48 00
Balance on hand June 7, 1893 . $224 07
APPEOPBIATION OF 1891.
Amount on hand June 1, 1892 of the appropriation made by Act 33
of 1891, was as follows:
General fund... $1,00000
Publishing fund 3,70000
Total... $4,70000
DISBURSEMENTS.
From the general fund:
Postage, express and stationery $41 83
Expenses of committee of historians 85 60
" " executive committee _ 3145
" annual meeting, 1892 , 57 59
Copying records at Ottawa, Canada 168 86
Copyright, Vols. 17, 18, 19, 20... 400
Engraving maps and portraits _ 94 50
Preparing printers' copy, reading proof and making indexes.... 516 67
* J QQQ QJJ
From the publishing fund:
Printing and binding Vol. 17 $1,042 87
14 18 _ 1,01861
VolB. 19 and 20.. . 1,638 52
3,700 00
Total $4,700 00
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS. 25
APPROPRIATION OF 1893.
The appropriation made by Act 60 of 1893 can be drawn from the
state treasury only on a warrant from the auditor general and a voucher
approved by the president and secretary of the society, and is as follows :
Amount appropriated for 1898 .. $2,500 00
44 1894 _ -. -. 2,500 00
Total .... :- $5,00000
DISBURSEMENTS.
Copying records at Ottawa, Canada . $152 04
Preparing copy for printers, reading proof, making indexes, etc 100 00
Total .- 252 04
Balance available in state treasury .. $4,747 96
All of which is respectfully submitted.
MERRITT L. COtEMAN,
Treasurer.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS.
Lansing, Mich., June 7, 1893.
To the Pioneer and Historical Society of the State of Michigan:
The committee of historians would respectfully report that in the
past year it has been quite successful in acquiring historical material
relative to the settlement of counties in the northern part of the
Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and of those of the Upper Peninsula, with
many items of interest relative to the industrial pursuits of the
pioneers in the different sections of the State, particularly those
relating to agriculture, mining, the fisheries, and the lumber interests.
The committee has also continued its investigations in the dominion
archives at Ottawa, Canada, and has had copied twelve maps and
4,605 folios of matter found there in official papers relative to the
history of Michigan during the Indian, French, and British occupation
of the territory west of the great lakes.
The historical value of the papers which the committee has caused
to be copied at Ottawa, Canada, through the courtesy of the dominion
government and the active kindness of Douglas Brymner, Esq., Cana-
4
26 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
dian Archivist, cannot be placed too highly, since they constitute an
official authority, made by reports of officers in the different depart-
ments to the French and British governments, on many points
connected with the history of Michigan while under the government of
France or Great Britain, and daring the revolutionary war and the
war of 1812, with the negotiations with Great Britain relative to the
surrender of territory withheld after the treaties of peace which
belonged to the United States. This valuable information could not
be obtained from any other source.
The committee has also procured the publication of two volumes
(19 and 20) of the Historical "Collections" of the society, which are
now ready for delivery. Volume 21 is also in the process of publica-
tion, but will not be finished until after the close of the present
meeting.
VOLUME NINETEEN.
Volume 19 is a book of 700 pages and is composed of copies of
papers relating to Michigan from those on file in the archives of the
Dominion of Canada at Ottawa, among which may be found:
Reports on American colonies from 1721 to 1762.
A copy of an Indian deed to the Island of Mackinac, dated May
12, 1781.
Military dispatches from 1758 to 1762.
The Bouquet papers (270 pages) being reports running from 1759
to 1765, made by and to Col. Henry Bouquet, at that time command-
ing British forces in Canada and the Northwest.
The Haldimand papers (400 pages), being official reports of every
name and nature, including military, civil, and Indian affairs relating
to Michigan and the Northwest, from 1773 to 178 L, made by and to
the British officials connected with the Canadian government.
The committee would call attention to the following as of particular
interest and value:
"Copy of a Representation of the Lords' Commissioners for Trade
and Plantations to the King, upon the State of His Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations on the Continent of North America. Dated September
8, 1721." Page 1.
This report covers 13 pages and is very comprehensive, relating as
it does to the entire country east of the Mississippi; and treating of
the intercourse and relations of the French and English with each
other, with the Indians, and with the colonies.
REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS. 27
The letter of "Thomas Gage, on the French in Lower Canada,
dated March 20, 1762," will be found to be of interest. Page 14. As
also the
"List and account of the posts where trade with the Savages was
carried on in the Upper Country. March 20, 1762."
These posts were situated on both the north and south shores of
Lake Superior, at Sault Ste. Marie, on Lake Huron, Lake Michigan,
on the St. Joseph, Wabash, and Miamis rivers, and at Mackinaw and
Detroit.
BOUQUET PAPERS.
On page 29 of this volume, in the Bouquet papers, is a copy of a
letter from Pierre Francois Vaudreuil, announcing the surrender of
Montreal by the French to Gen. Amherst on the 8th of February, 1760.
On pages 212 to 219 inclusive is the copy of a letter from James
MacDonald to Col. Henry Bouquet, dated Detroit, July 12. 1763, giving
a detailed account of Pondiac's attack on Detroit and its defense by
Major Gladwin.
Ensign John Cristie to Col. Henry Bouquet, l()th July, 1763. Attack
upon and capture of Presque Isle by the Indians. Pages 209-10.
Col. Henry Bouquet to Gen. Jeffrey Amherst, 5th August, 1763, and
also 6th August. Battle at Edge Hill and Bushy Run, twenty-six
miles from Fort Pitt; sixty killed or wounded. Pages 219-23.
Gen. Thomas Gage succeeds Sir Jeffrey Amherst in command of
British forces, 18th November, 1763. Pages 243-4.
Distances from Fort Pitt to Wakatamicke and lower Shawanese
towns, and names of fourteen Delaware and Shawanese towns. Page 260.
Col. Henry Bouquet to Gen. Thomas Gage. Camp at the forks of
the Muskingham, 15th Nov., 1764; Fort Pitt, Nov. 30, 1764. Relative
to treaties with the Delawares, Shawanese, Mingoes, Mohikons,
Wyandots, and Twighwees. Pages 279-95.
HALDIMAND PAPERS.
In the Haldimand papers, 'pages 296 to 299, is a letter from Major
Henry Basset to Gen. Frederick Haldimand, dated Detroit, 29th April,
1773, giving a description of the station; also 21st May and 4th June,
1773, to Gen. Thos. Gage. Relative to murders by Indians at Saginagh
and St. Joseph. Pages 300-1.
Capt. John Vattas to Gen. Haldimand, Michilimacinac, June 16,
1773. Indian trade with the Spaniards on the Mississippi. Page 302.
28 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Speech in Indian council at Detroit, 18th August, 1773; Miamis
and Hurons. Pages 308-10.
Trade in the Lake Superior country in 1778. Pages 337 to 340.
Transportation of goods to the Upper Country\in 1778. Muster roll of
officers, carpenters, blacksmiths, employed in ship yard, Detroit, 1777-8.
Page" 344.
St. Joseph's, 15th Sept., 1778. Louis Chevallier to Major Depeyster,
commandant at Michillimackinac. Relative to Kikapous, Sakis, and
other Indian Tribes. Page 352.
Observations necessary for Capt. Brehm to make on his route
between Lachine and Detroit. The instructions for observations
number forty-nine. Page 389.
Gen. Haldimand's speech to the Indians resorting to Michillimakinac
and its vicinity, 2d July, 1779. Pages 444-46.
Petition of 36 merchants of Detroit to Gen. Haldimand, 5th January,
1780. Pages 492-3.
Charles Grant to Gen. Haldimand, 24th April, 1780, " Concerning
the Trade carried on between the Merchantile people of this Province
and the savages of the Upper Countries. Pages 508-12.
Attack and capture of Fort Liberty and three other forts by the
British and Indians, June 24, 1780. Eeport of Capt. Henry Bird^
from Ohio, opposite Licking Creek, July 1st, 1780. Pages 538-9 and
541-3.
Major Arent S. De Peyster to Col. Mason Bolton, Detroit, Aug. 4,
1780.
Arrival of Capt. Bird with about 150 prisoners (Germans who speak
English) of 350 taken in the forts near the Ohio yi June. Page 553.
"Memorial of John Macomb, late of Hosack, in the County of
Albany, province of New York, sheweth, that your memorialist in
conjunction with his son-in-law, Lieut. Francis Pfister, deceased,
engaged for His Majesty's Service upwards of five hundred effective
men, that three hundred and eighteen did actually join General Bur-
goyne's Army, at the head of which on the fatal 16th day of August,
1777, at Bennington, Mr. Pfister was killed," etc., etc. Page 582.
Capture of St. Joseph's (on the river of that name) in December,
1780. Page 591.
Indian speeches, Piankishaws, Ouiatanons, Miamis. Pages 593-7.
Indian deed for the Island of Mackinac, by Ritchie Negon or Grand
Sable, Pouanas, Koupe, and Magousseihigan, in behalf of ourselves
and all others of our Nation the Chippewas, * * * do surrender
and yield up into the hands of Lieut. Governor Sinclair for the Behalf
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OP HISTORIANS. 29
and use of His Majesty, George the Third, of Great Britain * * *
forever the Island of Michilimackinac, or as it is called by the
Canadians La Grosse Isle (situate in that Strait which joins Lakes
Huron and Michigan), etc., etc. Pages 633-4.
VOLUME TWENTY.
The 20th volume contains 700 pages, of which 800 are copies of the
Haldimand papers from 1782 to 1789, and there are 400 pages relating
to Indian affairs in Michigan and the Northwest, from 1761 to 1800.
In it will be found the following maps which are of interest a&
showing the state of the country at that early day, with the r6ute of
the march of the army of Gen. Anthony Wayne from Fort Washing-
ton on the Ohio river, by the way Fort Hamilton, Fort St. Clair T
Fort Jefferson and Fort Recovery, to the foot of the rapids on the
Miami (Maumee) river, where the battle of August 20, 1794, was
fought.
Map of the Miamis of the Lake (Maumee River). Page 368.
Map of the Miamis Country, showing the line of Forts along Gen.
Wayne's march. Page 369.
Map of the Battle Field of August- 20, 1794. Page 370.
Map of Entrance to Detroit river, showing Fort Maiden at
Amherstburg, 1796.- Page 513.
HALDIMAND PAPERS.
The Haldimand papers in volume 20 have on pages 18 to 24, "Return
of Prisoners of War sent from Detroit May 16, 1782," all taken by
Indians, with other information, pages 25 to 35, of a somewhat
indefinite account of the massacre of- the forces under Col. Crawford
in June 1782, by the Indians, with the death by torture of Col.
Crawford and two captains who had been taken prisoners.
Maj. Arent S. De Peyster to Alexander McKee, Detroit, August
6, 1782:
"That the Shawanese and Delawares push their relation to great
lengths by putting all their Prisoners to Death, whereby if they are
not prevented they will throw an odium upon their Friends the
English as well as prevent their Father from receiving the necessary
Intelligence of the Enemy's motions so essential to carry on the service
for their mutual Interest." Pages 37-8.
On pages 49, 50, 51, is a letter from Capt. Alexander McKee to
Major Arent S. DePeyster, from Shawanese Country, August 28th y
30 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
1782, giving an account of the battle of Blue Licks, Kentucky, in
which he states, " On the 20th reached the Blue Licks, where we
encamped, * * * expecting the Enemy would pursue, determined
here to wait for 'em, keeping spies at the Lick, who on the morning
of the 21st discovered them, and at half past seven o'clock we engaged
them, and totally defeated them in a short time. We were not much
superior to them in numbers, they being about 200 picked men from
the Settlement of Kentucky, commanded by Colonels Todd, Trigg,
Boone, and Todd, with the Majors Harlin and McGeary, most of
whom fell in the action. From the best inquiry I could make on the
spot there were upwards of 140 killed or taken, with near 100 rifles.
* * * We had ten Indians killed with Mr. La Bute, of the Indian
Department, who by sparing the life of one of the Enemy and endeavor-
ing to take him Prisoner lost his own." * * *
On pages 117 to 121 will be found a very interesting letter from
Gen. Allan Maclean, stating that the Indians were very indignant at
what they understand to be the terms of the treaty of peace between
Englan4 and the states. *' The Indians from the surmises they have
heard of the Boundaries, look upon our conduct to them as treacher-
ous and cruel; they told me they never could believe that our King
could pretend to cede to America what was not his own to give, or
that the Americans would accept from him what he had no right to
grant. * * * That the Indians were a free People subject to no
power upon earth. That they were the faithful Allies of the King of
England, but not his subjects. That he had no right whatever to grant
away to the states of America their rights or properties, * * * and
they would not submit to it. * ' * * That if the English had
basely betrayed them by pretending to give up their Country to the
Americans without their consent, or consulting them, it was an act
of cruelty and injustice that Christians only were capable of doing,
that the Indians were incapable of acting so; to friends or Allies, but
that they did not believe we had sold and betrayed them." * * *
" Mr. Ball * * is a poor old Moravian, * * * that his son and
daughter had been put to death in the massacre of the Moravian
Indians at Fort Pitt by Col. Davidson, and that all those left alive, of
these very unfortunate People, are now settled about twenty miles
beyond Detroit, and their clergymen have joined them, and that he,
old Ball, and his companion also a moravian, wish to go and remain
in peace with their Friends and Brethren. * * * Col. Butler
assures me, about 200 of the Indians and Moravians deserted from
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS. 31
about Bethlem after the massacre at Fort Pitt, and are settled at about
20 or 30 miles beyond Detroit." * * * Page 127.
"Inventory of Indian Councils held at Detroit. Camp at Wyattate-
nong; St Dusky; Fort Pitt; Chicagou; Shawanese Village; Upper
Shawanese; St Joseph's, from June 14, 1778 to July 1783." Thirty
Councils in number, with an interesting "Purport of Proceedings,"
the same being a brief of the action of each Council. Pages 133-5.
"Minutes of Transaction with Indians at Sandusky; from August
26th to Sept 8, 1783" relative to the terms and conditions of the
Treaty of Peace between Great Britian and the States in its bearing
upon the various tribes of Indians and the Indian country.
" At a Council held at Lower Sandusky the 6th September 1783.
* * * Present Alex. McKee Esq. Depy. Agent; Capt. Chesne,
Ottawa & Chippewa Intr; Capt. M. Elliot; Lieut. W. Johnson; Simon
Girty, Interpreter; Capt. Joseph Brant with a Deputation from the Six
Nations; T'Sindatton with a Deputation of the Lake Indians from
Detroit." Pages 174-83.
" Memorial of Geo McDougall relative to Hog Island " to be
restored to the Heirs of the former proprietor. Page 189.
"Indian Deed to Jacob Schieffelin" "of seven miles in front and
seven miles in Depth * * * on the south side of Detroit, and
directly opposite the Island commonly called Isle au Bois Blanc" &c
&c. Pages 193-5.
"List of Officers in the Indian Department at Detroit." Page 213.
On pages 219 to 222 is a very interesting letter dated 19th April
1784 relative to the "Ambiguous Sence of the late Treaty of Peace;
respecting the Line of Boundary between this Province and the
United States, from Lake Superior to the Westward; * * * there
is no such Thing as a Long Lake, as expressed in the Treaty, the
only communication from Lake Superior is by * * * the Grand
Portage, which leads to a very small Eiver on the West side that
derives its source from an adjacent Lake, and from thence to the
extent of Lake La pluie about one Hundred Leagues * * *
If ever this country see the fatal moment of giving up the Upper
Posts, * * permit me to give you my opinion, which may be of
some use, until a survey is made. * * * That is to have a Post so
as to command the entrance into Lake Superior, either below the Falls
of St Mary's or above them, with regard to the former I cannot point
out any particular spot suitable for the purpose, but with respect to
the latter I can speak with some certainty I mean the place called
Point Aux Pins where Mr Baxter who was sent out from England
32 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
some years ago in search for Copper Mines fixed his residence. It is
situated on the East side about two Leagues above the Falls on a
narrow channel that commands in the most effectual manner the
entrance into Lake Superior, it has the advantage of a fine Bason
formed by the Point where Vessels lay in deep water within a few
yards of the shore equally secure in Winter as in Summer."
On May 6, 1784, Gen. Haldimand writes to Capt. Eobertson relative
to the selection of sites for Post on the Canadian side of the line,
from which the following is an extract:
"There is no situation where one will be more necessary than at the
Entrance of Lake Superior I wish to have early Information and to
take measures for that purpose so as to have a small Garrison and
Settlement established there on the shortest notice. Point aux Pins r
about two leagues above the Falls of St. Mary's, appears by the map,
and from Information I have received to be the fittest place, to sit
down upon, it was formerly occupied by a Mr. Baxter, a Partner and
Agent of a Company engaged in the Copper Mines. * * * I wish to
have your opinion of any other that may strike you as more favorable
for the intended purpose. I am just informed * * * that a place
called La Traverse, about fifteen leagues from Michilimackinac is a
very proper situation for the post I wish to take." * Pages
226-7.
Gen. Haldimand's policy of delay in retaining possession of the
Upper Posts, Nov 14, 1784. Page 269.
List of Upper Posts prior to the war of the Revolution, page 272.
Names of Traders to the Upper Country, pages 279-80.
At the close of the Haldimand papers on pages 296-9 is a sketch of
the life of Col. Arent Scuyler De Peyster, with a copy of verses by
Robert Burns "On the occasion of Col. De Peyster's sending to make
some kind inquiries about his health, Burns replied in rhyme."
" He died as full of honors as of years, having held the king's
commission upward of 77 years, and being probably at the time the
oldest officer in the service."
He was born in New York 27th June 1786, and died at Dumfries,
Scotland, in Nov., 1832.
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Of the papers relating to "Indian Affairs," while all are worthy of
recording we would call attention to the following:
List, Location and Number of Indians; with the part of the North
West in which Each Nation is located. 1789 Pages 305-7.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OP HISTORIANS. 33
The Tete de Boule Indians of Gens de Terre about 600 men.
Lake Nipisiii Indians.
Fond du Lac Huron Indians are the Missisageys; Chipways and
Matchidash about 500 men.
Detroit Indians Hurons, 150; Ottawas, 100; Poudew, 150.
Miamis River Indians of the Twightwee Nation, 200; Onyaghtannas
100; St. Vincent, 50.
The Big Island Indians, the Chippway Nation, about 150; Ottawa
Nation, about 300; Poudowadamy Nation, about 300; Sacks and Renards,
about 200; Oyaway, about 400; Chippay, Sault St Marie, about 130;
Chippway, Lake Superior, South side, about 150, Shagwamigon, about
500; West End Lake Superior Indians, Chippway, about 50, a parcel
of Robbers; Caministicouya Indians in the Was Nation, a sort of
Chippway p, about 150; Lake Nipicon Indians, Was6 Nation, about 300;
Mishipicoton Indians, North Side Lake Superior, Maskas, about 500;
Lake La Plui Indians, Christino Nation, 80 leagues from Lake
Superior, about 300.
Col. Alexander McKee's speech to the following Nations of Indians
at the foot of the Miamis Rapids, 1st July 1791: Mohawks, Hurons,
Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawatamies, Miamis, Shawanese, Munseys, Min-
goes, Connoys, Moheekins, Nantikokes, Moravians. Pages 310-11.
Indians to Gen. Washington. Pages 314-15.
Information Relative to the Army of Gen. Wayne. Point Aux
Chene, Miamis River 26th Nov. 1793. Pages 323-4.
Col. Alex. McKee to Joseph Chew. Same subject 1st Feby 1794
Pages 325-6.
Indian Speeches at Miamis Rapids May 7, 1794, at a Council, to
the Wyandots, Ottawas, Mingoes & Munseys. Pages 347-50.
Indian Speech, relative to the advance of Gen. Wayne's Army. At
the foot of the Rapids of the Miamis. 25th May 1794, to the Wyan-
dots, Ottawas, Chippewas, and Poutawatamies. Pages 354-5.
Col. Alexander McKee to Joseph Chew 30 May 1794. Same subject.
Pages 355-6.
Col. McKee, 2d June 1794. Relative to the force of Gen. Wayne's
Army. Indians collecting in force Pages 356-7. '
Battle near Fort Recovery 30 June 1794. Pages 364-8.
u The Indians by attempting the Fort after Defeating Capt. Gibson's
party met with a Repulse and some loss."
Gen. Anthony Wayne's defeat of the Indians, on the Miamis River
on the 20th of August, 1794.
34 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
" Major John H. Buell congratulates the Federal Army upon their
Brilliant success in the action of the 20th Inst. against the whole
combined force of the hostile Savages, aided by the British Post
and Garrison close in their rear, beyond which the fugitives
fled, with disorder, precipitation, and dismay, leaving their packs,
provisions and plunder in their encampment in the rear of that post.
* * * their Villages and Cornfields being consumed in every direction,
even under the influence of the guns of Fort Miamis, facts, which
must produce a conviction in the minds of the Savages that the
British have neither the power or Inclination to afford them that
protection which they had been taught to expect," <fec &c. * * *
- Pages 369-70.
Capt. Alexander McKee to Joseph Chew. Camp Near Fort Miamis
27th Augt. 1794. Account of Battle of Indians with Army of Gen.
Wayne August 20th, 1794, at the foot of the Miamis Rapids. Pages
370-1.
Joseph Chew to Thomas Aston Coffin. 5 Jan'y 1795. Relative to
purchase of lands by Indians. Sir William Johnson's methods. PagevS
387-8.
"Articles of Peace between Gen. Anthony Wayne, and the Indians"
Shawanoes, Delawares and Miamis. Pages 393-4.
" A Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the
Tribe of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawoerioes, Ottawas,
Chippewas, Putawatames, Miamis, Eel River, Weeas and Kickapoos."
Signed by Gen. Anthony Wayne, and seventy Chiefs of the Tribes
named. Pages 410-19.
" Substance of a talk held at Amherstburg this day, June 30. 1797,
between The Black Beard, Capt. Johnny, The Borrer, and the Buffaloe,
four principal Chiefs and Warriors' of the Shawonoes, on the part of
their Nation, and Captain William Mayne, Commandant at Amherst-
burg." Pages 519-21.
Island of St. Joseph, 19 th October, 1797. "At a Council held with
the Chiefs and Young Men of both Villages, of Arbre Croche Captain
Drummond speaks to them Ottawas Tribes. The Chiefs answer by
Nibinassay." Page 560.
Return of Indian settlers at the Chenail Ecarte and Harsen's Island
48 men, 61 women and 58 children 167 persons Oct. 26, 1797.
Page 564.
Report of a Board of Survey, at the Island of St. Joseph, of sundry
stores, 1st June, 1798. Pages 604-6.
REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE OF HISTORIANS. 35
Number of Ottawa and Chippewa settlers at Chenail Ecarte, July,
1798. Pages 617 and 641-2.
"Information given by a Western Indian who returned from Detroit
30th January, 1799, where he had, been sent for the purpose of getting
intelligence of what the Indians to the Westward were doing." Pages
627-8.
Duke of Portland to Lieut. Gen. Hunter, Whitehall, 4th October,
1799. Extract: " Whatever credit is to be given Brandt for his loyalty
and attachment to this country (upon which I am not inclined to
place any great reliance) it is unquestionably evident that he omits no
opportunity of consolidating the Indian Interest with a view to form an
Indian Confederacy, and to place himself at the head of it than which
nothing can be more directly contrary to our interests, and to the
Line of conduct which his Majesty's Governors in Canada have been
directed to pursue in keeping those Interests and concerns as separate
and disunited as possible." * * * Pages 663-7.
The committee give these extracts to show the importance of the
work of the society in a historical point of view of having, as is given
in the "Collections," the official reports of the English officers and
Indian agents, for comparison with the statements, official and other-
wise, upon which the current history is founded, of that struggle for
supremacy in the then Indian country west of the Alleghanies and the
Great Lakes.
The committee have yet unpublished a large quantity of manuscript,
obtained from the same source, which it hopes to be able to print in
the " Collections " in the near future and which is of like historical
value.
None of the matter copied at Ottawa for this society, and published
in its " Collections," has ever been copied from the original manuscripts
and published by any other society.
The legislature of this State at its present session has made the
usual appropriation for 1893 and 1894, to enable this society to
continue its work, and the committee hope to be able to publish at
least two volumes of the "Collections" (volumes 21 and 22), before
the next annual meeting of this society.
The committee would again urge upon all its members, and upon
the officers and members of all county and local societies, the contri-
bution to this society of the pioneer history of individuals, of town-
ships, and of the counties of this State.
36 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
All such material for history will be preserved by the society and
published in its "Collections."
MICHAEL SHOEMAKER, Chairman, Jackson,
JOHN H. FOR^TER, Williamston ,
HENRY H. HOLT, Muskegon,
FREDERICK CARLISLE, Detroit.
REPORT OF THE MEMORIAL COMMITTEE.
ALLEGAN COUNTY.
BY DON C. HENDERSON.
JOEL BATCHELOR. Joel Batchelor died in Gun Plain, July 18, 1892,
He was born in Orange, Mass., April 28, 1804, and came to Michigan
in 1837, settling in Gun Plain and engaging in mercantile business
until about 1848, when he married Miss Alzina L. Crittenden, Feb-
ruary 14 of that year, who survives him. He then turned his attention
to farming for a few years. About this period he was elected justice
of the peace, and in 1845 or 1846, he had the first contract for
carrying the mail from Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids, and carried the
first mail through on horseback. In 1849 he went into the cabinet-
making business in Otsego for a short time, but finally went back to
Gun Plain in 1853 and again settled on a farm, where he remained
until his death. Mr. Batchelor had four children Irving J., now
living near Lowell, Mich.; Alia L., deceased; Frank M., now living in
Portland, Oregon; and Edward C., now living on the old homestead.
Mr. Batchelor had a kindly disposition and courteous manner. He
was honored and respected by all who knew him. His age was 88
years, 2 months, and 20 days.
MBS. BETSEY FISK. Mrs Betsey Fisk died at Allegan, July 7, 1892.
Betsey Davis was born at Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y.. September
22, 1810. The family moved to \Villiamson, Wayne Co., N. Y., when she
was a girl, where she married Joseph Fisk, January 12, 1832. They cam&
MEMORIAL REPORT ALLEGAN COUNTY. 37
to Michigan in 1834, stopping first at Marengo, Calhoun Co., coming
to Allegan in March, 1835. She was the mother of the first white
child born in Allegan (William Allegan Fisk), in October, 1835, but
who died in infancy. She taught school several terms in New York,
previous to her marriage. Allegan was always her home, and she
resided here from the time of its first settlement, except nine years, from
about 1853 to 1862. when the family lived in Chicago. They lived
happily together over 52 years. She was an exemplary member of the
Baptist church over 60 years. Aunt Betsey, as she was called by all
the old settlers, won and retained the affection and esteem of all with
whom she came in contact. She was aunt to everyone and was really
the kind friend to everyone whom she met. Her kindly hospitality
seemed to know no bounds, and she would not willingly listen to
disparaging remarks about anyone, covering the faults of all with the
broad mantle of Christian charity. Not only her children, but all who
knew her, "rise up and call her blessed." Her age was 81 years, 9
months, and 15 days.
ALBY BOSSMAN. Our community was greatly shocked on May 6,
1893, to learn of the death of our highly respected citizen, Alby
Bossman, who departed this life at his residence in Allegan. In
business he was a man of the strictest integrity; in politics a stalwart
and uncompromising democrat of the school of Cass and Douglas, and
in religion, a liberalist. Aurelius, Cayuga county, N. Y., was the place
of his birth, June 14, 1812. George Bossman, father of the deceased,
was a native of the state of New York, and his wife, Mary Wood
Bossman, was of Connecticut origin. Mr. Bossman's father was a
soldier of the revolution and by profession both a farmer and mechanic,
removing to Ohio where his wife died in Madison county. His father
returned to New York state and died at Morris, Otsego county. His
son, Alby Bossman, the subject of this sketch, was but eight years old
when he made his home with a sister at Springville, N. Y., where he
remained but one year. After this he went to Auburn, N. Y., and was
there apprenticed to a mechanic's trade where he showed much
ingenuity, and worked in a furnace and machine shop for three years.
He continued his trade as a journeyman until 1836, when he proceeded
to Marshall, Mich., where he remained for about six months, during
which time he ran* a foundry and cast the first plow made in Michigan.
Mr. Bossman in the same year (1836), came to Allegan where he
started the first furnace ever erected here and made the first sled in
our county. Later Mr. Bossman added a machine shop to his works
38 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
and for nearly thirty years successfully operated and carried on these
iron works, accumulating a handsome property, giving employment in
these years to a large number of first class mechanics. He built in
1838 the boiler and engine for the first steamer built in Allegan and
the first that ever run on the Kalamazoo river. This steamer was
named after C. C. Trowbridge, of Detroit, who was a large stockholder
in the Boston company that founded Allegan village. When he first
came to Allegan lumbering was the principal occupation followed here
and Mr. Kossman's business prospered with the village's growth. For
many years Mr. Rossman's foundry was the only one in our county.
In those early days Mr. Rossman was associated with the late Hyman
Hoxie who subsequently went to Chicago and died there. Mr. Rossman
retired from active business some years ago but continued to improve
his property in our village and vicinity, erecting an elegant residence
for himself and several stores. He was one of the company who built
the beautiful Chaff ee block, one of the finest structures in this or any
other village of our State. In 1869 he was burned out and suffered a
severe loss of property. In the same year he removed to his farm
which he had laid out into village lots, known as " Rossman's
addition." Mr. Rossman filled with honor several responsible township
and village offices such as justice of the peace, village trustee, marshal,
and superintendent of the village water works. Mr. Rossman was first
married in 1832 to Miss Angeline Dickinson, who died in 1848 leaving
two children, William George Rossman, who was married to Miss
Elizabeth Newcomb, of Ganges, and died January, 1889, leaving one
daughter, JCate E., who has resided with her grandparents ever since
her father's death. Miss Mary A. Rossman, the other child of the-
deceased, was married to Capt. Frederick Hart, with whom she resided
in Adrian till 1877, when he died. Mrs. Hart has lived at her^father's-
mansion ever since. The deceased, Alby Rossman, had a second wife,
Mrs. Electa Dickinson, who has one child (now Mrs. Henry C. Smith).
Mrs. Rossman has three grandchildren. Dr. Charles H. Smith, of
Chattanooga, Tenn., Mrs. G. H. Buchanan, of this village, and
Glenn D. Smith, of Springfield, Ohio.
We have thus given a somewhat extended notice of a man who was-
a walking landmark of our county's history and progress, a pillar of
integrity and probity in all the walks of life, one who had contributed
liberally for many years past toward churches, school houses, and all
other good purposes. This patriarch will be greatly missed by hia
numerous friends and neighbors to whom he was always ready to
MEMORIAL REPORT- BARRY COUNTY. 39
extend a kindly greeting and cheering word. Mr. Rossman was in
failing health for five or six months and seldom appeared in public.
But his neighbors frequently called upon him and cheered him up.
He sat in a chair on the porch of his residence and walked out in
his yard two or three times on the day of his death.
MRS. ELIZA WILCOX. Mrs. Eliza Wilcox died in Trowbridge, June
5. 1892. Miss Eliza McMahon was born in Ireland, May 11, 1826,
and came to America with her parents when quite young, settling in
Livingston Co., N. Y., where she grew to womanhood. She married a
Mr. Reynolds and moved to Ganges in 1855, where he died. Some-
time in the 60's she married G. B. Wilcox in Monterey, and they
finally settled on the farm in Trowbridge where she died. She was a
kind and sympathetic friend and neighbor and her life was above
reproach. Her age was 66 years and 24 days.
BARRY COUNTY.
BY DANIEL STRIKER.
MRS. JOHN TINKLER. Martha Tinkler, wife of John Tinkler, died at
Hastings, June 4, 1892, aged 53 years. Reside at of Hastings in Barry
Co. for 40 years.
MRS. JAMES SWIN. Mrs. Olive Swin, widow of James Swin, died at
Hastings, June 17, 1892, aged 82 years. Resided in Barry county 45
years, and came from Ohio to Johnstown in 1847.
MRS. IRA PENNOCK. Esther Pennock, widow of Ira Pennock, died at
the town of Barry in Barry county, June 19, 1892, aged 62 years.
Had resided in Barry county for 56 years.
DAVID M. LAKE. David M. Lake, died at Hastings July 17, 1892 r
aged 89 years. Former residence Ohio, resided here 30 years.
MRS. THOMAS HENRY. Bridget Henry, wife of Thomas Henry, died
at Rutland. Barry county, August 8, 1892, a native of Ireland, aged
68 years. Resided in Barry county 38 years.
JAMES N. HAWTHORNE. James N. Hawthorne died in Orangeville,
40 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Barry county, August 28, 1892, aged 76 years. Resided in Barry
county 46 years; a native of the state of Maine.
SEBASTIAN KAISER. Sebastian Kaiser died in Baltimore, this county,
August 31, 1892, aged 72 years. Resided in this county 40 years. A
German.
MRS. MALVINA P. MCLELLAN. Malvina P. McLellan, widow, died
at Allegan, September 8, 1892 (while visiting her daughter), a resident
of Hastings, aged 67 years. One of the earliest pioneers; married here
in 1844; resided here 52 years. Her maiden name was Alden.
RICHARD JONES. Richard Jones, one of the early pioneers of Assyria,
died at Battle Creek, where he had resided a short time, September,
1892, aged 87 years. Resident since 1848; was a member of the legis-
lature in 1867, an able farmer. His remains were buried at Assyria.
HENRY I. BARNUM. Henry I. Barnum died at Nashville (being
injured while attempting to board the train), October, 1892, aged 67
years. Resident of this county for the past 47 years; from New York.
FRANCES PECK. Frances Peck died at Carlton, October 13, 1892.
Resident of Barry county for 46 years, and of the State 55 years;
aged 84 years.
MRS. DAVID L. HOES. Mrs. Miranda Hoes, wife of David L., died
at Rutland, November 6, 1892. Resident 45 years.
MRS. ALLEN JONES. Hannah M. Jones, wife of Allen Jones, died at
Hastings, November 10, 1892. Native of Tiffin, Ohio; aged 56 years;
resident here 46 years.
MRS. CHARLOTTE GRAW. Mrs. Charlotte Graw, died at the home of
her daughter, Mrs. Richard Murray, at Baltimore, December 1, 1892,
aged 92 years; a native of New York. Had resided in Kent and Barry
counties for the past 56 years.
MRS. CAROLINE WARNER. Mrs. Caroline Warner, widow, died January
3, 1893, aged 64 years. A resident of this State 56 years.
MARY J. WILLIAMS. Mary J. Williams, formerly Sidmore, died Jan-
uary 10, 1893, aged 67 years. Resident of this State and county 41 years.
JOSEPH SHORES. Joseph Shores (known as uncle), died at Wood-
land, January 20, 1893, aged 94 years. Been married 62 years; one
of the oldest residents and early marriages.
MEMORIAL REPORT BARRY COUNTY. 41
IRA VIRGIL. Ira Virgil, died at Hastings, January 28, 1893, aged 88
years. Resident of the county for 40 years.
CHARLES BUHLER. Charles Buhler, whose residence was at Irving
in this county, died at Woodland (while on a visit at his daughter's),
July 18, 1893, aged 81 years. Resident 40 years.
MARY E. BABCOCK. Mary E. Babcock, died at Baltimore, July 22,
1893, aged 79 years. Resident 41 years.
IRA STOWELL. Ira Stowell, died at Woodland, February 26, 1893,
aged 73 years. Resident 38 years.
MRS. J. M. RUSSELL. Mrs. J. M. Russell, widow of Dr. Russell,
died at Hastings, March 10, 1893, aged 79 years. Resident 38 years.
MRS. WM. EATON. Hannah Eaton, widow of William Eaton, died
at Baltimore, March 11, 1893, aged 92 years. Resident 40 years.
DANIEL FIFIELD. Daniel Fifield, died at Hastings, March 21, 1893,
aged 92 years. Resident 49 years.
MRS. I. N. KEELER. Mrs. I. N. Keeler, of Middleville, died March
26, 1893, aged 61 years. Resident 43 years.
JAMES MCK.ELVEY. James McKelvey, of Nashville, died April 12,
1893, aged 84 years. Resident 38 years.
MRS. OWEN HUGHES. Mrs. Owen Hughes, of Prairieville, died April
5, 1893, aged 63 years. Resident 42 years.
DAVID L. HOES. David L. Hoes, of Rutland, died April 14, 1893,
aged 73 years. Resident 45 years.
WM. WILLISON. William Willison, of Barry, died April 28, 1893 r
aged 74 years. Resident 56 years.
MRS. FLAVIA VAN DEWALKER. Mrs. Flavia Van Dewalker, died April
15, 1893, aged 69 years. Resident 57 years. . Adopted daughter of
"Yankee Lewis."
A. J. PALMERTON. A. J. Palmerton, of Woodland, died suddenly
May 7, 1893, aged 66 years. Resident 45 years.
ARNOLD SISSON. Arnold Sisson, of Hastings, died May 12, 1893,
aged 69 years. Resident 39 years.
6
42 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
EGBERT CABLTON. Kobert Carlton, of Hastings, died May 12, 1893,
aged 74 years. Resident 50 years.
MRS. CAROLINE NAGLER. Mrs. Caroline Nagler, of Irving, died May
17, 1893, aged 67 years. Resident 34 years.
Between 60 and 70 years of age, 11.
Between 70 and 80 years of age, 9.
Between 80 and 90 years of age, 6.
Above 90 years of age, 5; the oldest was 94 4 being 92.
The longest residence in county, 57 years.
BAY COUNTY.
BY WM. MC COBMICK.
Mrs. Orrin Bump died May 8, 1893, in Bay City.
GEORGE LORD. George Lord, the pioneer resident of Bay City r
died April 30, 1893, at his home, 922 Harrison street. He had been
ill for a long time and the end was hastened by his extreme age.
George Lord was born in Madison county, New York, March 17,
1815. He came to Bay City in 1854 and engaged in the lumbering
business. A short time afterward, in company with J. P. Whittemore,
he built the Keystone mill in what is now known as the first ward of
West Bay City. After operating it for five years he sold it and
entered the drug business at the corner of Center avenue and Water
street. He continued there until the fire in 1865, when he was burned
out. He immediately opened up another store, but sold out in a few
days and entered the insurance business. He was also ticket agent of
the Michigan Central, but most of his time from then on was devoted
to his insurance affairs. Politically he was a democrat, and served the
people in many different positions during his residence here. He was
mayor of the city for one term and comptroller for five terms. He
.was also supervisor, justice of the peace and alderman at different
times, and owes many friends to the honest and straightforward course
always pursued by him, both in business and politics.
In 1840, Mr. Lord married Miss C. D. Fay in Hamilton. Three
MEMORIAL REPORT BRANCH COUNTY. 43
children were the result of the union, which proved to be a very
happy one. They are Mrs. H. W. Jennison and Wm. H. Lord, of Bay
City, and Fred H. Lord, of Chicago.
BRANCH COUNTY.
BY HARVEY HAYNES.
WILLIAM ALGER. William "Alger died at his home in Mattison on
March 20, 1893, of heart failure, at the age of 76 years. Mr. Alger
was born in James, Seneca county, New York, July 4, 1816. He came
to Branch county in 1836 and settled in Quincy. He was married to
Miss Orpha Darwin in December, 1838, and moved into Butler,
subsequently removing to Mattison which has since been his home.
He was one of the hard working pioneers, carrying out the command
of God to "subdue the earth and have dominion over it." Perhaps
no one man has done more to clear up Branch county than the
deceased. He leaves a wife and nine living children (his oldest son
having died in the Union army) to mourn the loss of a kind husband
and father.
Mr. Alger was the eighth in descent from Thomas Alger, who settled
in Mass., in 1638.
EPHRAIM A. KNOWLTON. Ephraim A. Knowlton died at his home
in Coldwater, March 14, 1893. at the age of 80. Mr. Knowlton was
born in Cape Ann, Mass., December 25, 1813. While an infant his
parents removed to Vermont and here it was that he was reared
to manhood. In June, 1834, he was married to Miss Jane Alvord and
together they immigrated to the west, first settling in Ohio in 1844.
Ohio was a new country then and the vast territory west was then
unexplored, but nothing daunted, Mr. Knowlton and family moved farther
west and settled in our then insignificant little burg in 1856. He was
a cabinetmaker by trade and established and successfully conducted
what was a pioneer institution in the west the planing mill, sash and
blind factory on west Chicago street, Coldwater, now owned by Ball
Bros. In 1862 his first wife died. Four children were born to them
of whom only one, Mrs. F. D. Marsh of Coldwater, is a survivor.
In 1864 he retired from the manufacturing business and purchased
44 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
a farm on Marshall street where he resided until 1884 when he removed
to his present suburban home of sixty acres on east Chicago street. In
1865 he was again married, Mahala Halstead Fisk being chosen as his
second bride and she survives him.
Coldwater was a small, unpretentious place when Mr. Knowlton first
came there and he was identified with most of its early strug-
gles for existence and growth. He has been an active and energetic
worker, and it is only within the past two or three years that he has
been obliged to give up the harder duties. The remains of this
staunch Christian man were interred in Oak Grove cemetery where so
many of our early pioneers now lie and yet are not forgotten.
LORENZO A. ROSE. Lorenzo A. Rose died at his home in the village
of Bronson, March 13, 1893, the immediate cause being a fall on the
ice a few weeks before, though his health had not been robust for some
time. Born October 25, 1822, in Cambria, Niagara county, N. Y., he
came with his parents to Bronson in 1835, where he has since resided,
identifying himself closely with the interests of Branch county, and
especially with those of Bronson. While Mr. Rose was not an
educated man so far as books were concerned, yet he was possessed of
a great fund of general information, always observant and fond of
reading, he combined the essential qualities that go to make up a good
citizen to an unusual degree. He was a railroad contractor, helping
to construct several important lines, among them a section of the
Grand Rapids & Indiana from Walton to Traverse City; built a part
of the M. C. & L. M. from Monteith to Gull Corners; built a line
from Petoskey to Long and Crooked Lakes, and also a line from
Petoskey to Mackiuac. Previous to this, in 1849, he entered the
employ of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad, ballasting
nearly all of the road between Bronson and Sturgis. In 1853 he
contracted with the government to deliver quite a number of head of
cattle purchased in Bronson to the Chippewa and Ottawa Indians at
Little Traverse. This was quite a hazardous undertaking at that time,
as the journey had to be made on foot, much of the way through pine
forests and in a sparsely settled country, with many streams to ford,
but it was safely accomplished in about six weeks. This was only one
of the many instances in his pioneer life where he had undertaken and
successfully accomplished hazardous and difficult undertakings. He
was three times postmaster of Bronson, the first time under Van
Buren, the second under Buchanan, and the third under Cleveland.
His first wife was Miss Amanda Weatherby, of Jackson, who died
MEMORIAL, REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY.
45
in Bronson in 1860, and who bore him two children, one still living
and a resident of Petoskey, the other dying when quite' young. His
second wife was Miss Mattie Dovendorf, who survives him, together
with four children, Lorenzo E. of Petoskey, Mrs. Byron Rich of Ovid,
Grace and Eddy. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, and always
occupied an enviable position as an upright, honorable man.
A. S. ROWELL. A. S. Rowell died at his home in Coldwater May 9,
1893, at the advanced age of 81. In his death Coldwater loses a
faithful citizen and an honest man.
A. S. Rowell was born in Penfield, N. Y., September 25, 1812, and
came west when a young man. Previous to residing in Coldwater he
made his home in Hillsdale, where he was at one time sheriff. He
afterward moved to White Pigeon and resided there a few years, after
which he made Coldwater his home and has since resided there.
He came to Coldwater forty years ago, and in 1847 was married to
Miss Eleanor Pratt, who died in January, 1892. To them were born
four children, only two of whom, Frank Rowell, of Buffalo, N. Y., and
Mrs. Stuart, of Coldwater, survive.
CALHOUN COUNTY.
BY JOHN F. HINMAN.
Name.
Residence.
Date of death.
Age.
James M Abell
Battle Creek
June 7, 1892
51
9
58
Penn field
10
68
Mrs Thomas Reardon
Battle Creek
19
64
Mrs. Maria Clute
Fredonia
28 1
75
John Welch
Albion
28
69
Mrs C P White
Pennfield
July 10
71
Isaac C. Mott
Battle Creek
27
68
John N. Farmer -
27
53
Hubert Sears *"
it it
27 ..I
55
Daniel Berger
it tt
30
67
Mrs. Henrietta Drier
Homer
26
64
Mrs. Cordelia Curtis...
Battle Creek...
August 3...
61
46
ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Name.
Residence.
Date of death.
Age,
Bedford
August 10
64
A J Noyes
Battle Creek
14
71
Pearl Codling
14
59
j 4
22
87
Michael Taffee
Homer
Sept. 20
81
Le Roy
20
9
Battle Creek
19...
85
John Pratt
Tekonsha
16...
89
Mrs Sophy Almon
Rice Creek
27...
73
JHeiiry Andrus ....
Battle Creek
25
78
.Henry Pierson -
Emmet
25
60
Smith Woolsey
Albion
24
15
E N Edmunds
Marshall .
October 4
80
Margaret Kedmond
Fredonia.
6...
90
James Ferguson
Battle Creek
20
70
Mrs. Louisa Goodwin
Marshall.....'
20
67
Mary J. Pringle
21
54
Mrs Clarissa Roberts
Le Roy
25
80
James Toole
Pennfield .
30...
77
Mrs. Clarissa Roberts
Battle Creek
24..
80
Horatio Perry
Clarendon
November 15
6->
John Howlett
Battle Creek
15
96
Mrs Henry Toss
Pennfield
25. ..
56
Alonzo Taylor
LeRoy
27
90
Cornelius Bogardns
Lee
2
Mrs. Nancy Nichols
Battle Creek
26
78
Miss Elizabeth Finlay
January6, 1893....
62
Mrs. John Potter
n
9....
70
Mrs. Barbery Erhman
Bedford
7....
79
Mrs- Susan Robinson
Battle Creek
22....
91
Wm. Laker, Sr.
Homer
19....
70
Manlius Mann
Marshall . . .
22....
8;i
David E. Fero
February 2
58
Mrs. Caroline Conkey
Tekonsha
5
78
Mrs. R. Sanley
Battle Creek
13
69
George Smith
Eckford
17
81
IraT. Butler
Battle Creek
19..
70
Mrs. Lorenzo R. Peebles
19
51
Nathan Rockwell
Athens
24
92
Mrs. Philanda Tenuey
Battle Creek . .
28
3?
Nathan Rogers
Pine Creek
25
92
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY.
47
Name.
Residence.
Date of death.
Age.
Mrs Rhoda Beardsley
Homer
March 1
70
Mrs. Joseph Cook
Battle Creek
20
57
Mrs Geo W Adams
Verona
21
62
Trnman W. Williams
Battle Creek
21
77
Marshall
23
72
Le Boy
25
73
John Beers
Albion
8
86
Miss Sarah W. Wheelock . .
Battle Creek
25
74
Mrs Ann J Kellogg
30
70
Andrew Her rick
Homer
April 1
79
Wm Watsoa
Tekonsha
5
82
Benjamin H. Crandall
Battle Creek
5 ..
70
Mrs. Margaret Sly
4
62
Mrs Elvira A Pike
Albion
9
66
John Spanlding
Homer
8
71
Rd<wn Hammond
Convis .__
12
79
Marvin Eggleston .. _
Battle Creek
13
76
Mrs John Spooner, Sr.
Newton
18
68
Dorastns Green, Jr.
Albion
17
72
Mrs. Esther Van Winkle .
Battle Creek
23
82
Wm. H. Green
t> it
26
78
Mrs. Ann L Lapham
4* 41
25
52
Mrs. Dr. A, 8. Johnson
ti
26
45
Mrs. Sarah L. Sackett
it U
26
76
Mrs. Helen Perry
Albion
11
65
Mrs. Susan A. Reynolds
Battle Creek
May 4
62
Mrs. Mary L. Fnller
7
69
Mrs. Mary I. Hinchman
H 4t
8
69
Mrs Mary C Thomason
Albion
15
55
James Hameston
Homer
9
77
Mrs. G. W. Dryer f
Marengo .
15
62
Mrs. Daniel Crawford ....
Albion
21
76
Philemon Austin
Marengo
20
80
Jacob Mahien
LeRoy
28
68
Joseph Mercer
Bedford
13
65
Charles Scoon ...
18
67
Mary Swart
Le Roy
23
70
Mrs. Inman
Battle Creek
June 5
90
WILLIAM D. ADAMS. William D. Adams died Friday, March 31,
1893, at Marshall, Mich., aged 53 years.
William DeForest Adams was born in Burlington, Calhoun county,
48 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Michigan, June 5, 1839. His parents, William and Mehetabel Adams,
were among the first pioneers of Calhoun county, coming from the
state of New York to the territory of Michigan in 1834. His father,
who was a man of intelligence and large influence, located the land
and platted the village of Burlington, where William D. spent his
childhood and performed the sturdy duties of a farmer's son in pioneer
life, attending the district school and experiencing the privations and
hardships of those primitive times in Michigan. He was a student of
Coldwater high school and at Albion college and acquired a good
education but did not complete a full collegiate course of study. He
followed the calling of teacher for a time. He was married to Sarah
M. Setford, of Albion, Mich., January 18, 1862, who now survives him.
He leaves two children, Miss Lena, of Marshall, and Frank D., a
classical student at Michigan University, one daughter having died in
infancy.
Mr. Adams possessed a good mechanical talent and had a taste for
machinery, but his love of study and intellectual pursuits led him to
choose the law as the field for his life work. He commenced the
study of his chosen profession in 1863, with Sidney Thomas, of
Marshall, and completed his law reading as a student with Hughes
and Wooley and was admitted to the bar on the 28th of November,
1864. He immediately commenced his career as a lawyer in Marshall,
where he continued in active practice until his death.
Mr. Adams held the office of deputy commissioner of internal
revenue and of United States commissioner under the federal govern-
ment. He was four years justice* of the peace and two years city
attorney of the city of Marshall and was also circuit court commis-
sioner of Calhoun county for six years. In these official positions he
discharged the duties with great fidelity and marked ability, thereby
reflecting honor upon himself and giving universal satisfaction to the
public whose interests he so carefully served. His professional
associates, who are the most competent judges, speak very highly of
his judicial* opinions and decisions, and credit him with judicial
qualities of a high order.
As an attorney and solicitor, Mr. Adams has been connected with
numerous important cases in the State and federal courts, and has
filled responsible positions in the trials and determinations of these
causes. Among the number we recall the Perrin- Kellogg cases, the
numerous cases growing out of the Perrin and Sibley estates and the
Wait-Kellogg cases, which attracted much attention at the time and
were contested to the end by the leading lawyers of the State. He
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY. 49
had among his clients many prominent business men and concerns,
which attest his standing and ability as a lawyer.
Mr. Adams was endowed by nature with a fine physique and a
vigorous mind. He was self-reliant in forming his opinions, and
independent in drawing conclusions. In short, he thought and acted
for himself, and was not accustomed to allow others to think for him.
He was studious in his habits and had a taste for intellectual research.
In politics he was a republican but not a blind partisan. Though
retiring in disposition and having no taste for formal society, he was
genial and warm hearted to his friends and was esteemed most by
those who knew him best. He was sincere and honest as a man and
as a citizen and will be greatly missed in Marshall.
MRS. MARIA DYGERT ARNOLD. Mrs. Maria Dygert Arnold, the
subject of this sketch, died at her home in Battle Creek, August 9,
1892. She was born in Verona, Oneida county, N. Y., in the year
1837, where she resided during her girlhood and until her marriage to
Mr. A. 0. Arnold, January 1, 1856. In the year 1857 Mrs. Arnold
came with her husband to Battle Creek, Mich., and has lived in this
city 35 years. The deceased was well known and very highly esteemed
in this community. She was a woman of excellent judgment and good
sense and in no way calculated to stimulate anything like malice in
the breast of anyone with whom she came in contact. On the contrary
she was constituted to win respect and gratitude from all who knew
her. She had "malice toward none but charity toward all." She will
be especially remembered as the friend of the poor and unfortunate
whose interests were very near to her heart, and whose cause she
unselfishly espoused. Her bounty quietly and unostentatiously dis-
pensed, often cheered the heart that was ready to faint. Surely,
considering her surroundings, her record should stand as a beacon light
for others to follow.
NATHANIEL A. BARNEY. Nathaniel A. Barney, landlord of the
Occidental Hotel, Muskegon, died October 31, 1892, of stomach
troubles, aged 68 years. He was born at Silver Creek, N. Y., and with
his parents moved in 1833 to Battle Creek. He came to Muskegon in
1868 and went into the hotel business, which he has followed ever
since. In his service of nearly a quarter of a century he has seen
Muskegon grow from a hamlet to one- of the principal cities of the
State, and step by step his business has grown with it. Last spring
he commenced the erection of a four story stone structure, which is
7
50 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
nearly completed, and makes the hotel the largest and finest on the
shore. Mr. Barney was most favorably known by the traveling public
which he had served so long.
Mr. Barney's family was among the earliest settlers in Battle Creek.
The old Barney hotel, two miles west of the city, is still standing, and
goes by that name. The deceased will be remembered by all the older
citizens.
MRS. LOUISA H. BEVIER. Another of the early settlers of Le Roy,
Calhoun county, Mich., has passed from earth to heaven.
Mrs. Louisa H. Bevier died of old age, at the home of her nephew,
Elon D. Bushnell, October 18, 1892. Twenty- three years ago the 15th
of October, her husband, Win. Bevier, entered into rest. Her marriage
dates back to 1846. She was a New Englander by birth and a native
of Connecticut, where she was born on June 11, 1804, and where she
lived about 36 years. Her family were of French Huguenot origin, and
her early ancestors came from England to America more than 250
years ago, being among the first settlers of Guilford and Saybrook,
Conn. She was the daughter of Christian and Prudence Bushnell, and
the last of several sons and daughters to depart this life. The family
name included at least six ministers, of whom the late Dr. Horace
Bushnell, of Hartford, Conn., was one. Her brothers, Eev. Asa W.
and Deacon John H. Bushnell, and her sister, Mrs. Dudley N.
Bushnell, have long been known to and familiar with the early settlers
of Le Eoy and adjacent towns. Dudley N. and wife came in the
autumn of 1837 and were followed by John H. arid wife the following
autumn. Then in 1840 the remainder of the family came. Her brother
Eev. Asa W. becoming the first regular pastor of the church then
known as the first Presbyterian church of Le Eoy, but since 1846 has
been the first Congregational church of Le Eoy.
For more than half a century therefore she has been identified with
this church and with the community. Her life has been that of a
quiet, consistent Christian, a devoted daughter, sister, and wife, a true,
trusty and much loved friend and neighbor.
Her money has been given with a liberal hand for the support of
the church she loved so much for the various benevolent causes and to
bless her friends and neighbors.
Since the death of her sister, Mrs. Dudley N. Bushnell, four years
ago, she has made her home where she died, making frequent visits to
her own house near by, where her things remained in position
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY. 51
just as she used them, so many years. At the ripe age of 88, blind
and helpless, she quietly and peacefully "fell asleep in Jesus."
MBS. ANN THOMPSON BURLAND. Mrs. Ann Thompson Burland, one
of the oldest pioneers, died at the home of her son, William, in
Eckford, February 7, 1893.
Deceased was born in Rickle, Yorkshire, England, November 28,
1808. She sailed from England June, 1830, with her husband and
three little girls. Eliza, now Mrs. Henry Williams, of Whitewater,
Wis.; Betsey (deceased), wife of Jas. Watrous, of Marshall; Ann, wife
of Augustus Turner, of Stanberry, Mo.
After a long and tedious journey they reached Detroit, remaining
there about a year, during which time a little son was born to them
who died at that place. From Detroit they moved to the farm known
as the Geo. Bentley farm in Marshall township, where their son,
William, was born. They next came to Fredonia. where Mr. Burland
located a large tract of land, he being the first man to break a furrow
in that township. Here were born Alice (deceased), wife of Wm.
McCue, of Plain view, Minn.; Merenda, wife of John Brown, of St.
Louis, Mo.
They endured the hardships incident to early pioneer life remaining
at this home until the death of Mr. Burland.
Mrs. Burland was baptized in the Episcopal church of England and
was at the time of her death a member of Trinity church, Marshall.
J. MARTIN CALDWELL. J. Martin Caldwell died in Florida, where
he had gone for his health, March 8, 1893, aged 63 years.
Deceased was born in Pennsylvania, September 18, 1829. He
removed to Michigan with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Caldwell,
in 1834, and located in Verona, which was then a rival of Battle
Creek. Afterwards the family removed to Battle Creek.
When about nineteen years of age, Mr. Caldwell commenced his
business career as a clerk in the drug store of A. T. Havens, where
the store of E. R. Smith is now located. Mr. Havens came from
Palmyra, N. Y., and had bought out the drug stock of Beach & Taylor.
In 1843 Mr. Havens started another drug store across the street in
what was known as the old checkered building, where Preston's shoe
store is now located. Ttye store was run in the name of Mr. Havens'
brother-in-law, Franklin Smith, but Mr. Caldwell had charge of the
business. When Mr. Caldwell left the store of Mr. Havens to take
charge of the new place of business, Mr. Wm. Andrus- took his old
position and commenced his career as a drug clerk.
52 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
After running this business for several years Mr. Havens discon-
tinued the new store.
In 1851, when the gold fever had seized upon the people of the
country and all the young men were going to the new Eldorado, Mr.
Caldwell made the trip by water. He remained in the golden state
several years, engaged in mining, and then returned to Battle Creek.
Upon his return to Battle Creek he was married to Mrs. Helen Parker,
daughter of the late John Nichols.
He entered into the boot and shoe business in a building on the
site of the store now occupied by James Geddes. The firm was
Caldwell & Galloway. Charles Peters afterwards bought the interest
of Mr. Galloway, and the firm became Caldwell & Peters. Subse-
quently Peters sold out to Mr. Caldwell.
When the old Battle Creek House was destroyed by fire the
buildings on the opposite corner, one of which was occupied by
Caldwell, were also burned. He lost his entire stock. He then moved
into the store in the Andrus block now occupied by Jacobs.
In April, 1876, he moved into the store now occupied by Harbeck
& Livingston and continued in business until May, 1891, when he sold
out to the above firm and retired from business on account of his
health.
From the above it will be seen that the deceased was not only an
old pioneer but a prominent business man. He leaves a wife and one
son, Ned Caldwell, two brothers, James T. and Josiah, of Battle Creek,
and two sisters, Mrs. Al. Tichenor, of Battle Creek, and Mrs. W. B.
Buck, of Fort Wayne, Ind.
Deceased was a member of the Athelstan Club and the American
Legion of Honor.
MRS. BETSEY CROSSETT. Mrs. Betsey Crossett died February 10,
1893, at the residence of her son, C. D. Crossett, Battle Creek, in the
100th year of her age. Mrs. Crossett was born in Washington county,
N. Y., on July 9, 1793, and had she have lived until July this year
she would have been 100 years old. It is very seldom that such age
is attained by people whose faculties are unimpaired and who
apparently enjoy their life in the last stages as did Mrs. Crossett.
While young she married Daniel Crossett, and together they lived a
pleasant and devoted life. For over fifty years Mrs. Crossett has been
a widow. She was the mother of four children, and at the time of
her death was a member of her oldest son's family. Her other children
are Mrs. Betsey Ann Lynn, of Fredonia, N. Y., Mrs. D. L. Green, of
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY. 53
Chicago, and Benjamin Crossett, of Janesville, Wis. Deceased has been
a resident of Battle Creek for over thirty years, and a member of the
Baptist church for over eighty-three years. She was a great singer,
and the old time hymns were on her lips most of the time while she
was busying herself about her self imposed household duties. Her
love of music was extraordinarily good, and her last years were passed
in song. She had a remarkable voice for one of her age. In the
summer, when the weather has been agreeable, she took her daily
walk, and appeared to be greatly pleased and interested in all the
improvements that came under her observation. She had a horror of
war, having lived through the struggles of 1812 and 1861. Her declin-
ing years were truly a second childhood, and she looked forward to the
future with all the pleasant anticipation that characterizes youth. She
was kind, affectionate, and hopeful, and all who had the pleasure of
her acquaintance will reverence her memory with love and respect.
HARVEY J. DUBOIS. In the death of Harvey J. Dubois, which
occurred April 25, 1893, South Battle Creek loses its last old pioneer.
He was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., on the 5th of January,
1825. His parents, Peter and Sallie Dubois, together with their three
children, Harvey J., James G., and Esther M., moved to Michigan in
]836, and located on a farm in South Battle Creek, where five years
later a second daughter, Anthenette, was born to them. Harvey was
eleven years of age when he came to this place, and he has continued
to reside here up to the time of his death. Fifty-seven years of life,
full of lively interest known only to early days in Michigan, coming
here among the first, he has noted the rapid development and its
present high position among its sister states. All this goes to make
up such a life.
At the age of twenty-eight he was married to Cynthia J. Stickney,
of his native state. The 7th of April was their 40th marriage
anniversary.
To Mr. and Mrs. Dubois were born three children, Charlotte E., L.
Louette, and Cayton H.
Mr. Dubois was a successful farmer, careful and judicious in his
calculations, keeping well the fertility of his farm, giving to his
beautiful home a fruitful and prosperous appearance.
In politics he was not partisan. He might be said to be inde-
pendent; governed always by what he thought was right. All his
transactions in life were honorable and upright, even in temper, not
54 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
passionate or unkind, with none to point at a single instance where he
did them an injustice.
He was interested in the welfare of his brother farmer, and was
zealous in bettering his condition as a class. He joined the Grange
organization at the first, and continued an active member up to the
last few years, retaining unabating interest, but unable to attend on
account of his blindness.
Of his family, his wife and daughter, Mrs. L. Louette Woods, her
husband and four little grandchildren are all that remain. Of his
father's family, James G. Dubois, of Battle Creek, and Mrs. Anthenette
McCollum, who resides at Lawrence, are all that survive.
MRS. WILLIAM Goss. Chloe A. Norton was born in Connecticut,
September 27, 1819, soon afterward removing to New York state. In
1836 she came with her parents to Marshall, Mich., and on February
5, 1837, was married to Wm. Goss. The same year they located on a
farm two miles north and east of Bellevue, and in 1839 purchased a
large farm in Convis, where they have since resided. A large family
of children came to bless their home, only one of whom, Mrs. I. D.
Brackett, is now living. Mrs. Goss died February 15, 1893, aged 73
years, 4 months, and 18 days, having lived with Mr. Goss 56 years and
10 days.
JAMES W. HATCH. James W. Hatch, a Calhoun county pioneer of
of 1836 type, died at his home in Fredonia, August 16, 1892, aged 63
years. Mr. Hatch was pretty generally known, having resided in the
county ever since he first arrived, with the exception of three years
which he spent in California during the gold fever. He was a veteran
of the war, enlisting in the 9th Michigan infantry and was afterward
transferred to the 18th Michigan. He was a prosperous farmer and a
good man. His aged wife, nee Julia Austin of Clarendon, survives
him, besides three sons, Jesse M. of Marshall, Geo. W. of Chadron,
Neb., and Ernest of Fredonia; two daughters, Mrs. Z. Enos and Mrs.
Stephen Smith, both of Fredonia, and two sisters, Mrs. E. Marble of
Marshall and Mrs. Robert Starks of Fredonia. Another daughter, Mrs.
Cobb, died in Dakota about a year ago. Mr. Hatch was a devoted
member of the G. A. R.
SAMUEL J. HENDERSON. Samuel J. Henderson died at his residence
in Albion on Feb. 21, 1893, aged 74 years. This death, so sudden, so
unexpected to nearly all our citizens, brought a shock to the community,
and a feeling of deep sadness everywhere. No more familiar figure
walked the streets of our city than Mr. Henderson. Bright, genial,
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY. 55
companionable, to meet him was always a pleasant incident of a walk
down the street.
He was born at Royalton, N. Y., Aug. 25, 1819. At the age of twelve
he followed the tide of emigration from the Empire state to the
wilds of Michigan, and located at Jackson. At the age of twenty-five,
a carpenter by trade, he came to Albion, and resided here continuously
from that time until his death.
Always a man who participated in public affairs, he has steadily
held some office or other during his entire residence in this city. For
more than thirty years he was either sheriff, under sheriff or deputy
sheriff. He was elected to the office of sheriff in the fall of 1880, and
served one term. He was elected supervisor of the township of
Sheridan several times before Albion became a city, and after that was
continuously supervisor of the second ward. An old resident says that
Mr. Henderson was a member of the Calhoun county board of super-
visors, with scarcely a skip, for twenty years.
Mr. Henderson was married Nov. 30, 1850, to Miss Julia E.,
daughter of Dr. Packard. From this union three children were born.
Two of them, Seward and Ellsworth, died at the ages of two and four
respectively. The daughter, Dora, is the wife of J. Kussell Sackett,~of
Saginaw. Mrs Henderson died June 30, 1874. May 25, 1883, he
married Miss Anna Whapples who, with her little daughter Ethel,
survives him. He also leaves a brother and sister in Oakland, Cal.,
and a sister in Jackson.
MRS. ELIAS HEWITT. The death of Mrs. Elias Hewitt, which
occurred at her home in Marshall on Monday, March 6, 1893, removes
a citizen who has been closely identified with Marshall since an early
day.
Mrs. Hewitt was born in Cattaraugus county, N. Y., April 24, 1819,
and was married June 10, 1841, at Berger, Genesee county, N. Y.
Together with her husband she removed to Michigan in 1844, and
settled in Leonidas, St. Joseph county. In November, 1846, she
settled in Marshall and lived there up to the time of her death.
She was strictly domestic in her tastes and habits and deeply
attached to family and home. She enjoyed the love of all who knew
her and will not soon be forgotten. Her whole life was of a Christian
character and she tried to do good to all around her and especially to
her family. She leaves to mourn her death, her husband, Elias
Hewitt, Esquire, a daughter, Mrs. M. A. Blue, and a son, Chas. E.
Hewitt, of Detroit.
56 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
RUSSELL M. HOWARD. Russell Marshall Howard, one of the early
settlers of East Eckford, and a highly esteemed citizen of that locality
up 'to a few years ago, when he removed to Redfield, S. Dakota, died
February 18, 1893, of diabetes. The Redfield Journal-Observer says:
"An old and respected citizen, a kind and loving father has gone 1o
his rest. Russell M. Howard was born in Schoharie county, N. Y.,
February 10, 1813, and was just 80 years and 8 days old at the time
of his death. His boyhood days were spent in New York state and he
removed with f his parents to Oneida county, the same state, and lived
there for a number, of years. In 1849 he decided to start out into the
world for himself and came west, locating in Michigan. He finally
settled down in Calhoun county, that state. In 1850 he was married
to -Emeline Morse, who died here in October, 1889. He came to
Dakota in January, 1883, and located in Redfield. Shortly afterward
he took up a homestead in Faulk county, which he finally transferred
to his only surviving daughter, Mrs. W. H. Smith, of Faulk county.
"Mr. Howard always took a great deal of interest in the political
affairs of the nation. He was one of the original old line whigs,
having been one of the first in the organization of the republican
party in Michigan.
" He had been in failing health ever since the death of .his faithful
companion of many years, whose loss he keenly felt because of physi-
cal infirmities.
"As the junior member of Hatch & Howard, he has been in
business here for some years, though not actively engaged about the
store,
" He leaves a daughter and son to mourn his loss, the former, Mrs.
W. H. Smith, of Faulk county, and Chas. T. Howard our honored
townsman."
MRS. JANE I. HUBBARD. Jane Ives Hubbard, wife of Deacon C. B.
Hubbard, died at her home in Battle Creek, May 2, 1893. Deceased
was born January 16, 1812, and was in the eighty-second year of her
age. She has been a resident of this community since 1842. She
leaves four children: H. H. Hubbard and Mrs. Mary Sherman, of
Battle Creek; Dan. J. Hubbard and Mrs. T. B. Simons, of Chicago.
DAVID JEFFERY. David Jeffery died at his home in Marengo, Mich.,
September 15, 1892, aged 67 years, 10 months, and 22 days. He was
born in Warwickshire, Eng., October 22, 1824, came to New York in
1844 and to Marengo in 1845, where he has since resided. Mr. Jeffery
was a man of sterling worth, honest purpose, and strong will, possess-
MEMORIAL REPORT CALHOUN COUNTY. 57
ing all the essentials of a good citizen, neighbor and friend, and as
such will be greatly missed. He leaves a wife, one son, Allen D., and
two daughters, Misses Ada and Silian G., to mourn their loss.
DK. HENRY L. JOY. Dr. Henry L. Joy died very suddenly at his
home in Marshall, June 21, 1892.
Dr. Joy was born amid the beautiful Swiss scenery of western New
York at Ludlowville, on the shores of Cayuga lake, January 25, 1822.
He came of sturdy New England stock, his remote ancestor, Thomas
Joy, emigrating from Hingham, Norfolk Co., England, with Winthrop
in 1630.
His father, Arad Joy, was a leading citizen of western New York, a
man of very marked traits of character, who gave to all his children
the highest educational advantages to be obtained in this country and
at foreign universities.
Dr. Henry L. Joy was educated at the Ovid academy and at the
celebrated school at Lenox, Mass., and took a four years literary
course at Union college, receiving his decree of B. A. from that greatest
of college presidents, Dr. Eliphalet Nott, in 1844. While at Union
college he not only held a good rank in his studies but he was a prime
social favorite, being elected to the highest office in the society of
which he was a member. After the completion of his literary course
he commenced the study of medicine at Bellevue Medical college, New
York City, from which institution he went to the Jefferson Medical
college of Philadelphia, at that time with a reputation by far the
highest and a faculty the ablest in this country, where he took his
degree of M. D., March 28, 1849. After practicing for a short time in
what is now upper New York City, he came to Marshall in the fall of
1849, where, with the exception of six months in the winter of 1859
spent in study in the hospitals of New York City, he has continued
since to practice with eminent success his profession.
On April 16, 1851. at St. John's church, Buffalo, N. Y., by Rev. M.
Schuyler, he was married to Caroline Schuyler, youngest daughter of
Anthony Day Schuyler.
Though unambitious for official place and of a most retiring disposi-
tion, Dr. Joy always took an active interest in public affairs, being
elected to the office of alderman and mayor of Marshall and was for
many terms and at the time of his death, health officer of the city.
He was also at different times president of the United States pension
examining board, president of the Calhoun county Medical society and
member of the State Medical society of Michigan, and the National
a
58 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Academy of Medicine. Though not a communicant, he was during all
his life in Marshall an active supporter of Trinity church and for some
years a vestryman.
Dr. Joy was by nature gifted with a clear strong mind, and was
always a great reader, student and thinker, not only in his own
profession, but in all the fields of thought. He was broad, generous
and ever charitable in his judgments of his fellow men, viewing with
pain their weaknesses and loving to dwell upon the bright and good
side of every man's nature.
Dr. Joy had five sons, of which Dr. Douglas A. Joy died in his
bright promising young manhood five years ago. He leaves his wife
and four sons, Clarence, Louis, Charles, and Philip, all of whom are
living at the old home.
GEOKGE E. LAWTON. Died at his residence in the town of Pennfield,
October 11, 1892, George E. Lawton, of general debility. Deceased
was born in the town of Ledyard, Cayuga county, N. Y., October 19,
1814, where he lived until the fall of 1836, when he came to Ann
Arbor, this State; was soon after married to Miss Sally Benhani and
settled on a farm near Ann Arbor; removed from there to Battle
Creek in 1865. Soon after he purchased a farm in the town of
Pennfield, where he resided until his removal by death to join the
great majority.
JOSIAH LEPPEE. In the death of Josiah Lepper, which occurred at
his home on September 10, 1892, Marshall loses one of the men that
has been identified with its history since the early days of 1832. In
that year Mr. Lepper arrived here and a year or so later settled on
the land which is now the fine farm of J. E. Bentley, just north of
the city. In 1835 he went east and married Miss Charlotte Haskin, of
New York state, and in 1836 returned here with his wife. In com-
pany with Lansing Kingsbury Mr. Lepper bought of Sidney Ketchum
a portion of the Rice Creek water power, including a half acre of land,
between the present malt house site and the creek, for $750, and there
they built the first furnace the county ever had, making a specialty of
manufacturing castings for " breaking-up" plows. They hauled their
coal all the way from Detroit. Mr. Lepper was in business in 1855 a
few months with the late Geo. B. Murray and in 1858 with S. V. E.
Lepper he engaged in the dry goods business, which was continued up
to the time the firm sold out to H. M. & P. Hempsted some fifteen
years ago. From an early day up to the fifties Mr. Lepper continuously
MEMORIAL REPORT-CALHOUN COUNTY. 59
operated a brick yard, and was the first man to engage in that line in
the county. The brick for the Baptist church, the Marshall House and
other pioneer structures came from his yard. He was a whig up to
the organization of the republican party, of which he became a
member, and it was a matter of considerable pride to him that he
never missed voting at a general . election of any kind. Mr. Lepper
was 83 years old.
MRS. EPHRAIM MARBLE. Mrs. Ephraim Marble died February 9,
1893, at her home in Marshall.
Mrs. Marble was a daughter of Y. M. Hatch, a native of Con-
necticut. Her grandfather, Timothy Hatch, was also a native of that
New England state and was a soldier of the Revolution. He removed
from Connecticut to Cayuga Co., N. Y., where he was a farmer until
his demise.
Y. M. Hatch carried on farming in New York until 1837, when he
brought his family to Michigan and bought land in Clarence township,
this county, thus becoming one of its earliest settlers. He built in the
woods and clearing the land around him, improved a choice farm and
became one of the most successful farmers of his community. His
wife, who bore the maiden name of Hannah Swift, was a very energetic
woman and had much to do with his success.
Mrs. Marble was the eldest of five children and was born in the
township of Wolcott, Cayuga county, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1825. She was
twelve years old when the family came to Michigan and has been a
witness of most of the growth of Calhoun county. She was given
superior educational advantages, pursuing a good course of study in a
select school at Marshall and later at Olivet institute. She was but
sixteen years old when she began teaching and followed that profes-
sion some eight years. December 6, 1849, she was united in marriage
with Ephraim Marble who one year before had returned from serving
his country in the Mexican war. Five children were born to them all
of whom have grown to manhood and womanhood.
Possessing true culture and refinement she understood the art of
making her home beautiful and attractive. While her husband was
fighting his country's battles during the late civil war, she was left
alone with the care of four small children. In that trying situation
she showed no small business ability in looking after the farm and
financial interests, and bravely endured the constant anxiety for her
husband. Her character and training united with a loving disposition
60 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
made her a devoted wife, an affectionate mother, and a kind and
sympathizing friend and neighbor.
SAMUEL W. McCREA. Samuel W. McCrea died at his home in
Battle Creek, March 14, 1893. Mr. McCrea was born April 18, 1819,
at Ballston Springs, Saratoga county, N. Y. When 12 years old his
father, who was a Presbyterian minister, moved with his family to
Dover, Ohio, and afterward to Westfield, Medina county, Ohio, where his
mother died. While the family were living in Ohio, Mr. McCrea was
sent to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he received his schooling.
. August 7, 1846, he was married to Miss Frances M. Porter, at Mt.
Jackson, Pa. In April, 1847, he removed to Battle Creek and engaged
in the manufacture of hats with a Mr. Winters. The next spring he
bought out a stock of groceries of Charles Lyon and embarked in that
business. Subsequently he bought out Wm. H. Coleman's interest in
the dry goods firm of Coleman & Brinkerhoff, and conducted the dry
goods in connection with the grocery business.
In company with George Morton, Mr. McCrea built a block in
Decatur, Illinois, and started a grocery store, putting it in charge of
Fred Parker. Subsequently Mr. McCrea went to Decatur, when his
building and stock were destroyed by fire.
Mr. McCrea was for a time in St. Paul, Minn., and in Leavenworth,
Kan. In 1859 he returned permanently to Battle Creek and bought
Wm. Kaymond's interest in ,the grocery store of Eaymond & Sweet,
located in a building on the site of L. Strauss' store. Subsequently
he bought the interest of Lucius Sweet, and conducted the business
alone. When the old Battle Creek House was burned the flames swept
across the street and destroyed the building and stock of Mr. McCrea.
After the fire he moved into the old Angell building where Trump is
now located. From there he moved to South Jefferson street in the
store adjacent to Caldwell & Baker's; thence into the store now
occupied by Preston; thence into the store now occupied by Reynolds
& Ashley. He continued in the grocery business for seventeen years
in the last store.
On May 16, 1891, he retired from business permanently selling his
grocery to two of his clerks, Reynolds & Ashley.
Deceased took interest in the welfare and prosperity of our city and
in 1878-9 was alderman from the fourth ward, and during his term of
office served the city well and faithfully.
He was a man of good business ability, sterling integrity and
honesty, a worthy citizen and a kind and affectionate husband and
father.
MEMORIAL REPORT-CALHOUN COUNTY. 61
He leaves a wife and three children, John W. and Miss Ida McCrea,
of Battle Creek, and Harry McCrea, of Denver, Col.
H. G. MONROE. H. G. Monroe died April 8, 1893, at the home of
his son in LeRoy, aged 83 years.
Mr. Monroe came from New York to Detroit 56 years before; from
Detroit he went to Prairieville on horseback, and settled at South
Haven, being the first white settler at that place.
MRS. ORLIN PUTNAM. Mrs. Orlin Putnam died at her home in
Eckford, March , 1893, aged 78 years.
She was born in Rome, Oneida county, N. Y., June 6, 1815, her
maiden name being Brown. In 1837 she came with her parents to
Michigan, locating in Clarendon, and in the year following was united
in marriage to Mr. Putnam.
Mr. and Mrs. Putnam resided in Clarendon until 1856, when they
removed to the farm in Eckford where she lived to the time of her
death.
She was the^ mother of nine children, six sons and three daughters,
all of whom, with her husband, survive her. The children are Charles,
Frank, George, Henry, John, Edwin, Louana, now Mrs. Griggs, Fanny,
now Mrs. Van Buren, Eliza, now Mrs. Pandy.
MRS. FIDELIA REED. Mrs. Fidelia Reed, widow of the late Asa W.
Reed, died at her home in Albion, on February 15, 1893, in her
sixty-fifth year. Mrs. Reed came to reside in the township of Sheridan
as early as 1836. She was married to Asa W. Reed nearly fifty years
ago. They lived together in Sheridan until last August, when he died.
She then moved into Albion. She leaves a sister, two brothers, seven
sons and two daughters. One of the sons, Prof. M. O. Reed, is
teaching at Deer Lodge, Mont.
WM. T. SHAFER. Wm. T. Shafer, one of the pioneers of Battle
Creek, died at his home, March 9, 1893, of heart trouble. He had
been sick only three weeks and his death was entirely unexpected by
his friends. He was born in the state of New York, September 19,
1822, consequently was in the seventy-first year of his age. He worked
for Nichols & Shepard when that firm was located in Marshall and
removed with them to Battle Creek in 1848, and has since been a
resident of that city. He assisted in the building of the Nichols &
Shepard shops on West Canal street now occupied by V. C. Wattles
and worked for that firm for many years. For a number of years past
he has been engaged in doing city teaming. He leaves a wife, one
62 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
daughter, Mrs. Ida A. Damoth, and one son, W. R. Shafer, both of
Battle Creek.
JULIUS A. SQUIEB. Julius A. Squier died at his home in Battle
Creek, June 2, 1893.
He was born in New York state and was 65 years of age.
He was a private in Co. I, eleventh Michigan Infantry and was an
active member of Farragut Post No. 32, G. A. R.
For many years he was engaged in the ice business in Battle Creek,
and was well known and highly esteemed. He leaves a wife and one
son, Arthur.
WALLACE W. STILLSON. Wallace W. Stillson died at his home in
Battle Creek, March 6, 1893, aged 52 years.
Deceased was born in Keating, Pa., April 28, 1841, and moved with
his parents at an early age to Michigan. February 18, 1862, he was
married to Miss Amelia Nichols, and soon afterward enlisted in Co. C,
21st Michigan Infantry, and served three years honorably and merito-
riously. He was in the employ of Nichols & Shepard fo. for twenty-
five years, twenty years of which time he was foreman of the engine
paint shop. He served in the old volunteer fire department of Battle
Creek, being a member of Union hose company No. 1, and a member
of the running team. He was a member of Farragut Post No. 32, G.
A. R., Security Lodge No. 44, A. O. U. W., Battle Creek Lodge,
Modern Woodmen of America, and the Vibrator Workingmen's Society.
Deceased leaves a wife and three children, Fred C., Helen, and
Wallie W.
MRS. HENRIETTA C. THOMPSON. Mrs. Henrietta C. Thompson was
born in Lyons county, N. Y., April 29, 1817 and entered into rest at
the home of her daughter, Mrs. Odekirk, Homer, Sunday evening,
January 22, 1893.
Her maiden name was Thorp. In 1837 she was united in marriage
to James Thompson and removed with him to Port Gibson, New York.
Six children blessed their union, three of whom survive. In 1866 they
came to Homer where she has since resided. She was converted in
1836 and united with the Methodist Episcopal church, of which she
continued a true and faithful member until transferred to the church
triumphant. Fifty-seven years a Christian, her faith grew stronger and
brighter through all life's added years.
Her life work is done, but her influence still lives and the memory
MEMORIAL REPORT-CALHOUN COUNTY. 63
of her consecrated life is embalmed in the hearts of her loved ones
and friends.
KEV. IRA K. A. WIGHTMAN. Eev. Ira A. Wightman, for the past
six years presiding elder of the Albion district of the Michigan
Conference, died at his home in Albion, December 10, 1892. The
immediate cause of his death was heart failure.
Ira E. A. Wightman was born at Trenton, N. J., March 30, 1836.
He was a well educated and self-made man, as shown by the fact that
his school life was limited \o six terms. He was converted and joined
the M. E. church at Frankfort, N. Y., in September, 1854. He came
to Michigan in April, 1855, and was licensed as an exhortor the next
year. He obtained a license as a local preacher at Holly, June 15,
1856, and was ordained a deacon at Battle Creek by Bishop E. R.
Ames October 6, 1861. He was ordained an elder at Hillsdale,
September 9, 1863, by Bishop M. Simpson. He was married to
Harriet A. Barnard, November 30, 1862. Three sons and one daughter
resulted from this marriage, all of whom, with the mother, survive
him. The deceased had made Albion his home for the past six years,
coming from Niles, where he held a three years' appointment.
EDWIN WILLIAMS. Edwin Williams, an old resident of Homer, died
December 29, 1892, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Albert Laker.
Mr. Williams was born at Great Barrington, Mass., November 25,
1814. When seven years of age he came with his parents to New
York state, where he lived until he came to Michigan 43 years ago.
Two sons and a daughter survive him, Erastus, who resides at
Allegan; Willard, whose home is in Butler, and Mrs. Albert Laker, of
Homer.
A. J. VAN DUSEN. A. J. Van Dusen, a son of Jacob Van Dusen,
was born at Canajoharie, Montgomery county, N. Y., July 12, 1813.
Death came February 25, 1893, at the age of 79 years, 7 months and
13 days.
In the spring when but 19 years old, Mr. Van Dusen came to
Michigan, settling then at Augusta, Kalamazoo county, where he
remained until he moved to Marshall 55 years ago. When but twenty
years old he was married to Miss Hannah Austin, of Galesburgh, Mich.
To this union was born their only son, Jerry Van Dusen, whose death
less than a year ago was a great shock to his father. The death of
his first wife occurred thirteen years ago.
He has owned, bought, and sold twenty-seven houses in the city of
64 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Marshall. He was united in marriage to his second wife, Miss Cicely
C. Perkins, of Beloit, Wis., September 17, 1882, who now is the
widow; also of those to mourn, there are three grandsons, with their
mother, the widow of the late Jerry Van Dusen. Two brothers of the
deceased are yet living, residing, so far as is known, in New York
state. Joseph Van Dusen is in the old home in Charleston, N. Y.,
where his father resided until death.
JOHN P. VANHORN. John P. VanHorn, engineer on the Michigan
Central railroad, who died at his home in Marshall August 16, 1892,
was born in Marshall, Calhoun county, Mich., August 18, 1842, and
was the son of John A. and Mary Ann (Clemments) VanHorn; father
a native of Germany and a pioneer of Calhoun county; mother a
native of Vermont. Mr. VanHorn was raised on a farm, working
summers and attending school winters. When 17 years of age he went
to Niles where he worked driving dray, and in 1863 commenced on
railroad as fireman; in 1867 was promoted to engineer, which position
he filled up to the time of his death. Since he took charge of an
engine he never injured a passenger or pinched a brakeman's fingers.
He married Miss Sarah Davis, daughter of William Davis, of Niles,
Mich. There were two children, Charles, born November 21, 1868, and
John R., born July 19, 1872. Mrs. VanHorn's parents were also early
settlers of Michigan. Mr. VanHorn was a member of Jackson lodge
No. 17.
MRS. CATHARINE W. VANTUYLE. The subject of this article, Mrs. C.
W. VanTuyle, finished her earthly career at her late home near
Crowville, La., September 27, 1892, in her forty-eighth year. She was
born December 18, 1844, in Scipio, Hillsdale county, Mich., and at
seven years of age came with her father's (Wm. Minor) family to
Battle Creek township, in the neighborhood now known as " North
Le Hoy," where she remained a citizen over forty years until in
November, 1890, when they went south. Twenty-nine years ago she
was married to James W. VanTuyle, who with four sons and two
daughters remain to realize their loss. Her sons, James C., George C.
and Wayne D., are in Battle Creek township and city. Mrs. Ruby
Cole, Willie, and Irene VanTuyle are still in Louisiana. Her brother,
E. H. Minor, of North Le Roy, now owns the old homestead where
her childhood and school days were passed, and from which she went
a bride, into a new home across the way. Her oldest child, Freddie,
while in infancy, preceded her to the heavenly home. In early life
MEMORIAL REPORT CASS COUNTY. 65
she embraced Christianity, and was ever active in every good work.
She was the founder of the North Le Roy Missionary society and a
prominent member of the Farmers' Alliance and of the Methodist
church.
CASS COUNTY.
BY GEORGE T. SHAFFER.
DR. LEVI ALDRICH. Dr. Levi Aldrich died at Edwardsburgh,
December 16, 1892, aged 73 years. He several times represented Cass
county in the State legislature and was a member of the constitutional
convention of 1867.
MRS. RACHEL BYRON. Mrs. Rachel Byron died in Detroit March 16,
1893, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Julia Gates, in the 86th year
of her age.
Mrs. Byron was the mother of our friend and townsman, John
Tietsort (of whom a sketch is also found in this report).
She was first married to Abram Tietsort, Jr., in 1826. By this
marriage she had six children, five of whom are now living, viz., John,
Julia, Perry, Ira, and Wesley; and, so far as is known, Julia was the
second white female child born in Cass county.
Mrs. Byron's second marriage, to the Rev. Joseph Byron, of the M.
E. church, occurred in 1841. The offspring of this marriage was four
children, viz., Melissa, Linnie, Elizabeth, and Joseph Edgar.
Few, if any of the pioneers of this county now living, can recount
so many stirring events in the history of southwestern Michigan as
could Mrs. Byron in her life time.
In 1831 she settled with her then husband, Abram Tietsort, Jr., on
the east bank of Stone lake, but a few rods north of where the bowl
factory now stands. Then the country was in possession of wild beasts
and savages, who roamed at will through its forests, and over its
plains, lakes, and rivers, claiming title direct from the Great Spirit.
Then dense forests nearly surrounded Cassopolis and covered the site
of this capitol of Cass county. Then the howl of the wolf, and the
barking of the fox furnished music to the early settlers, as each day's
9
66 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
sun went down; and the fleet, timid movements of herds of deer as
they came to view the settlers' cabins, were suggestive of juicy venison
steak to eat with hominy, when the hard day's work was done. Too
much cannot be said in behalf of those sturdy pioneers, men and
women, who first settled in southwestern Michigan.
"Their rough log cabins! in fancy I see them still;
And old memories rush up to tell me, I always will.
Many privations; trials, harrassing doubts and fears
Came o'er them: tried their metal almost to tears;
Who then believed this nursery of stalwart men;
Would soon develop into a State so grand? No one, then."
As one of this class, Mrs. Byron performed her duties well and
faithfully in those early days. Whether as wife, mother, or friend,
she stood high in the esteem of all who became acquainted with her,
or shared with her the hardships incident to pioneer life. All loved
her for those high social qualities which go far to lighten the burdens
of human existence; and now that she has gone from among us, we
can do no less than reverently invoke God's blessings upon her, and
those of her offspring she left behind.
MRS. MINERVA B. DUNNING. Minerva Reynolds was born November
13, 1803, in the township of Lansing, Tompkins county, N. Y.
January 12, 1824, she was united in marriage with Allen Dunning, in
the township of Scipio, Cayuga county, N. Y., who was the first white
child born in that township. Immediately after their marriage they
settled in Erie county, Pennsylvania, where Mr. Dunning had
previously located land and erected a log house for the reception of
his bride. There they passed the first twelve years of their married
life, when attracted by the opportunities of the then far west they
removed to Michigan, arriving at Edwardsburgh in July, 1836. This
country was then enjoying what would now be called a " boom," and
they paid $7 an acre to John Hudson for his location on section 11,
which he had located and bought from the government in 1830. This
is the same farm where her husband died on the 10th of December,
1869, and where she lived until her death. She was the mother of
twelve^ children, five daughters and seven sons, four daughters and five
sons survive her, all of whom were present at the funeral except one
daughter, who is in ill health. The deceased in her early years was a
member of the Christian church, but her husband being a firm
believer in the final restitution of all souls, she joined with him in
MEMORIAL REPORT CASS COUNTY. 67
opening their doors to that blessed doctrine. She died on the morning
of the 3 1st of March, 1893, aged 89 years, 4 months, and 17 days.
The home was one of unbounded hospitality, and in an early day
was known far and wide as a place from which none were ever
suffered to go away hungry, disconsolate or uncomforted. It was
especially known as an asylum and recruiting station for traveling
Universalist preachers, and many of the most eminent divines of that
church have found hearty welcome beneath its roof, where they
frequently held services, proclaiming the everlasting and universal
redemption of all mankind, to those who were tired of the narrow
dogmas of partial salvation of the other churches. In a history of
Cass county, published in 1882, the author speaks of the deceased and
their large family, as follows:
"Mrs. Dunning laughingly recalls the time when numerous heads
appeared at every available opening in the house to view the passing
stranger; but on the same principle that many hands make light work,
many happy hearts make a happy home, and this certainly was one;
as much so in those early days, when deprived of the many now
considered indispensable adjuncts of the house, as when in later years
they became possessed of them. All who met Mrs. Dunning were
charmed with her kindly manner and pleasantly beaming countenance,
and it is no subject of wonder that their house was seldom without
visitors, either friends or strangers."
MRS. JULIA ANN HALL. Julia Ann Carr was born at Albion, N.
Y., June 28, 1818. In 1835 she was married to Orville B. Glover,
and with him came to Michigan and settled in Edwardsburgh in 1840,
where she and her husband united with the Presbyterian church
while the late Rev. Alfred Bryant was its pastor. She was the mother
of five children, Harrison, who died about seventeen years ago, Lowell
H., Jay, Tamerson, the wife of Geo. W. Merrill, and William. Her
husband died in 1852, leaving her with these children, the oldest being
but fifteen; but she cared for them and kept them together until they
were old enough to care for themselves. In 1856 she was married to
John Earle, who after two years left her again a widow. In the early
part of 1861 she was married to Henry J. Hall, and went with him to
his home in Buchanan, where she resided until her departure May 6,
1893. Mr. Hall died in 1885, and since that time she had lived with
her daughter. She leaves two sisters, Mrs. Jane Jerome of Laporte,
and Mrs. Nancy B. Noyes of Edwardsburgh, and one brother, John P.
Carr, of South Bend, five grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.
68 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
She was a plain woman and very domestic, caring more for home and
family than all else. If she could make her children happy, her own
happiness was complete. The children for whom she toiled during
their infancy, having laid her to rest, unite in saying that her memory
shall remain with them and that her precepts shall guide them.
CHARLES H. KINGSBUEY. Charles H. Kingsbury died at his home in
Cassopolis, April 25, 1893.
The deceased was born in Massachusetts and was the oldest child of
the well known pioneer, Asa Kingsbury, deceased. He was cashier
of the first National bank from the time of its organization until a
year ago, and had a large personal acquaintance. He was about 63
years of age. He leaves a wife and five daughters, one daughter
having preceded him to the spirit land, and a number of brothers and
sisters.
JAMES KIRKWOOD. James Kirkwood was born at Beith, Ayrshire,
Scotland, April 12, 1811. He received a common school education and
at the age of 17 started in life for himself as a common farm hand. On
attaining his majority he left the land of his nativity and came to the
United States. He lived in the town of Galway, Saratoga county, N.
Y., two years and from there went to Summit county, Ohio, where he
remained until his removal to Cass county, Michigan, in February,
1836, when he purchased the farm in Wayne township on which he
lived until the death of his wife eight years ago, since then he has
resided with his daughter in the same township. He was married in
1840 to Isabel Brown, also a native of Ayrshire. They reared seven
children, only two of whom are now living, Hon. John Kirkwood, now
a member of the legislature, and Mrs. Elmer Hall. He was reared a
Presbyterian, and though his views were somewhat, broader, clung to
that faith through life. He was ready to go when the Master called,
and his last words were, "It is all right, the sooner the better." He
was an uncompromising, faithful democrat and had been a subscriber
to the National Democrat of Cassopolis since the day of its first issue.
He was one of the best type of the sturdy, honest pioneers whose
courage and industry have made Cass county what it now is. He died
at the residence of his daughter, April 20, 1893, in the 82d year of
his age.
JOHN KIRKWOOD. John Kirkwood, who died at his residence in
Wayne ' township, May 14, 1893, was born and reared on the farm
where he died. He was a bachelor and in the fifty-second year of his
MEMORIAL REPORT CASS COUNTY. 69
age. In this same report will be found a sketch of his father, an
honored pioneer of the county.
John Kirkwood was a modest, unassuming man, well known in his
immediate vicinity, and of late years his acquaintance had been
somewhat extended on account of having been several times elected
supervisor of his township, and last fall being the successful candidate
on the democratic and people's tickets for representative in the State
legislature. He was a man of good judgment, sincere in his attach-
ments, and of unswerving honesty.
A committee of six of his fellow members in the legislature acted as
pall bearers. On the day of his funeral his chair and desk in
representative hall, at Lansing, was appropriately draped, and a page
from the Legislative Journal of April 19, showing that on that day he
was granted an indefinite leave of absence on account of his own poor
health and to attend the bedside of his dying father, was surrounded
with black crape and flowers and placed on his desk. The House also
took a recess from noon until 7 o'clock p. m., covering the hours of
the funeral, as a mark of respect.
MRS. GEORGE NEWTON. Mrs. George Newton died at her home
April 21, 1893. Esther Green was born March 25, 1819, and was
married to Hon. George Newton December 14, 1837.
MRS. DAVID G. BENCH. Mary E. Tharp was born in Jefferson
township, Cass county, Mich., October 14, 1843. She was married to
David G. Rench, December 1, 1866, and died at her home in Cassopo-
lis April 10, 1893, aged 45 years, 4 months, and 13 days. She was the
mother of five children, three sons and two daughters. She was
converted in 1889, and united with the Methodist church of Cassopolis
and has been a faithful and devoted Christian.
JACOB W. RUMSEY. Jacob W. Rumsey was born in Monroe county,
N. Y., on the 1st day of May, 1826, and came to Michigan when but
a boy, settling in St. Joseph county when it was but a wilderness.
He afterward moved to Newberg, Cass county, where he resided until
his death, May 10, 1893, aged 67 years, 1 month, and 10 days. He
leaves an aged widow, who is an invalid, and three daughters to mourn
his loss. He was a kind and loving husband and father, an honest
and upright citizen, generous to all, and quick to respond to the wants
of the many. No one asked him for assistance but was willingly
accommodated if within his power. His loss will be felt by the whole
community.
70 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
MBS. EUSEBIA SMITH. Eusebia S. Earl was born in Jefferson
county, state of New York, in the year 1846, and moved with her
parents to Michigan in 1852. They settled in Bangor, Van Buren
county, where they remained until 1867, when they removed to
Cassopolis. She was married to Thomas J. Smith in October, 1869,
who died several years since. She died at her home April 7, 1893.
She was a Christian lady of much influence, being at her death
president of the church Ladies' Aid society.
JOHN TIETSORT. John Tietsort died at his home in Cassopolis April
29, 1893. He was born in Miltonville, Butler county, Ohio, November
22, 1826, and was the oldest son of Abram Tietsort. His father moved
to Niles, Mich., in April, 1828, and from there to the location where
Cassopolis now stands, in the spring of 1830, being the first settler on
the site of this village, where John was raised and where he resided
until his death, with the exception of two years spent in California, he
being one of the forty-niners carried away by the excitement of the
gold discoveries of that period. At the end of two years he returned,
not having accumulated any fabulous fortune, but still somewhat better
in purse than when he left.
He was at the time of his death the veritable "oldest inhabitant,"
having lived in the first house that was erected here, and for a longer
time than any other living person. From the time of his return from
California until 1873 he was actively engaged in mercantile business,
most of the time in partnership with Charles G. Banks, the firm name
of Banks & Tietsort being a familiar one in this locality for many
years. The brick store now occupied by Read & Yost was built by
them, and at the time of Mr. Tietsort's death was still owned by them.
Mr. Tietsort had been married three times. His first wife, with
whom he was joined November 25, 1852, was Ellen Silver Sherman,
daughter of Elias B. Sherman. She died August 26, 1862. He was
married to Eleanor Robinson January 26, 1864. Her death occurred
October 27, 1869, and upon July 17, 1871, Mr. Tietsort married Addie
Silver Robinson. He had three daughters by his first wife, Blanche
Goucher, now a resident of Clay Center, Kansas; Ellen Graham, now
a resident of Chicago; and Miss Florence, who resided with her father,
and one son, Ralph, by his second wife, now a resident of Grand
Rapids. All of whom, with his wife, survive him.
John Tietsort was a public spirited, generous man, an excellent
neighbor, careful and exact in his business, with a reputation without
reproach. He was an ardent lover of music and to the promotion of
MEMORIAL REPORT CLINTON COUNTY.
71
musical culture and study in the community, especially in church
music, he devoted a large amount of time, not professionally or for
reward. He said during his last sickness that he had sung at over
300 funerals. There was no singing at his funeral, all of the singers
in the vicinity who are usually called upon on such occasion declaring
themselves unequal to the task.
CLINTON COUNTY.
BY RALPH WATSON.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
1892.
Jan. 7
Martin Maier
64
1892.
Feb. 10
John Bradner
90
7
George Carl ton .
83
12
Silas Aldrich
79
8
Simeon Ten Eyke...
56
16
Lucy Hitchcock
55
9
Wm. Wakoff
86
18
Mary Ann Kelley
81
15
Thomas Hugit
87
22
Lavina Keller
71
15
Isaac Holton
71
28
Bridget Porter
88
15
Agnes Slater
67
25
Maggie Simpson
72
16
William Bancroft
83
25
Olaf Ash
50
22
David Cutler i
80
Mar. 11
Moses Tabor
83
24
Sarah Norris
78
16
Mrs Hathaway
78
25
Mabala Powers. ..
62
18
John Patterson
88
26
Thomas Healey
64
25
Geo. Stouser
75
26
Wm. Albertson
66
31
Arabella Huston
85
28
Huelson Compton
57
April 1
Samuel Manning
71
29
Lather Cleveland
50
9
William Gardner
72
30
John Smith .. __
84
13
William Houch
57
31
Robert Pincomb
69
14
Sarah Swagart
74
Feb. 2
Edward Enest
72
16
Matilda Seymour
67
2
John Harrington. ..
77
May 2
James Allen
61
2
Wm. Davis
71
3
John Thomas
61
4
JnliaA. Enest
52
27
O. F. Williams
64
8
Ann M. McCatcheon...
83
29
Henrietta Demoss
75
9
Richard Gay
66
June 1
Selah Van Sickle
80
9
Horace Phelps..
50
July 1
Thompson Stearns
65
72
ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
1892.
July 17
Elizabeth Wymer
81
1892.
Dec. 1
Ellen Newsome
50
22
Mrs. Mary Way
70
4
John Bottom
70
29
Charles Lyou
52
9
Mahalah Norris
101
31
Iji/j/.ie Tjandenbarger
50
21
Catherine Bray
57
Aug. 2
Sarah Emmons . ...
58
29
Margaret J. Tripp
70
25
Ann Amelia Perdew
51
1893.
Jan. 1
Janette Bentley
72
27
Porter Welter
69
10
Daniel Hawkins
55
Sept. 17
Win. Marshall
84
12
Mrs. Lester Teachout
60
27
Lucy Wilcox
79
21
Mrs. Rachael Hand
85
27
Michael Miller
85
24
E. Shoemaker
66
Oct. 7
Riley Rhines
85
26
O. P. Gilson
71
18
JaneA. Rail
66
29
Frank Faxon.
50
28
Caroline Fish
85
Mar. 8t
Mrs. Savinna Ingraham
89
Nov. 12
Catherine Helms
78
April 19
Wm. Downham
58
27
Hugh Boyd
94
May 2
William Sntton
80
27
Fannie Johnson
63
12
*
Mary E. Sraft
50
MRS. ADELIA BARTOW. Mrs. Adelia Bartow, widow of the late Hon.
Moses Bartow, died in Portland, January 18, 1893, in the 72d year of
her age. She was a pioneer in this county, having come here with
her husband about 1846 and settled upon a farm in Westphalia
township, where they resided until thirteen years ago. They then
moved to Pewamo, residing there about a year and from thence went
to Portland. Mr. Bartow died eight years ago. Mrs. Bartow was the
mother of three children, only one of whom, Mrs. C. H. Triphagen, of
Portland, survives her.
QUARTUS E. BRIDGEMAN. Quartus E. Bridgeman died at his home
in St. Johns, February 8, 1893.
Mr. Bridgeman was born at Belfast, Allegany county, N. Y., January
20, 1822. He came to St. Johns in 1863, and had resided here
continuously since that time. For many years he conducted a gun-
smith shop, and was an adept at that trade. Some twelve years ago
he was compelled to give up his business on account of rheumatic
troubles, and for the past ten years had been confined to his invalid
chair. He had been married forty-six 'years, and his wife, who had
faithfully cared for him during the entire period of his suffering, and
he was an intense sufferer, is the sole relative surviving.
MEMORIAL REPORT CLINTON COUNTY. 73
MRS. LUCY FERDON. Mrs. Lucy Ferdon died in St. Johns, January
16, 1893, aged 58 years. Her husband, the late Lorenzo Ferdon, died
in Greenbush about five years ago, after which event Mrs. Ferdon
made her home in St. Johns with her only child, W. C. Ferdon. She
was a pioneer in Clinton county, coming into the wilderness with her
father, J. D. Bradner, when 15 years of age. Deceased leaves three
sisters, Mrs. Belle Tinkham of Elwell, Mich., Mrs. Francis Wykoff of
Bingham, and Mrs. Caroline Chapman of DuPlain, also one brother,
J. W. Bradner of St. Johns.
GRANDMA HAUSE. Grandma Hause, who has been a resident of St.
Johns for many years, died at the home of her daughter, Mary Barnes,
of Olive, March 13, 1893, aged 94 years.
NATHANIEL HUNTOON. Nathaniel Huntoon died at his residence in
Olive, April 24, 1893. The deceased was an old pioneer 85 years old,
coming from the state of New York to this State some thirty-nine
years ago and settled on a farm near this village. He was born in
Lemington, Vermont, July 11, 1810, and was married to Phebe
Lusk, in Clarendon, New York, December 19, 1835. His wife and five
children survive him, four sons and one daughter, Mrs. M. D. Brown,
of St. Johns; Thurman and Alvin H. Huntoon, of Eagle; Alanson, of
Lansing; the youngest son remaining on the farm with his father.
ALEXANDER B. KITTLE. Alexander B. Kittle, one of the oldest
residents of Watertown township, this county, died at the home of his
son, George E. Kittle, near Delta, May 13, 1893, after an illness of
but one week, aged 81 years. He leaves a wife, two sons, and four
daughters.
DAVIES PARKS. Davies Parks died March 28, 1893, aged 103 years,
5 months, and 12 days. He was born October 16, 1789, in Columbia
county, N. Y., during the first year of the administration of George
Washington, the first president of the United States.
New York state was also the native place of his parents. His father
lived to the age of 110 years and his mother to the age of 106 years,
while his grandmother reached the age of 114 years.
Davies Parks was the eighth child in a family of five sons and four
daughters, and as his parents were farmers during his early life, he
formed habits of industry and laid the foundation of a strong and
vigorous constitution.
His advantages to obtain an education were very limited, but possess-
10
74 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
ing a remarkable memory and being of a studious nature he acquired
a good education. By occupation he was a farmer, yet he practiced
law as he advanced in years.
When nineteen years of age he was married in Albany county, N. Y.,
to Catherine Coon.
He belonged to a company of militia in New York state, and in
1814 was called into the service in the war, where he remained until
the close of the war, being a drum-major. He remembered well the
battle of Sackett's Harbor in which he took an active part.
In 1833 he moved to Sandusky county, O., where he remained about
two years, when he moved to the territory of Michigan and settled in
the township of Novi, Oakland county. In 1853 he moved to Dallas
township, Clinton county, Mich., where three years later his wife died
leaving him with eleven children.
In 1858 he was married to Mrs. Dennis Holmes, who survives him
at the age of 87 years.
Mr. and Mrs Davies Parks moved west, living in Iowa and Nebraska,
but in 1873 they returned to Dallas township, Clinton county, since
which time he has resided in the village of Fowler.
Mr. Parks was the father of twelve children, ten of whom are living;
forty-two grandchildren, of whom thirty-seven are living, one hundred
and one great-grandchildren, of that number eighteen are living; and
twenty-two great, great-grandchildren, of whom nineteen are living.
Davies Parks was always very liberal both in his religious and in
his general views. His mental faculties were almost unimpaired; his
bodily health showed the effects of his age, yet in mild weather he
was on the streets in his extreme age; he enjoyed the fruits of his
honest and faithful toil.
Intelligent, cheerful, and contented; only waiting till the angels open
wide the mystic gate there to enjoy the fruits of an honest and faith-
ful life.
Davies Parks and Peter T. Jolly were very intimate friends, and
during a conversation between each other there was an agreement
decided upon to this effect that, if Peter Jolly died first then Mr.
Parks was to preach the funeral sermon, and if Mr. Parks died first
then Mr. Jolly was to preach the sermon. It is sufficient to say
that Mr. Jolly officiated at the funeral of his esteemed friend Davies
Parks.
MBS, ELIZA PATTERSON. Mrs. Eliza Patterson, of Bengal township,
died at her home April 21, 1893, aged 80 years. Mrs. Patterson was
MEMORIAL REPORT CLINTON COUNTY. 75
born in 1813, in Ireland, of English parents, and came to this country
in 1841, settling in Rochester, N. Y., residing there fifteen years, and
then came to this county and took up her residence in Bengal town-
ship, where she has since resided. She had fourteen brothers and
sisters, all of whom lived to maturity, and of them four brothers and
two sisters still survive her, the oldest being 83. Her father and
mother both lived to a good old age. She was the mother of seven
children, four boys and three girls, all of whom save two boys, the
oldest and youngest, are alive. Mrs. Patterson was a lady highly
esteemed and had been a member of the Methodist church fifty years.
MRS. SEAEL. Mrs. Searl, who was formerly known as Mrs. J. R.
Tremblee, died at Bath, March 6, 1893, aged 82 years. She was born
in Herkimer county, N. Y., in 1829, came to Michigan in 1838, and
settled in Bath, near Pine Lake, on what is known as the Wesnar
farm in 1846. Mr. Tremblee died in 1861, and she remarried in 1877.
Her last husband survives her. She has made her home with her
daughter, Mrs. Sage, for some time. She was a firm believer in health
reform and in religion was an Advent.
MBS. NANCY A. SIMMONS. Mrs. Nancy A. Simmons died at the
residence of Thomas Krass, in North Lansing, March 14, 1893, aged
67 years. She was mother of Dr. R. Simmons, of DeWitt. The
subject of our sketch was born in Clarkston township, Monroe county,
N. Y., in 1826. She came to Salem, Michigan, and at the age of
nineteen was married to John Simmons, March 18, 1845. In 1851
they came ta Olive and purchased fifty acres now owned by E. H.
Bedell. In 1854 they moved to Branch county, Michigan. In 1865
moved to Salem again, and in 1878 they came to Olive, purchased
seventy acres of land, erected a comfortable home on the same and
thought to settle down and spend their remaining days there in peace.
But owing to the failing health of Mr. Simmons they moved to
Colorado, where only temporary relief being secured they returned and
in 1882 bought and settled in DeWitt. She was the mother of three
children, only one of whom survives.
MRS. PETER ULRICH. Mrs. Peter Ulrich died at her home in Dallas
township, January 29, 1893.
The deceased was born in Germany and came to this country with
her parents when she was about ten years old. She was next to the
youngest of six children, four girls and two boys, and had she lived
until August would have arrived at the age of 58. She was married
76 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
in Westphalia township, when at the age of twenty, to her present
greatly bereaved husband, Peter Ulrich, to whom thirteen children
have been born, seven girls ,and six boys, eleven of whom survive their
mother, the other two having died in infancy. Nine of the children
reside in Dallas township; one daughter in Scranton, Pa., and one son
in Baltimore, Md.
The deceased was an earnest and consistent Christian, honored, loved
and respected by all who knew her.
ROBERT YOUNG. Robert Young died at his home in DuPlain
township, February 1, 1893, aged 55 years.
Mr. Young came from Indiana to this county before the late civil
war, and just as he was entering his manhood career.
Entering the union army in Company I, of the 27th Michigan
Infantry in December, 1863, he went to the front, and at the memora-
ble battle of the wilderness, in May, 1864, earned an empty sleeve.
On being discharged in October, 1864, he returned to the farm, and
was known as the young man who could chop as much wood and do
as much work with one arm as the ordinary man could do with two.
Twenty years ago, after having served the citizens of Olive township
as supervisor one or more terms, he was elected register of deeds of
this county, and at the expiration of his term of office he originated
and managed a bank at Mt. Pleasant, this State, from which the First
National bank of that place has since been organized.
Returning to St. Johns he was engaged with J. S. Osgood in the
produce business, and with the firm of Osgood & Young, opened the
era of conscientious prices for grain, which has resulted greatly to the
advantage of our village and the surrounding country.
Retiring from this firm, he has given the last years of his life to
the construction of buildings and farming.
In addition to several residences and other building, in company
with Mr. Edward Brown, he erected three stores upon Clinton avenue,
and has been greatly interested in farming, and was, at the time of
his decease, carrying on about two hundred acres of land.
He has held the positions of superintendent of the county poor,
commissioner of the soldiers' relief fund, president and treasurer of
the Farmers' Mutual Insurance company of Clinton and Gratiot
counties, and other offices of trust.
He did not ally himself with the membership of any society, but he
was eminently a citizen possessing broad and equitable views, and
embraced in his great heart every enterprise that looked to the
improvement of his fellow men.
MEMORIAL REPORT EATON COUNTY. 77
EATON COUNTY.
BY W. B. WILLIAMS.
[Furnished by Esek Pray, supplemented by W. B. Williams.!
DANIEL B. BOWEN. Daniel B. Bowen, of the township of Kalamo,
died July 2, 1892, aged 81 years. He claimed to have been the first
settler in the township; settled on the farm where he died in the year
1836.
MRS. PHEBE CLARK. Mrs. Phebe Clark, widow of John E. Clark,
settled on their farm in Eaton Rapids township in the year 1837, and
died July 10, 1892, aged 80 years.
JOHN S. MONTGOMERY. Captain John Scoot Montgomery, of Hamlin,
died July 27, 1892,, aged 55 years born in the township; son of 'the
pioneer, Captain John Montgomery.
MRS. CHAUNCEY FREEMAN. Mrs. Chauncey Freeman, whose maiden
name was Ruth Ann Babcock, was born in Royal ton, Niagara Co., N.
Y., April 27, 1818. She was united in marriage to Chauncey Freeman,
Sept. 17, 1839, and died September 17, 1892, on their 53d anniversary.
Settled on their farm in Eaton township in 1842.
MRS. SALLY DE GRAFF. Mrs. Sally De Graff, of the city of Charlotte,
was born March 3, 1806, in Ira, Cayuga county, N. Y. December 16,
1832, she married Emanuel De Graff, and in 1842 moved to Calhoun
and a few years later to Eaton county. She died October 25, 1892,
aged 86 years, mourned by a large number of relatives and prominent
citizens of the county.
MRS. SAMANTHA BAKER. Mrs. Samantha Baker, of Charlotte, died
October 19, 1892, aged 91 years. She was born .in Herkimer county,
N. Y., and was an early pioneer of the county.
DAVID KIMBALL. David Kimball of Sunfield, died November 26,
1892, aged 88 years; a pioneer of 1853.
JOSIAH BoYER.--Josiah Boyer, of Roxand, died December 19, 1892,
a resident of the township for 53 years.
JOHN A. RICH. John A. Rich, of Chester, died at the old home
December 25, 1892, aged nearly 93 years. He settled in Chester in
1838.
78 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
LORENZO FOSTER. Lorenzo Foster, of Carmel, died January 8, 1898,
aged 71 years; a resident of the township for fifty years.
JAMES M. PETERS. James M. Peters, of Brookfield, a prominent
pioneer, died January 9, 1893, aged 62 years.
MRS. LEANDER KENT. Mrs. Leander Kent, of Kalamo, died January
20, 1893, aged 72 years. Mr. and Mrs. Kent were prominent pioneers
of the township fifty years ago.
DAVID SCOTT. David Scott, of Vermontville, died March 6, 1893,
aged 85 years. Deceased was born November 9, 1807, at Alburgh, Vt.,
and moved his family to Eaton county in 1850.
PETER WILLIAMS. Peter Williams of Brookfield died April 24, 1893,
aged 79 years; an early pioneer of the township.
EGBERT NIXON. Robert Nixon, of Oneida, died April 26, 1893,
aged 76 years. A pioneer of 1836, and always has been a prominent
citizen of the county. He was born in Otsego county, N. ., May 25,
1817.
MRS. MARTIN BEEKMAN. Mrs. Mary V. Beekman, of Chester, died
April 29, 1893, aged 89 years Mrs. Beekman was born in New Jersey,
May 2, 1804; married to Mr. Martin Beekman in the spring of 1840,
and came to their home where she has since resided.
DR. JAMES HYDE. Dr. James Hyde, of the city of Eaton Rapids,
died January 26, 1893, aged 60 years. He came to Eaton Rapids with
his parents when nine years old, and was born in Willsonburg, N. H.,
April 8, 1833.
MRS. HOMER G. BARBER. Lucy Dwight Barber, wife of Homer G.
Barber, of Vermontville, died May 1, 1893. A resident of the county
since her youth.
MRS. JANE LAMB. Jane Ball, born August 4, 1808, in Ovid, N. Y. In
1825 married Charles Johnson, who died a few years later, leaving a
son who grew to manhood and died of consumption December 15, 1833.
She married Richard Lamb, in Clyde, N. Y. They moved to Michigan
in 1835 and settled in Linden, Genesee county, where he built the first
log house in the village. By him she had one son and five daughters.
On December 15, 1870, they moved to Charlotte, where her husband
died April 29, 1886. She died in Charlotte May 25, 1893, leaving three
MEMORIAL REPORT GENESEE COUNTY. 79
daughters, Mrs. Stone, of Fen ton, Mrs. Klock, of Charlotte, and Mrs.
Arthur, of Dowagiac.
STEPHEN DAVIS. Stephen Davis was born in Pittstown, Rensselaer
county, N. Y., April 3, 1799. When 15 years of age he moved to
Pompey, Onondaga county, N. Y., June 4, 1823, he was married at Delphi
in the same county to Maria Andrews. In 1836 they moved to Goguac
Prairie, in Calhoun county, Mich., and in March, 1838, to Charlotte;
later he bought some wild land in Benton and cleared up a farm
there. Mrs. Davis died February 28, 1857, and for the last 28 years
he has made his home with his son-in-law, Nathan Johnson, in
Charlotte, where he died May 30, 1893, aged 94 years.
STEPHEN TUTTLE. Stephen Tuttle was born near Dundas in Canada,
November 26, 1807; he was left an orphan at five years of age; lived
with a Mr. Fromon until 21 years of age; a year later he married
Clarinda Parker, of Batavia, N. Y., where he soon removed; while
there five daughters and four sons were born. In the fall of 1851
they removed to Eaton county, Mich., and settled on a farm two miles
northeast of Charlotte. Mrs. Tuttle died in 1868; his second wife was
Mrs. Conkrite, of Danby, who lived only two years. He then married
Mrs. Eliza Eay, who still survives him. He was a member of the M.
E. church until 1845, when he left them and joined the First Day
Advent church. There being no church of that order in Charlotte,
he again united with the M. E. church, of which he was a member at
the time of his death, June 3, 1893. Eight of his children are still
living: Wm. M. Tuttle, Batavia, N. Y.; Mrs. John Pixley, of Grand
Rapids; John W., of Battle Creek; A. Clark Z., of Dimondale; Mrs.
Philo Collins, of Grand Rapids; Mrs. Julia Daniels, of California; and
Roby Strong, of Kalamazoo; Stephen N. Tuttle. All the above but
Julia Daniels and Wm. M. were present at the funeral.
GENESEE COUNTY.
BY JOSIAH W. BEGOLE.
MBS. HARBISON G. CONGER. Deniza, wife of Harrison G. Conger,
died May 23, 1893, at her home on section 2 in Burton, of heart
disease, after an illness of a year and a half's duration. Deceased,
who was widely known and highly respected, was born in Kentucky
80 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
seventy-five years ago and was a daughter of Stephen J. and Betsey
Seeley. She came to this county with her parents at the age of
sixteen years, and fifty-three years ago was united in marriage to Mr.
Conger. They took up their residence on a new farm in Davison and
lived thereon for some years. Forty- three years ago they removed to
Burton. Deceased was one of the pioneers of the county and was for
many years a member of the M. E. church. Besides her husband she
leaves three children and three brothers. The children are Mark D.,
of Burton; Mrs. L. G. Herrington, of Otisville; and Mrs/ Holden
Phillips, of Kichfield. The brothers are M. D. Seeley, of Ludington ;
Judson, of Burton; and Norris, of Otisville. About three years ago
Mr. and Mrs. Conger celebrated their golden wedding.
JOHN DARLING. John Darling died at his home in Gaines, March 3,
1893, aged 89 years.
He was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., and came to Michigan
forty years ago, removing later on to Gaines. He leaves five children.
MR. EGGLESTON. Mr. Eggleston died at his home in July, 1892.
Mr. Eggleston was born September 14, 1810, in Champlain county,
N. Y. His boyhood days were spent in labor on the farm, and
he had the educational advantages of the common schools of that
time. January 10, 1836, he married, in Orleans county, Malinda
Beecher, who survives him. In 1837, they settled in the woods
near the Half-way House in Flint, remaining there two years. He
then bought a farm on section seventeen, not far from the farm
on which he died. He and his family had to be ferried across the
river by the Indians to go to the new home. When they located
in their little cabin their nearest neighbors were in what is now
Flint city, one or two families at Flushing, and one or two at
Swartz Creek. There were literally no roads, but he had to go to
mill at Birmingham in Oakland county a journey that required as
much time as it would now to go to St. Paul and back. He and his
faithful wife wrought out their destiny in the wilderness, and did their
full share of pioneer work, and bore their full share of the hardships
and privations of the time. They cleared up the forest, reared their
children, gave them an education, instructed them in the principles of
integrity and duty, so that when the sons grew up they became good
citizens and the daughters good housekeepers. In time they changed
the wilderness into a farm of broad acres, with a large and elegant house,
ample barns, good orchards, and surrounded themselves with the
comforts of life. When Mr. Eggleston died he had done his part of
MEMORIAL REPORT GENESEE COUNTY. 81
the world's work and was gathered to his fathers like well ripened
fruit. Mr. Eggleston had no church affiliations, but was a liberal
supporter of religious institutions, and his example and voice were on
the side of justice and morality.
Besides his wife the following children survive him: Lyman, Chaun-
cey J., and Jasper; Mrs. J. H. Carey and Mrs. Robert Noble of Flint
township, Mrs. Robert Knight of Maple Grove, Mrs. Wm. Goods of
Flint, and Mrs. Charles Packard of Saginaw. The latter spent thirteen
weeks in caring for her father, showing a filial devotion rarely excelled.
Mr. Eggleston was buried in the Cronk cemetery beside his parents
and two children who died in infancy. A good man has passed away
but the memory of an upright and useful life survives him.
DR. ISAAC N. ELDRIDGE. Dr. Isaac N. Eldridge died at his home
in Flint, January 18, 1893, of heart failure.
At the time of his death, Dr. Eldridge was the pioneer physician of
Flint. He was born at Bergen, N. Y., August 5, 1818. When quite a
young man he came to Michigan and settled at Ann Arbor, from which
place he came to Flint about forty years ago and has since been a
successful practicing physician here. Dr. Eldridge was a man of
eminence in his profession. His success and skill as a practitioner
won for him a wide reputation. To his efforts, probably more than
any other one influence, was due the establishment of the School of
Homeopathy as a branch of the Michigan State University, and for
years he was connected with the school as a member of the board of
examiners or in some other capacity. He was a man of character and
education. He was a close student and although an old man, with a
large practice to look after, kept thoroughly abreast of the times in all
advancement made in his profession up to the present day. He was a
manly man who had the courage of his convictions. It was his nature
to be frank and honest, and in conversation he often expressed himself
so frankly that it sometimes gave him the appearance of being incon-
siderate of others' feelings; but such was never the case; few people
possess a more sympathetic or sensative nature 'or delicacy of feeling
than Dr. Eldridge did, and no man was ever more unwavering in his
loyalty to a friend or a principle he believed in than was he.
He never sought office, but has at different times been called to
positions of public trust, and always filled the place with credit to
himself and satisfaction to the public.
He enjoyed the respect of the community, and the faith reposed in
11
82 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
him by most of his patients was something remarkable. He was a
member of the Court street Methodist church since 1851.
Besides a widow he leaves four sons and two daughters, viz.: Dr. C.
S. Eldridge of Chicago, John H., Monty, Fred A., and Mrs. F. H.
Humphery of Flint, and Mrs. Woodbury of Detroit.
The physicians of Flint held a meeting and passed resolutions of an
appropriate character.
DANIEL FROST. Daniel Frost of Flint township died February 13, 1893>
of heart failure. He was about seventy years old, and was an old
settler in this county. For a great many years he owned and lived
upon a farm now owned by George Caldwell, on the Flushing road.
From there he came to the city to live, but later bought and moved
onto the "Wood" farm in Flint township where he died. He was a
straightforward, upright man, who enjoyed the confidence and respect
of all who knew him. He leaves a widow and five children, viz.; A. C.
Frost of Flint, Arthur and Burt Frost of Flint township, Mrs. Eeed
Howland of Mundy, and a daughter who lives at home.
MRS. GEO. J. W. HILL. Mrs. Geo. J. W. Hill died at her home in
the town of Flint May 28, 1893, of heart failure, aged sixty-five years.
The deceased was born at Bath, New York, but had lived in Genesee
county for nearly fifty years. She was well known and highly esteemed
and respected in this community, where she and her husband resided
eo long. She was a lady of literary taste and culture, and was one of
the charter members of the late Ladies' Library Association of Flint,
and its last treasurer. The children who survive her are Frank B. of
Denver, Arthur G. of Escanaba, Flora of Ann Arbor, and Harry, Sarah,
Helen and Alice who are at home. The present address of Fred, who
is in the west, is not known.
i
ADAM C. KLINE. Adam C. Kline died in Grand Blanc September
18, 1892, after a long illness.
Deceased was born May 31, 1812, in the Mohawk Valley, town of
Amsterdam, Montgomery county, N. Y. He came to Flint, Michigan,
late in 1835, engaged in blacksmithing in 1836 in company with the
late Daniel S. Freeman. For many years he engaged in farming in
Grand Blanc. Besides a widow he leaves seven sons and two daughters,
Samuel and Mrs. Darwin Forsyth of Flint, Daniel F,, Kichard, John,
Levi, and Miss Carrie, of Grand Blanc; Charles of Shiawassee county;
and Andrew of Nebraska. Also three brothers and one sister, Mrs.
MEMORIAL REPORT GENESEE COUNTY. 83
Bradley, of Eldorado, Kansas; James, of Kingston, Minnesota; Joseph
and George, of Flint.
JOSEPH KLINE. Joseph Kline, a brother of Adam C. Kline, died at
his home in Flint, on November 10, 1892, quite unexpectedly, having
been upon the street only a few hours before dissolution took place.
The deceased was born at Amsterdam, N. Y., August 20, 1823. He
came to Michigan in 1836, and located at Grand Blanc, but soon
afterwards came to Flint and settled. He had resided where he died
for thirty-seven years. He was a man of quiet, unassuming character,
and took little active part in public affairs, but was highly esteemed by
all who knew him. He was an honorable, upright, Christian man. He
joined the Court street M. E. church in 1847, and was a charter
member of the Garland street M. E. church.
His family consists of a wife, one son, Louis T., of Alpena, and one
daughter, Mrs. D. M. Eddy, of Flint, all of whom survive him.
JUDGE WARNER LAKE. Judge Warner Lake died at his home in
Flint, June 13, 1892, aged 82 years.
Judge Lake was born at Mt. Morris, N. Y., October 4, 1809. April
4, 1833, he married Elizabeth Butler, at Mt. Morris, by whom he had
three children, Martin and Mrs. Chauncey Wisner, of Saginaw, born in
Mt. Morris, and Charles, now of Coldwater, born in Genesee, north of
Flint, on the farm now owned by O. D. Wager. The family came to
Michigan in 1837. He settled in the village of Flint and built the
Exchange hotel opposite the present court house, the second hotel in
Flint. A number of years he carried on this hotel and ran a line of
.stages to Pontiac. Later, for a short time, he lived on a farm north of
the city above named. In 1842 he removed to Hartland, Livingston
county, and engaged in farming, returning to Flint in 1850. In 1852
he was elected judge of probate, which office he held eight years. In
1859 he was appointed trustee of the Kalamazoo asylum.
Soon after the war broke out he was made provost marshal of this
congressional district with headquarters here. Soon after the close of
the war he was appointed deputy assessor of internal revenue, which
office he held for a number of years. Since retiring from that office
he has been prominent in the insurance business, being a member of
the local board of underwriters.
His wife died June 17, 1882. She was a woman of strong religious
convictions, a member of the Baptist church, and a vigorous temper-
ance worker.
Judge Lake was a man of warm heart and generous impulses, a
84 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
good citizen, loyal to the core, and in his prime was a man of much
influence in the community. His death even at this advanced age will
be sincerely mourned by scores of men who have known the genial
kindness of his heart.
Besides the three children named, he leaves one brother in Mt.
Morris, N. Y., also several grandchildren.
Judge Lake was not a member of any church, but was treasurer of
the Baptist church in Flint many years, and he illustrated in his
daily life the precepts of a correct Christian morality.
MRS. HANNAH M. HOPKINS. Mrs. Hannah Miles Hopkins who was
prostrated by a stroke of apoplexy Monday morning, passed peacefully
away Saturday afternoon, June 18, 1892, at the residence of Frank E.
Willett, where she had been making her home much of the time
during the past few years. The deceased, whose maiden name was
Miles, was born in Homer, Cortland county, N. Y., May 20, 1821. In
June, 1839, she came to Flint, and on January 14, 1847, she was
united in marriage to Henry Hopkins, who died in September, 1853.
On April 18, 1864, she was married to Geo. S. Hopkins, and four
years later she was again left a widow. Since that time she had.
occupied positions of trust in different households, and in an humble
way she showed herself to be a true Christian and by example taught
many lessons of patience and self-denial. She was greatly esteemed
by all who knew her and her death has caused sincere regret among a
large circle of friends and acquaintances who had learned to respect
and admire her for. her many sterling qualities of character. She
leaves to mourn her loss one son, Nelson, of Flint, and one grand-
daughter, Alice L. Hopkins, who is a member of the family of Wm,
A. Miller.
IRETUS PERRY. Iretus Perry died February 3, 1893, at his residence
in Flint. Deceased was born in Grand Blanc in 1837, and was a son
of the late George Perry. He was raised on a farm and on reaching
manhood's estate was united in marriage to Miss Emma Adams, who
with one child, Mrs. Elmer Halsey, survives him. After his marriage
the deceased moved to Fenton and later to Byron, where he was
engaged in the drug business for some time. He then moved back to
Fenton and later to Flint township, subsequently removing to Union
City and engaging in the hardware business. Six years ago he took
up his residence in Flint.
Mr. Perry was highly respected by all who knew him, and besides-
his wife and child he leaves several brothers and sisters, among them
MEMORIAL REPORT GENESEE COUNTY. 85
Kay of Grand Blanc, Robert and Oliver of Fenton. One of the sisters,
Mrs. Frary, lives in Fenton, and the other two in California.
SEYMOUR PERRY. Seymour Perry died February 6, 1893, of heart
failure.
Deceased was born in Monroe county, N. Y., March 13, 1818. In
1820 he came to Michigan and settled with his parents in Grand
Blanc township where he has lived continuously for 67 years. He
leaves a wife and six children: Lee, Joshua K., Mrs. Henry Mason,
Mrs. Geo. R. Mason, Ella, and Mrs. Frank Swift. Mr. Perry was one
of the prominent farmers of his township and an ardent, life long
republican. His work has been well done and his name, honored and
revered, will live long in the memory of his fellows.
E. W. RISING. E. W. Rising, founder of the village of Davison,
died April 30, 1893, at his residence in that village from the effects of
a stroke of paralysis received two weeks ago. His death has caused a
gloom in Davison, in the upbuilding of which village he had been so
greatly interested, and his death is a severe blow to the promising little
town. Mr. Rising during his lifetime did more than any other person
toward the upbuilding of Davison, erecting the Davison hotel, a brick
block with four stores, Rising's hall and the New Era roller mills. At
the time of his death he was engaged in the erection of two brick
stores, the material for which was on hand, and the foundation had
been completed for two other brick stores.
E. W. Rising was born in Franklin county, N. Y., on October 8,
1822, and was a son of Sylvester and Sally Rising. At the age of
nine years he removed with the family to Niagara county in the same
state, where he grew to manhood, and was united in marriage to Mary
Ann Drake. In 1848 he came to Richfield, this county, with his wife
and settled on a farm of 80 acres, which he added to and brought to
such a state of perfection that for some years he was awarded the
premium offered by the State agricultural society for the best farm in
Michigan. He always took a great interest in the society and all
things connected with agriculture, and was for -many years a member
of the executive board of the State agricultural society and was chair-
man of the Agricultural College board at the time the buildings were
erected. Mr. Rising was also president of the Genesee county agri-
cultural society for some years, and a short time before his death
received an appointment as delegate to the agricultural congress at the
World's Fair at Chicago the following October. He also served as
postmaster at Davison under President Cleveland.
86 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
In 1872 he sold his farm in Eichfield and moved to the present site
of Davison and purchased a farm of 240 acres. With McQuigg &
Hyatt he platted the village of Davison and a few years later
purchased their interest. All his endeavors were concentrated toward
the welfare and upbuilding of the village, which will prove an
enduring monument to his industry and perseverance. The sites of
the M. E. and Baptist churches at Davison were given by Mr. Rising
to these church societies. He was a man highly respected by all who
knew him, and his death is sincerely regretted.
Besides his wife he is survived by his father, who is now in his
ninety-third year, his brother Henry C. % of Davison, and three sisters
all of Richfield. They are Mrs. Oscar Clemens, Mrs. John Moore,
and Mrs. James Root. Mr. Rising was a member of Davison Lodge,
236, F. & A. M., and the interment was made with Masonic ceremonies.
DANIEL H. SEELEY. Daniel H. Seeley, perhaps the oldest living
pioneer of Genesee county, died at his home in Genesee township,
June 28, 1892, at the age of 87 years. He was born in Bridgeport,
Conn., April 13, 1805, and came to Flint in 1836 when there were only
ten families and seven buildings here. Indians, however, were plenti-
ful, and it was no unusual sight to see as many as four hundred
braves with their families pass the home of this old settler. He was
married in Brockport, N. Y., September 2, 1827, to Miss Julia A. Taylor.
As above stated he came to Flint, bringing his young wife with him in
the spring of 1836, building the eighth house erected in the city. He
also built a tailor shop and store, the latter being the second business
place erected in the city. The first court here was held in his shop and
the first meeting of the board of supervisors took place in the same place.
In 1843 Mr. Seeley moved on his farm in Genesee township where he
has since lived. He was obliged to cut a road to the log shanty he
found on the place before lumber could be hauled to it. Constant
protection was required against the inroads of wild animals, of which
there were plenty.
In more respects than one the late Daniel H. Seeley of Genesee,
was a remarkable man. One of his chief characteristics was the love
he bore his children and grandchildren. Although himself deprived
of that advantage, he gave his children a college education, and has
educated or was educating at the time of his death, each and every
one of his grandchildren. Mr. Seeley possessed in a remarkable
degree that virtue esteemed the greatest by the Great Teacher of
Judea, and possessed in its true sense by so few the virtue of
MEMORIAL, REPORT GENESEE COUNTY. 87
charity. No man was ever heard to utter one word of reproach
against this honest old pioneer, and more remarkable still, no man ever
heard him utter aught but good of his fellows. In his death the
county has lost one of its most valued citizens, and his children one
who was more to them than father.
Mr. Seeley was a prominent member of the Congregational church,
and was a man of excellent character and much influence in the
community. He was a successful farmer and stockbreeder. His farm
was a model of good cultivation, neatness, and good order, and his
home was elegant and even luxurious. He illustrated in his deport-
ment and way of living how entirely possible it is for a farmer to be
a gentleman, if it is in him to be a gentleman. He was courteous
and polite in his manners, correct in his speech, affable but dignified
in his intercourse with men, neat in his dress and personal appear-
ance a thing which is not necessarily beyond the attainment of any
reasonably prosperous farmer. His aged wife survives him. Three
sons and one daughter are also living. They are Hon. Marvia L.
Seeley, who resides on the home farm, Dr. Frank T. Seeley of Iowa,
and Theron V. Seeley of Mt. Morris village. The daughter is Mrs.
F. A. Burroughs also of Mt. Morris. Another daughter was Mrs. A.
R. Bray, now deceased, mother of Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
Everett L. Bray.
MR. ABEL SEELYE. Mr. Abel Seelye, of Davison, died at his home
in that township on Nov. 7, 1892, aged 74 years. The deceased was
one of the fast disappearing pioneers of the county and was among the
first settlers of Davison township. He enjoyed the esteem and good
will of a very large circle of acquaintances, and with his, ends a busy
and useful life.
DR. A. A. THOMPSON. Dr. A. A. Thompson, one of Flint's most
respected citizens and foremost physicians died at his home August 23,
1892. Dr. Thompson was born at Richmond, Vermont, sixty-three
years ago. He was a graduate of Oberlin college and of the Michigan
State University. He was a successful physician and business man,
and was prominent in social circles as well. He was surgeon of the
Twelfth Michigan Infantry during the war. He was professor of anat-
omy in Olivet College, and represented the United States as her consul
at Goderich, Canada, for some time, besides filling other places of
public trust; he was a man of brains and high intellect. His manner
was mild and pleasing; he was the soul of honor and was always an
ideal gentleman under any circumstances. He stood high in his
88 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
profession, and the news of his death was met everywhere with
expression of sincere regret.
GEORGE S. WOODHULL. George S. Woodhull, a wealthy pioneer of
Fenton township residing near Long Lake and the owner of Wood-
hull's landing at that place, died June 7, 1891, after a brief illness.
Deceased was about 70 years of age and located in Fenton in 1843.
He held various town offices in Fenton and for a number of years was
president of the Genesee Union Pioneer Society. Deceased leaves
four children, one son and three daughters, and ten grandchildren.
IRA D. WRIGHT. Ira D. Wright died at his home on the Miller
road, just outside the western city limits of Flint, May 7, 1893. He
was one of the oldest pioneers of Genesee county and one of the
founders of the city. The death of Mr. Wright marks the close of a
long and eventful life. He was born in Washington township, Cheshire
county, N. H., August 3, 1808. In 1814 he removed with his parents
to Bethany, Genesee county, N. Y., where he was reared to manhood.
In 1834 the subject of this sketch, together with Eobert. F. Stage and
A. C. Stevens, came to Flint, then a small village, and purchased in
Genesee county some three thousand acres of land, including a tract of
two hundred acres which embraced what is now a portion of the city
of Flint lying between Court street and the river, and east of Saginaw
street. This land was then in a wild state. They at once set a force
of men clearing this land and returned to New York. The next spring
they returned and much of this land was then planted.
In October, 1835, they opened the first general store in the county
at Grand Blanc. The goods were moved to Flint, where a suitable
building had been erected, in June, 1836. In the second story of this
building the pioneers, without regard to sect or creed met for worship.
The deceased in company with Mr. Stage, also had the honor of
erecting the first building for school purposes in this city. This was
a board shanty twelve by sixteen feet, erected in 1836 on the east side
of Saginaw street. Miss Philanda Overton was employed as teacher,
and education was furnished free to the hardy children of the pioneers
of Flint. The deceased and his partner, Mr. Stage, also built the first
dam and first saw mill in the city. After running this mill for seven
years, Mr. Wright engaged in the business of landlooking. He held
the office of deputy United States timber agent for three years and
during that time entered 50,000 acres of pine lands for one firm.
Mr. Wright settled on the farm where he has since lived and where
he died, on section 9, Smith's reservation, Flint township, 1853. March
MEMORIAL REPORT HILLSDALE COUNTY. 89
22, 1842, he was married to Miss Marietta Ingersoll, daughter of one
of the pioneers of Oakland county, who died October 27, 1891. Mr.
Wright at the time of her death told his children he would not long
survive her. He leaves two children, Etta and Melvin W.
As highway commissioner Mr. Wright laid out the first road in Flint
township and Genesee county. He has also held the office of deputy
United States Marshal. In politics Mr. Wright was a democrat and
cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson. There were only four families
-of white people in this city when he came. He was a member of the
State pioneer association. Mr. Wright has always been a generous
contributor to churches, benevolences and educational institutions. His
hospitality was proverbial.
Detroit, May 9, 1893.
FRIEND RANKIN A letter from a Flint friend today, advises me of the death
of another old citizen a veritable pioneer Mr. Ira D. Wright.
One of the first men pointed out to me after my arrival in Flint thirty-five
years ago, was "Ira Wright;" and the name was not unfamiliar to me. I had
heard of Ira Wright long before I saw him, or had heard of such a place as
Flint.
Like myself, but more than twenty years before me, he had come to Mich-
igan from the same village in western New York; and it was from his former
companion, Mr. John H. Stanley, in whose store I was for a time a youthful clerk,
that I heard of the genial, fun-loving young fellow, who had determined to seek
his fortune in the wilds of Michigan. This' early friend of Mr. Wright had
many amusing tales to tell of youthful escapades, wherein the jolly Ira was
foremost and funny, amongst the young bucks of the village.
Mr. Wright enjoyed often to stop on the street, and ask concerning the men
whom he left behind as young fellows, a half century before.
The familiar figure of this amiable old gentleman will be missed on the streets
he had trodden so long; while words of kindness and respectful regard will
always accompany a mention of the name of Ira D. Wright.
M. S. ELMORE.
HILLSDALE COUNTY. -
BY WM. DRAKE.
ARTHUR H. CRANE. Hon. Arthur H. Crane died June 4, 1892, of
paralysis, aged 78 years. He was well known as a representative farmer
in both Hillsdale and Lenawee, having served on the boards of super-
visors of both counties. He was a member of the legislature from '69
12
90 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
to '72, and was esteemed as a gentleman of sterling character and
strong intellect. He was married three times, a wife and children
surviving him.
ISAAC ORCUTT. Died in Warren, Idaho county, Idaho, Saturday,
February 4, 1893, Isaac Orcutt, a native of New York, aged 68 years.
Mr. Orcutt was one of the pioneers of Florence and Warren basins,
and a better man never trod the footstool. Until within the last eighteen
months he was possessed of extraordinary strength and physical endur-
ance, but he finally was prostrated with dyspepsia and the end was
expected for some time. The entire population turned out next day to
pay the last sad rites over the remains of one who was the embodi-
ment of all the virtues which belong to the fast departing race of
pioneer heroes. 'No death has occurred in Warren within our
recollection which excited such feelings of genuine grief. Idaho Free
Press.
We are indebted to N. W. Thompson of Ft. Wayne, Indiana, for
the following interesting history in connection with the life of the
deceased :
" Isaac Orcutt was a pioneer to Hillsdale county. His father, Amba
Orcutt, moved into Florida (now Jefferson) in September, 1836, and
his daughter (now Mrs. Phebe Jones, residing at 5221 South Halsted
street, Chicago), was born in October, 1836, being the first white child
born in the town of Florida, which at that time comprised the present
townships of Jefferson, Ransom and east one-half of Amboy. Ike was
the oldest of nine children, the youngest born in 1850. One child
died in infancy in 1848. Since that time there have been no deaths
of the children until Ike's death broke the circle.
" Ike went to California in 1852, in company with four of his uncles,
Fred, George, Henry and Cornelius Duryee. He went to British
Columbia in 1861, then to Florence, Idaho, in 1862 or '63, and since
then has resided in the Salmon Kiver mountains. He told me in 1888
that he had not seen a railroad train in 22 years, and had not lived
in that time where you could get to him with a wagon only by mount-
ain trails."
GEORGE ANSON SMITH. Hon. Geo. A. Smith, of Somerset, died at
his home in that village January 29, 1893.
He was born in Danbury, Conn., March 8, 1825, and was nearly 68
years of age.
Deceased was an honored citizen of Somerset and Hillsdale county,
where he resided from the age of 14 years, leaving an honorable record
MEMORIAL REPORT HILLSDALE COUNTY. 91
and respected family. Mr. Smith has long occupied a prominent place
in public matters in the county and state. He was elected to the lower
house of the legislature in 1863, and served two terms afterward as
senator from the district composed of Hillsdale and Branch counties.
He was also president of the county agricultural society, and served
twenty years as postmaster in his own place. Public spirited and
progressive, combining the qualities of the successful farmer and busi-
ness man, he will be missed in his own home .and in public life.
Mr. Smith leaves a wife, five sons, and three daughters: Fred S.,
farmer and stock dealer, farm adjoining homestead; Azariel, miller and
banker, Addison, Mich.; Rev. Geo. Le Grande, Chicago; Stewart K.,
civil engineer, Seattle, Wash.; Frank R., at home in charge of home-
stead; Mrs. A. T. Daniels, Topeka, Kan.; Mary A., and Catherine B.,
at home.
HORACE TURNEE. Horace Turner died on September 6, 1892. He
had lived in South Adams 43 years. Mr. Turner was born at Otisca,
Madison county, New York, July 5, 1807; was married in 1829 to
Deborah Terril, and moved to Michigan, living at Palmyra for a time.
In 1849 he moved upon the farm four miles east of Hillsdale, then an
almost unbroken wilderness. Here they endured all the hardships of a
pioneer life. Six children were given them, four of whom are living,
three daughters and one son, who with the aged companion, now 87
years old, are left to mourn. For 63 years they walked the rugged
path of life side by side, rejoicing in the sunshine and sorrowing in
the shade. He was a faithful, consistent, hard working, untiring
Christian and an honest man. His family, neighbors, and all who
knew him best will unite in saying he has not knowingly taken one
penny that belonged to others. In politics he was a staunch republican.
Strictly a temperance man, he believed in the equality of man and
that religious duties consisted in doing justice, toving mercy, and
endeavoring to make his fellow beings happy.
HON. ROBERT WOKDEN. The remains of Robert Worden were
brought to Hudson and buried in the Goodrich cemetery, in Pittsford
township, where he first settled fifty-nine years ago, and where he
resided until a few years ago. He died at the home of his daughter,
Mrs. Post, in Owosso, May 2, 1893. Mr. Worden was elected treasurer
of Hillsdale county in 1843, which office he held two terms. In 1852
he was elected to the legislature from the first representative district
of this county.
The following is from the Hudson Post of May 6, 1893:
92 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Mr. Worden was one of the pioneers of this vicinity, and but few of
his comrades of early days remain on earth. He came to Michigan in
1834 and purchased a tract of government land, the old farm which he
sold to Dr. Billings a few years ago, and which is located one mile
north and one mile west of Hudson.
Robert Worden was honored in years gone by, having been elected
to the legislature, and also to the office of county treasurer, and other
positions of trust. In politics a radical democrat, he was always ready
to advocate his belief, and in times of eampaign was counted on as an
active and effective political worker.
Mr. Wordon was very widely known and had many friends who
remembered him as he was in days gone by. He was a true friend
and bitter enemy. His memory will be kindly treasured, for he was
one of the rugged pioneers whose life work was the clearing away of
the forests and making productive a country which is the pride of the
present generation.
INGHAM COUNTY.
BY C. B. STEBBINS.
1892.
June 15. In Lansing, Henry S. Sleeper, aged 51 years. He was
county clerk in Kalamazoo seven years, and deputy commissioner of
the State land office twelve years.
June 17. In Williamston, George Burchard, Sr.,'aged 70 years.
July 5. In Lansing, A. M. Cheney, aged 55 years. He came to
Michigan 38 years ago.
July 16. Mrs. Kate E. Burr, one of the early settlers of Lansing,
Aged 73 years.
July 28. In Lansing, Mrs. Mary A. Nash, aged 75 years. She had
resided in Lansing 38 years.
July 28. In Lansing, Francis E. West, aged 76 years. He helped
survey the town of Lansing. In the latter part of his life he was
totally blind.
August 10. In Meridian, Charles W. Smith, aged 62 years. He had
resided in Michigan 45 years and in Meridian 39 years.
MEMORIAL, REPORT INGHAM COUNTY.
August 19. Russell Blair, 33 years a resident of Lansing, died at
Hastings, aged 87 years. He was buried at Lansing.
September 10. Mrs. Thomas Shipp, a resident of Lansing since 1856,
aged 64 years.
September 15. Nathan Welden, aged 72 years. He was a resident
of Lansing from its organization.
September 18. In Lansing, George W. Bliss, aged 54 years. He
was born in Washtenaw county and came to Lansing in 1874.
October 9. Mrs. A. Houghton, of Lansing, aged 87 years.
October 10. Thomas Meagber died while sitting at the breakfast
table, aged 62 years. He was a Canadian by birth and had resided in
Lansing 27 years.
October 29. Fred Bauerly, aged 59 years. He was of German birth,
and had resided in Lansing 35 years.
October 31. L. A. Torrance, aged 72 years. He had lived many
years on his farm just outside of the city of Lansing.
November 7. Dr. Theophilus C. Abbot, LL. D., twenty-three years
president of the Agricultural College, aged 76 years. His biography
will appear at large on another page.
November 14. Mrs. Sally A. Williams, aged 68 years. She resided
in Lansing since 1844.
November 15. Charles Westcott, aged 72 years. He came to Lan-
sing in 1848, coming from Warren, Ohio.
November 20. Mrs. Mary Loftus, aged 61 years. She was born in
Ireland and had lived in Lansing 27 years.
November 20. James Ennis, aged 80 years. He was born in New
York, and settled in Eaton Rapids in 1868, coming to Lansing in 1886.
1893.
January 18. Mrs. M. R. Scammon, aged 81 years. She was a
resident of Lansing since 1855.
January 27. Daniel Searles, an early pioneer of Mason, aged 80
years. He resided fifty years on one farm.
February 13. Miss Nancy S. Fuller, of Vevay, .aged 52 years. She
came to Michigan in 1856, and spent a large part of her life in
teaching.
February 20. Uncle Harry Grovenburg, aged about 83 years. He
was one of the first settlers of Delhi, where he resided 49 years. He
was buried on the sixty-first anniversary of his marriage.
March 9. Hiram Johnson, aged 88 years. He had resided near
Okemos many years.
94 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
March 19. Luke Hazen, of Lansing, aged 80 years. He came to
Michigan in 1835, was representative from Hillsdale county in 1848,
supervisor in the town of Allen three terms, town clerk of Litchfield
three terms, treasurer eleven years, and county clerk four years.
March 20. Mrs. Emily F. McKibbin, aged 75 years. She came to
Vevay from Vermont in 1836 and had resided in or near Lansing since
1838.
March 24. John A. Clippenger, aged -- years; one of the pioneer
residents of Lansing.
March 27. Mrs. Maria B. Pinckney, aged 65 years. She came to
Lansing with her husband, Wm. H. Pinckney in 1850,
March 31. Thomas E. McCurdy, aged 68 years. He had resided in
the vicinity of Okemos over 30 years.
March 31. Mrs. Mary P. Strong, aged 77 years. She came to
Lansing in 1856 with her husband who was for many years foreman
of the State Kepublican bindery.
May 2. Bernard C. Kelly, a resident of Lansing for over 30 years,
aged 56 years.
May 4. Mrs. Rhoda Barnes, aged 56 years. She came to Lansing
in 1848, was married to Mr. Barnes in 1855, and for 35 years had
resided in Delhi.
May 11. Mrs. S. M. Barrett, aged 83 years. She came from New
York to Lansing in 1853, where she had since resided.
May 17. Charles Foster, of Okemos, aged 68 years. He had resided
in Lansing and vicinity 43 years.
May 21. Jason D. Patridge, aged 86 years and seven months. He
was born in Vermont and was an old resident in the vicinity of
Lansing.
May 23. Mrs. Sarah A. Bidelman, aged 60 years. She had lived
in or near Lansing many years.
EDWIN BEEVES OSBAND. Edwin Beeves Osband was born in Nankin,
Wayne county, Mich., on Sunday, March 20, 1836, and died at Lansing,
Mich., December 8, 1892, aged 56 years, 8 months and 18 days. He
was the youngest of six sons born to William and Martha (Beeves)
Osband. His parents were natives of New York state and settled in
Nankin in 1825.
Edwin was reared upon his father's farm and educated in the district
schools except a few months attendance at the then existing college at
Leoni, and also at the opening of the Michigan Agricultural College
MEMORIAL REPORT-INGHAM COUNTY. 95
in 1857, he entered it with the design of completing the course, but
after a few months ill health compelled him to leave.
He learned the carpenter and joiner's trade and worked at it till the
summer of 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, 1st Michigan
Engineers and Mechanics, and in the autumn went with his regiment
to the front. He accompanied the advance of the army that steamed
into Nashville in 1862 after the confederates evacuated it. Almost
immediately after this he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at
St. Louis, Mo. His sickness proving serious and protracted, he was
permitted to return home to secure better care and medical aid. After
a few months he again reported at Detroit for service. Here he was
offered and accepted a detail, and served as hospital steward at Detroit
till early in 1864, when he returned to his regiment in Tennessee. He
was mustered out in front of Atlanta in the fall of 1864, just before
Gen. Sherman started on his famous march to the sea.
On February 3, 1864, before he rejoined his regiment he was married
to Miss Louise F., daughter of Daniel and Marcia (Ferris) Straight,
of Nankin. After leaving the army he acquired a half interest in the
farm formerly owned by Rev. Marcus Swift, of Nankin, and in
connection with farming he ran a country store in his residence a few
months. In 1866 he removed to Lansing, bought a lot and built a
residence on block 63, at the corner of Lapeer and Seymour streets,
where he resided till 1881. He then removed to a farm he had bought
one mile west of the city on Saginaw street, where he resided till the
time of his death. In 1886 he accepted the management of the
cooperative (Grangers') store at North Lansing, which position he held
three years, during which time his son, D. Gregory Osband, cared for
the farm.
As a business man Mr. Osband was successful and left his family in
comfortable circumstances. He was industrious, economical, intelligent,
strictly temperate, and a man of integrity. He was honored and
highly respected by his neighbors, among whom he had many friends.
He was an official member of the Congregational church, with which
he had been identified many years.
His last sickness was painful but brief. He had been ailing several
weeks, but kept about his business till the night of Tuesday, December
6, when he became violently ill. The next day his physician
pronounced his disease peritonitis of an aggravated form and advised
liim that if he had any business to do he had but little time to do it
in. He had kept his business in such form that it was soon arranged.
96 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
The end came the next (Thursday) afternoon. He left a wife, a son r
and two daughters to mourn his loss.
HELEN M. OSBAND. Helen M., wife of M. D. Osband, died at her
home in the city of Lansing, Mich., after a protracted and painful
illness of twenty-one months' duration, on Wednesday, August 3, 1892,
aged 56 years and 16 days.
Mrs. Osband was the daughter of Dr. Thomas and Lucretia B.
Hoskins, and was born at Lima, Washtenaw county, July 18, 1836. In
the autumn of that year her parents removed to Marion, Livingston
county. From thence in the summer of 1838 they returned to Wash-
tenaw and settled at Scio, where she was reared and received her
education in the common schools of that locality, except a term of six
months in a school of higher grade in 1852, at Leoni, Jackson county.
While in her teens she commenced teaching in the schools of the
rural districts around her home. As a teacher she was eminently
successful. She subsequently served a year as assistant in the House
of Correction, as the Industrial School at Lansing was then called.
On November 15, 1859, she was married to M. D. Osband, of
Lansing, and thenceforward Lansing became her home till her death,
except a few years' residence in Frederic, Crawford county, in 1882-8.
In early youth she united with the M. E. church in Dexter, an
adjacent village. Her religious nature was warm, broad and deep, and
unfolded in all her subsequent years into a symmetrical Christian
character. In Lansing she identified herself with Sunday school,
missionary, and temperance work, and with the interests of general
society, in all of which she became prominent and maintained her
positions while her health permitted. Life with her was barren unless
she could administer to the happiness of others. Her success in her
schools and her Sunday school work was secured by her habit of
making thorough preparation for her work before appearing before her
classes. Sh.e also loved her classes and each member thereof. This
gave her great influence over them. She was eminently social and
always welcome in the social circle. She was gifted in speech, warm
in heart, and bright in intellect, and was widely known and highly
respected. As a wife and mother she was faithful, loving, and
watchful. During her last illness her struggle for life was character-
ized by patience, cheerfulness, and fortitude. When at the last she
was told that her sufferings were nearly over she composedly remarked
"It is all right." She left a husband, a mother, a son, and daughter
to mourn her departure. She has gone to her reward and the world
is better for her having lived in it.
MEMORIAL REPORT IONIA COUNTY. 97
ION CA COUNTY.
BY ALBERT F. MOREHOUSE.
PETER H. ADAMY. Peter H. Adamy, who died July 7, 1892, was
supposed to be the oldest person living in Sebewa. He was born in
Minham township, Montgomery county, N. Y., May 16, 1805, of German
parentage, and his grandfather was conspicuous in the revolutionary
war. In 1810 he moved with his parents to Niagara county and spent
fifteen years in clearing up and cultivating the heavy timbered land of
that country. In 1827 he enlisted in the regular army for five years
and saw service in the Black Hawk war under General Brooks, who
had his headquarters at Green Bay. During a part of this time Mr.
Adamy was assigned to a post at Chicago, which was then composed
of a few Indian huts. Here he spent some time carrying the United
States mail from Chicago to Niles, Michigan. The route was simply
an Indian trail on which creeks had to be waded and rivers swum.
Along this route he had many encounters with the redskins.
In 1833 he left the army and went back to Niagara county and
spent some time in keeping store in Buffalo. In 1835 he moved to
Cleveland, Ohio, and on the 2d of September of the same year was
married to Sophia Van Duzen, and lived in Cleveland until 1853,
when he moved with his family to Monroe county, Michigan, where he
lived two years, and then moved with his family to Allegan county,
where he lived until 1862. In that year he moved to Ionia county,
stopping in the township of Orleans for one summer, and then settling
in the township of Sebewa, which was his home thereafter. In 1843
he was converted to the christain faith under the preaching of the
Rev. Sutton Hayden and became a member of the Church of Christ,
and remained a devoted Christian the remainder of his life. He was a
good soldier, a merchant, a farmer, and a devoted Christian, and one
who contributed two sons to the federal army during the late unpleas-
antness with the south. He leaves a wife, two daughters and four sons.
FELLOW GATES. Fellow Gates died at his home in Orange, January
15, 1893.
The deceased was born in Vermont in 1802 and was married to Mary
Williams in 1827. After his marriage he moved to New York, near
Niagara Falls, and from there went to Buffalo, and thence to Camden,
Ontario. In the year 1855, he moved and settled in the township of
Orange, Ionia county, where he and his sons erected a log cabin.
13
98 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
To Mr. and Mrs. Gates eight children were born, four sons, Elias,
Nathan, Freeman, and George, and four daughters, Each el, Sarah,
Elizabeth, and Caroline.
Mrs. Gates died April 11, 1881.
Mr. Gates was 91 years of age, and leaves four sons and three
daughters, thirty-five grandchildren, twenty-four great-grandchildren,
three great-great-grandchildren, besides a large number of friends to
mourn his loss. He was a kind father and an affectionate husband,
a true and good neighbor.
ANNA M. HEYDLAUFF. Anna M. Heydlauff died at the home of her
daughter, Mrs. S. Danner, in Ronald, Michigan, January 23, 1893, aged
83 years.
Her maiden name was Anna M. Wagnor. She was born at Haslech,
Kingdom of Wurtenburg, Germany, January 12, 1811. She was married
to C. F. Heydlauff September 13, 1831, and in 1837 removed to
America. Leaving her fatherland and all that was dear to her, crossed
the ocean, landed at New York, remained there a few days, and
continued their journey from there to Detroit, Michigan. From thence
they went to the town of Freedom, Washtenaw county, and settled
there, then an unbroken wilderness. Here they resided for 12 years, toil
and privation being their lot. In March, 1846, they removed to Ronald,
Michigan, where she resided the remainder of her life. Ronald can
truly say that she was a pioneer. She was the mother of nine children,
five of whom survive her, as follows: John Heydlauff of Day county,
South Dakota; Win. F. and L. H. Heydlauff of Ronald, Michigan;
Mrs. R. Miller of Sheridan, Michigan; and Mrs. S. Danner of Ronald,
Michigan. She was a good and devoted wife and a loving mother.
She led a quiet life always looking to the welfare of others. Mother
Heydlauff was a faithful Christian to the last. Her life was so true, so
pure, so unselfish, so full of love toward God and man. She had the
rare Christ-like attributes of love for the sinner.
REV. SMITH P. GAMAGE. Rev. Smith P. Gamage was born at
Crosgrove, Northampton county, England, December 28,, 1810. He was
converted in early, life and united with the Congregational church and
became a preacher at the age of 19 years. The principal points of his
first sermon were in writing and were present at his funeral. He
came to America in 1830 and soon afterward was ordained on Long
Island, near Brooklyn, and was married to Miss Lydia E. King the
same year. On the breaking out of the rebellion he enlisted as
MEMORIAL REPORT IONIA COUNTY. 99
chaplain in the 75th Regiment, colored infantry, New York volunteers,
&nd while in the service contracted diseases which terminated only
with death. In 1877 he with his family came from Isabella county to
Portland, where he continued to reside until his death. His health
had prevented any settled pastorate though he occasionally preached in
Sebewa and other places. He was fond of writing and had contem-
plated publishing one or more volumes on theological subjects, the
material for which he had on hand. For several years he was the
chaplain to the local post of the G. A. R. and was always present on
Decoration days, though for the last two years of his life he was
confined to his house nearly all the time. He was buried as he
desired by the attendance of the post at his funeral. He was of a
very amiable disposition and was much liked by all who knew him.
MRS. A. L. KELSEY. Mrs. A. L. Kelsey died at her home October
2, 1892, aged 86 years.
The subject of this sketch was the daughter of Ebenezer and
Rebecca Pinckney Hoyt and was born in July, 1806, in Montgomery
county, N. Y., and with her parents she removed to Rush, Monroe
oounty, N. Y., where in 1825 she married the late Hon. Levi Kelsey,
so well and favorably known to the older residents of Ionia county,
and who died in 1867.
Mr. and Mrs. Kelsey were the parents of seven children, all of
whom became residents of Ionia county, only three of whom are now
living, A. F. Kelsey, E. P. Kelsey, and Hannah, wife of Wm. B.
Taylor.
Mrs. Kelsey came to Ionia township with her husband and family
in 1857, where she continuously resided until her death, October 2, 1891.
Although she had been quite infirm for many years, her robust
constitution gradually yielding to repeated attacks of acute diseases
and to more than four score years of labor, anxiety, and sorrow, yet
her last sickness was of but few days' duration, and her passing away
was peaceful and quiet, like the sleep which the Father gives his
beloved. She was a member of the M. E. church for 60 years.
She was one of those, the tidings of whose death brings memories of
many words of cheer and acts of kindness, and with such memories
come sorrow and regret that not oftener were spoken words of
appreciation and of gratitude.
STEPHEN J. LINDLEY. Stephen J. Lindley died at his home in
Danby, December 5, 1892, aged 79 years. He had resided in Michigan
since 1853.
100 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
MKS. HENRIETTA PILKINTON. Mrs. Henrietta Pilkinton was born at
West Bloomfield, New York, in 1820, and was the daughter of Mr.
Harry Bradley, who with his family came to Northville, Wayne county,
Michigan, in 1829. Here she made a profession of religion and united
with the Congregational church. She was married to Stephen Pilkin-
ton in 1838, and with their little family moved to Sebewa, Ionia
county, in 1840. When the Congregational church of Portland was
organized, February 4, 1843, she with her husband were constituent
members, though living in a dense wilderness and at so great a
distance as to prevent attendance at public services of the church, and
so keenly was this privation felt that they removed to Portland in
184-, where they continued to reside until Mrs. Pilkinton's death,
December 17, 1892. The severe toil in clearing new land, and
privations incident to an unsettled county, laid the foundation for
disease, undermining the otherwise strong constitution and culminating
in death at the age of 72 years. Mrs. Pilkinton was highly esteemed
as a neighbor and Christian in the community where she was known.
EDWARD EABY. Edward Eaby died at Ionia November 30, 1892,
aged 75 years. He was a member of Company K, 14th Michigan
Infantry, and an old resident in this locality, having worked with the
first gangs in the construction of the Detroit and Milwaukee railroad.
ALMON EOSECRANS. Almon Eosecrans died at his home in Ionia
November 10, 1892. Mr. Eosecrans was born near Lockport, Niagara
county, N. Y., May 3, 1817, making his age 75 years, 6 months, 1
week. He was one of a family of seven children, six of whom were
left without parents while very young, consequently were, of necessity,
separated and cared for in different homes.
The subject of our sketch was taken when eight or nine years old r
to live with a Mr. Holmes, who soon after moved to Wayne county,
Mich. Mr. Eosecrans remained with them until he arrived at maturity.
Having a persevering nature and undaunted courage, supported by
a "never say fail" will, he pushed his way into Ionia county, then a
wilderness. In the year 1839 he purchased the farm he owned at the
time of his death, and in the year 1840 was married to Caroline
Brown, of Oakland county. Soon after their marriage they settled
upon their land, with the determination to convert it into a home.
With the genuine pluck which characterized many of the early
pioneers and with the assistance of a devoted and prudent wife (we
have often heard him say, " If ever a man had a helpmate, 1 had
one"), he cleared and improved his farm, reared and educated his
MEMORIAL REPORT IONIA COUNTY. 101
family, five sous and two daughters, who were with him as much as
possible during his last illness, to care for him and comfort the
surviving widow, who is past 70 years of age and keenly feels her
loss, but mourns not as one without the hope of a happy reunion
on the peaceful shores of heaven.
Mr. Eosecrans was an honest hearted Christian and a strong defender
of the United Brethren faith, to which church and cause he
contributed liberally.
The most sterling integrity and scrupulous honesty characterized his
life, both in dealings and conversation. His manner of expression was
plain and candid, and his character and the principles of his life were
worthy to be impressed upon the mind of the rising generation.
The minister very fittingly said at the obsequies: "As the aged and
respected pioneers pass away, it behooves us to recognize the traits
which made their lives successful." The last year of his life was
especially happy, socially and spiritually. He has always been a
republican in politics until two years ago when he voted the
prohibition ticket.
JAMES BRONSON SANFORD. The life which has so recently gone out
from among us deserves more than a passing notice, which has, for
nearly 50 years, mingled in the business of Ionia and been a familiar
figure on the streets. James Bronson Sanford was born in Ellisburgh,
Jefferson county, N. Y., August 8, 1822. When three years old his
parents removed to Camden, Oneida county. He came to Ionia with
his sister, Mrs. Emily Warner, in 1839, and was engaged in L. S.
Warner's store for a number of years. As the Indians were daily
customers he learned some parts of their language so as to trade with
them. He went to Chicago in 1844 and during the following years
was connected with some of the old wholesale and retail firms of Magie
& Co., Clark & Haines, then went into business for himself at 396
Lake street. He was married to Maria Yeomans, daughter of Erastus
Yeomans, September 8, 1846, raised six sons and three daughters.
The eldest son died three years since, the other children all survive
him and were all present at the funeral. He returned to Ionia in
1855 and took up farming. While in Chicago he united with St.
James Episcopal church and was one of three male members, in the
early history of the church here. His mother's family was identified
with the early settlement of central New York, his mother being the
second white child born at Fort Stanwix, near Rome in Oneida county.
He died September 13, 1892, aged 70 years, one month and five days.
102
ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
JACKSON COUNTY.
BY JOSIAH B. FROST.
Name.
Date of death.
Residence.
Birthplace.
Remarks.
1
Samael Adams
Oct 31 1892
Grass Lake
Canada
78
Asil D Avery
Sept 24 1892
Jackson
New York
76
PClisha S Balcom
Oct. 27 1892
Jackson .
Rhode Island
89
Nov 22 1892
Jackson
Ohio
67
Mary Ann Beckwith
July 12, 1892
Blackman
New York ...
75
Oct 11 1892
Sandstone
Maryland
77
Helen Beyhan
Feb. 8, 1898...
Aug. 1, 1892
Leoni
Jackson .
New York
Resident of county 30 yrs.
6S
Sylvester Buck
Oct. 8, 1892
Jackson .
New York
76
Bishop Barns
Dec. 2. 1892
Springport..
New York....
86
Susan Cady
Nov. 24, 1892
Jackson
New Hamp...
69*
July 26, 1892
Jackson
Ireland
6?,
Joseph Christopher
July 24, 1892
Jackson
New York
6ft
Margaret Cline
Dec. 31, 1892
Waterloo
Germany.
85
Eliphaz Dagget
Nov. 4, 1892
Henrietta.
New York
m
Calvin Edwards
Aug. 2 1892
Columbia
Vermont
86-
Mrs Charlotte Ellis
Jan 16 1893
Jackson
Resident 30 years
71
Wm. Erwin
Nov. 12 1892
Parma
New York
76
Chas. Evans
Aug. 24, 1892
Rives
New York
84-
Eliza Finch
Oct. 6, 1892
Liberty
Pennsylvania.
81
Benjamin Francisco
Aug. 28, 1892
Norvell.
Vermont . .
86
Shubal Fuller
July 21 1892
Columbia
New York
73
Mrs. Sarah Jane Garfield
Feb. 15, 1893
Rives
Resident of county 55 yrs.
66
Sarah Geiger
Nov. 19, 1892
Parma
Germany
81
David Green
Dec. 26, 1892
Norvell
New York
9ft
Perry D Hawley
Sept 10 1892
Resident 40 years.
John F. Hoover
Dec. 11 1892
Jackson
New York
6R
George Hnntington
Oct. 16, 1892
Concord.
Vermont
83-
Joseph Irwin
Aug. 8, 1892
Jackson
Illinois
69
Wm. B Joslin
Oct 7 1892
7R-
Noah Keeler
July 10 1892
Liberty
New York
80
Willard C. Lewis
Oct. 10, 1892
Jackson
Vermont
95
Ira Lowell
Feb. 15, 1893
Spring Arbor
Old resident .
Ann M. T>nras
Aug 27 1892
India
7t
Bernard Markey
Oct. 21, 1892..
Jackson
Resident for 40 years
74
Ira McGonegal
Dec 13 1892
Scotland
84
MEMORIAL REPORT-JACKSON COUNTY.
103
Name. ,
Date of death.
Residence.
Birthplace.
Remarks.
i
<!
lyTinirida MoKflfl
July 29, 1892 .
Jackson .
New York....
8?,
Elizabeth McQuillen
Sept. 9, 1892
Jackson
Ireland
8fl
Mary W. Merrimaii
June 10, 1892
Jackson
New York . .
69
Patton Morrison
Aug. 31, 1892
Ja<*kson
New York
67
Mary J. Moshier
Nov. 21, 1892
Sandstone
Old resident
64
Wm. C. Nicholas
Sept. 18, 1892
Jackson
New York
8?,
Wm Northrup
Oct. 8, 1892
Rives
New York
72
Eliza M. Olds
June 21, 1892
Jackson
Maryland
84
Lorinda Pease
Sept. 10, 1892
Grass Lake
New York
,
87
Lncinda Pickett . .
July 27, 1892
Jackson
New York
8?,
Wm. Raven
Sept. 16, 1892
Summit
England
77
Mark L. Ray
Oct. 8, 1892
Concord
Vermont
78
Hosea Reeve
Aug. 18, 1892
Rives
New York
86
Harriet E. Robison
Aug. 3, 1892
Jackson
-8?,
Mrs. Anna Rogers
June 26, 1892
Leoni
Resident since 1858.
88
Catherine Scott
Oct. 15, 1892..
Jackson
New York....
8?,
Philip B. Shaw
July 16, 1892
Sandstone
Ireland
68
Dorcas Sprague .. .
Oct. 7, 1892
Jackson
Maine
77
Burton Spencer
Dec. 12, 1892 .
Jackson ...
New York .
68
Gillet Stephens
July 19, 1892..
Hanovr .
New York....
84
Zenas Stilson
Dec. 1, 1892
Henrietta
New York
77
Wallace W. Sutton . .
Feb. 17, 1893
Leoni .
Old resident
59
Ebenezer Taylor
July 5, 1892
Grass Lake .
New York
81
Martin Tripp
Dec. 11, 1892
Horton
New York
71
Charles C. Turner
Aug. 8, 1892
Jackson
New York
Resident 55 years
61
Abraham Van Gordon
Dec. 10, 1892
Springport
86
Mrs. Susan F. Wallace
Feb. 8, 1893...
Spring Arbor
69
Rath Wallack
Oct. 24, 1892
Pulaski
New York
80
Perry Weatherby
July 30, 1892
Liberty
Old resident
Thomas Wheaton . .
Aug. 18, 1892 .
Grass Lake .
New York
83
Clarissa White
Nov. 2, 1892...
Jackson
Canada
65
Martha White
Aug. 31, 1892
Jackson
New York
80
Reuben White .
Dec. 15, 1892
Jackson
New York
76
Rosina Wickwire.
Dec. 4, 1892...
Black man
68
Thomas Woodliff
Oct. 21, 1892
Hanover
England
84
Caroline Woods
Aug. 9, 1892...
Jackson
New York....
86
Sarah Young
Nov. 9, 1892...
Jackson.'
New Jersey
Resident 40 years
89
JOSEPH F. BAILEY. Joseph F, Bailey died at the family residence,
533 North Blackstone street, Jackson, November 4, 1892, aged 61 years.
Deceased was born in Fairfield, Vt., in 1831, and came to Jackson
104 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
forty years ago. He had been a member of the First M. E. church
thirty-nine years, and there are but three members living who united
with the church so far back.
He leaves a wife and three children, one son and two daughters.
JAMES W. BENNETT. James W. Bennett died at Batavia, N. Y.,
November 10, 1892. Mr. Bennett was a native of New York, and for
a time had a place in the custom house in New York city. He was a
lawyer by profession and came to Jackson in 1854, where he has since
resided. During his residence here he was quite interested in politics,
being an ardent democrat. He was elected circuit commissioner, and
was also elected justice of the peace in Jackson. At one time he held
the place of city attorney. Squire Bennett had been in poor health
for some time. He was well known in Jackson and his familiar figure
will be missed.
CHAUNCEY K. BRONSON. Chauncey K. Bronson died at his home in
Minneapolis, Minn., February 10, 1893, aged 71 years.
Mr. Bronson came to Jackson with his parents in the days when
Michigan was a territory. He was born in Detroit and came from
that city to Jackson when but a boy, and for over fifty years resided
in this city continuously. All of those years Mr. Bronson was in the
dry goods trade, and had a personal acquaintance with nearly every
farmer in the county, as well as residents of the city. He was a man
noted for his generosity, and recipients of his aid and fatherly advice
will ever hold him in grateful remembrance. Some eleven years since
he removed to Minneapolis, but after taking up his abode in that city
frequently visited Jackson.
The news of his death will be received with sorrow by his numerous
friends in this city and county.
Deceased leaves a widow and three children, a daughter at Glendive,
Montana; a son at Whatcom, Washington; a son, Frank, manager of
the Fidelity National bank, at Chicago; and a brother, George, at
Tacoma, Washington.
OLIVEB E. COLE. Oliver K. Cole died at his home, corner of Black-
stone and Franklin streets, Jackson, August 26, 1892.
Mr. Cole was 79 years of age and had been an invalid for the last
15 years of his life, with bronchial consumption.
Rome, Oneida county, N. Y., was the birthplace of the deceased. In
1837 he left the state of New York for Michigan, being one month on
MEMORIAL REPORT JACKSON COUNTY. 105
the road. The journey was made on foot to Camden, Hillsdale county,
where Mr. Cole settled. His nearest neighbors were one and a half
miles distant from his cabin and the nearest market was Jonesville,
twenty miles away. At that time Reading and Camden constituted
one township, and there were but thirty-one voters in this entire
township. Mr. Cole moved to Jackson a few years later, and for
twenty-one years be was employed in the prison. For five years he
was stationed at the outside gate, and for sixteen years he was
shopkeeper.
Mr. Cole leaves a widow, Mrs. Sarah P. Cole, and a brother, Clark
Cole, whose home is on Ingham street, Jackson.
PETER E. DEMILL. Peter E. DeMill, of Detroit, formerly a resident
of Jackson, and one of the first county officers of Jackson county, also
a member of Jackson lodge No. 4, I. O. O. F. ever since it was
instituted, being initiated in the lodge on the first night of its
existence, August 17, 1844, and a continuous member ever since, died
at his residence in Detroit October 31, 1892, aged 85 years.
He represented Jackson lodge No. 4 in the grand lodge of Michigan
in 1850, and was elected grand warden in 1852, being a member of the
order forty-eight years.
Past Grand Masters F. M. Foster and C. H. Haskins went to
Detroit to represent Jackson lodge No. 4, of Jackson, at the funeral.
PHILO M. EVERETT. The Marquette Mining Journal has the follow-
ing obituary notice of Philo M. Everett, who will be well remembered
by the older residents of the Central City:
The oldest resident of Marquette, the pioneer of Marquette county
and of the Lake Superior iron country, the man to whom the Indians
showed the great " iron mountain " which became the Jackson mine,
oldest of all the mines of the Lake Superior country, breathed his last
on September 28, 1892, at the residence of his son-in-law, Hon. D. H.
Ball.
Philo Marshall Everett was born at Winchester, Conn., October 21,
1807. While a young man he settled in New 'York state, where he
was married to Miss Mehitable E. Johnson, of Utica, in 1833. In
1840 he moved to Jackson and engaged in mercantile business, together
with the forwarding and commission business.
Mr. Everett first came to Lake Superior in June, 1845, in charge of
an exploring party sent out by a little body of men there organized
14
106 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
into the Jackson Mining company, afterwards the Jackson Iron
company. With this party he discovered and located the famous
Jackson mine, and after the summer here he returned home. In 1857
he brought up for the Elys the first locomotive ever seen on the shore
of Lake Superior. Afterward he engaged in the mercantile business
here, and later in banking and insurance, accumulating considerable
property, which was swept away in the terrible depression throughout
this region following the panic of 1871.
Mr. Everett took great interest in politics, having been an ardent
republican from the first formation of the party "under the oaks."
In the fall of 1883, shortly after the celebration of their golden wed-
ding, Mrs. Everett died, and since then, .in feeble health, with sight
and hearing greatly impaired, he has made his home with his daughter,
Mrs. D. H. Ball. His other children are Mrs. B. P. Robins and C.
M. Everett, of Jackson, Edward P. Everett, of Grand Rapids, and
Catherine E. Everett, now living in Chicago.
JAMES GILDART. James Gildart, an old pioneer of Waterloo town-
ship, died March 8, 1893, in Brooks, Kan., aged 79 years. He came
to Michigan in 1841 from Staffordshire, Eng., and is well remembered
by many old residents of Waterloo. He was the father of Win. B.
Gildart, the editor and founder of the Stockbridge Sun.
MRS. WILLIAM GUNN. Mrs. William Gunn died April 16, 1893, at
her home in Blackman, aged 67 years.
Mrs. Gunn had resided in Michigan for forty-nine years, and for
forty-six years had resided in Sandstone and Blackman townships.
Mrs. Gunn was well known in this county and was warmly regarded
for her many excellent qualities as a friend, wife, mother, and
neighbor. Her death will be learned with sorrow by her many friends,
JOHN HACKETT. John Hackett died October 13, 1892, at the
residence of his daughter, Mrs. Bracey, on East Main street, Jackson.
Mr. flackett had resided in Jackson county for many years, having
lived on his farm in Leoni for 25 years. He was born in Ireland and
came to Jackson at an early day, and continued to reside here up to
the time of going on the farm. His age was 70 years.
NATHANIEL B. HALL. Nathaniel B. Hall died June 7, 1892.
Mr. Hail was born at Bennington, Vt, September 2, 1826, and was
consequently nearly 66 years of age. He grew up in the Green
MEMORIAL REPORT-JACKSON COUNTY. 107
Mountain state and engaged in business there. At the breaking out of
the war he gave up his private business and for two years gave his
entire time to the work of organizing military companies and sending
them to the front. In 1864 he enlisted as major of the 14th Vermont
volunteers, and did valiant duty at the front until the close of the war,
participating in the battle of Gettysburg and other noted engagements.
In 1870 he came to Jackson and engaged in the insurance business
with the late James Gould and N. C. Lowe. He was a lawyer by
profession and was a member of the Jackson county bar, but seldom
practiced in court. He was not a politician in any sense of the word,
and although often urged to accept nominations to office persistently
declined. He was, however, prevailed upon to accept an appointment
at one time as a member of the board of public works, a position
which he filled with honor and integrity. A year ago he was appointed
a member of the board of police commissioners, but tendered his
resignation several weeks ago, which, however, was not accepted until
last Monday night. Mr. Hall was a member of Jackson Chapter E.
A. M. He leaves a wife and three children, Mrs. Harriet Kennedy,
Harry K. Hall, and Mrs. Dolly Blanchard.
Mr. Hall was a gentleman of high attainments and of the greatest
integrity. His sense of honor was always of the most pronounced type
and he was among Jackson's most progressive business men. His
estimable qualities made for him hosts of friends who will sincerely
mourn his loss.
ELIAL W. HEATON. Elial W. Heaton died at his home on Green-
wood avenue, Jackson, October 18, 1892, aged 76 years.
Mr. Heaton was born in Clinton county, N. Y., July 10, 1816.
Before reaching his majority he learned the trade of shoemaker, which
he followed several years after he came to this city in 1847. In 1851
he embarked in the meat market business and followed that calling
until 1862. During that time he supplied the State prison for eight
years with meat. During the fifties he was a very active, energetic
business man and contributed largely of his time and money to advance
the interests of the city. In politics Mr. Heaton was always a
democrat but never held but one office, that of councilman of the
village. He leaves a wife and five children: Frank S., W. P., Ed. K.,
Fred W., and Mrs. Fred Slayton.
NOAH KEELER. Noah Keeler, one of the oldest pioneers of Jackson
county, died at his residence in the township of Liberty, July 10,
108 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
1892, in his 81st year. Born in Avoca, Steuben county, N. Y., he
worked on his father's farm in the Cohocton valley, until he was 22
or 23 years old, when he came to this county and settled on the farm
on which he died. At the time he came west, Michigan was a frontier
territory and Jackson county very thinly settled. There were at that
time less than a dozen residents in the township and the country
presented the appearance of an almost unbroken wilderness. Then no
railroad had been thought of, and only a few short stage routes were
in operation. No grist mill was located nearer than Ann Arbor, forty
miles distant. The first grain he had ground he carried on his
shoulders to and from Ann Arbor. He persevered, however, until he
won an elegant home, wealth, and an honorable position in society.
He was honest and upright in every act of his long life. To the
deserving poor he was warm hearted, generous, and kind, and " Uncle
Noah," as he was familiarly called, will long be remembered for his
honesty, generosity, and many kindly deeds; and he will be missed by
every one who knew him. A brusque, and sometimes rough manner,
covered a strong and noble heart.
In politics he was an uncompromising Jeffersonian democrat, and
had been a subscriber to the Jackson Patriot from its beginning. He
was always strong in his convictions of right and maintained them in
a vigorous manner.
"Uncle Noah" leaves a widow and two children, Ransom Keeler and
Mrs. Joseph Hawkins, to mourn the loss of the husband and father.
NELSON KELLEY. Nelson Kelley died at his home in Columbia
township, September 11, 1892, aged 69 years.
His death, though expected is a severe affliction to his family, and a
great loss to the community where he had lived more than half 'a
century. Mr. Kelley was a pioneer of Jackson county and ever one of
its best citizens. Born in Middletown, N. Y., in 1823, he came with
his parents to Michigan in 1839, settled on a crude farm in the present
township of Columbia, and at once began the hard life of a pioneer
farmer. In 1844 he married Miss Margaret Brooks and purchased a
farm near Kelley's corners where he continued to reside until his death.
By toil, industry, and good management he accumulated a large farm
estate, numbering upwards of 400 acres, together with much other
property. Nelson Kelley was a man of broad and liberal views, upright
and honorable in all the affairs of life, a man whose friends were as
numerous as his acquaintances and who never had an enemy. His
aged wife survives him together with two children, Merchant Kelley, a
MEMORIAL REPORT JACKSON COUNTY. 109
prominent farmer of Columbia, and Mrs. John S. Flint, wife of
Supervisor Flint of that townsMp.
MRS. SARAH NIXON. Mrs. Sarah Nixon, of South Jackson, widow of
the late William Nixon, departed this life September 9, 1892, aged 78
years.
Mrs. Nixon was born in the town of Washington, Dutchess county,
N. Y., April 17, 1814, removing to Sharon, Washtenaw county in 1835,
and was married to William Nixon in 1887. They resided in Sharon
until 1873, when they came to South Jackson, where the remainder of
their days were passed. Seven children were born to them five of
whom are now living. They are Mrs. Martin Rowe, Norman and
Eugene Nixon, of South Jackson; Mrs. Arthur Root, of Liberty, and
Mrs. Darius Manchester of Jackson. Mrs. Nixon was a woman of
strong character, always standing for the right. It is but a few
months since that her companion of fifty-five years left for the other
shore.
MARTIN OLDS. Martin Olds died at his home in Jackson October 1,
1892.
In the removal of Mr. Olds by death, another of those hardy pioneers
who assisted in transforming this region from an absolute wilderness
into a place of beauty is taken away.
Mr. Olds was born in England seventy-six years since. When a
young man he came to America and settled in Oakland county. He
came to Jackson county about 40 years since and located a farm in
Spring Arbor, where he continued to reside up to twelve years ago,
when he retired and removed to Jackson, in order to be near his only
child, Mrs Charles W. Fowler, who died about one year ago. Since
coming to Jackson Mr. Olds has resided at his late residence on
Greenwood avenue.
Mr. Old's life has been an exemplary one. When a young man he
united with the Freewill Baptist church in his native land, and has
been a consistent member of that denomination for a period of more
than fifty years. Deceased was ever generous, possessing a great heart,
and his voice was always on the side of the weak and oppressed. His
many acts of kindness to neighbors and friends will never be forgotten
while life lasts.
Deceased leaves a widow and son-in-law, Mr. Fowler.
CHAS. W. PENNY. Chas. W. Penny died at his home in Ann Arbor
December 6, 1892.
110 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Mr. Penny was one of the first settlers in Jackson, and for a number
of years was in the dry goods business, being associated with S. S.
Vaughn and later with Charles King. Mr. Penny removed to Ann
Arbor several years ago.
He leaves a wife, Mrs. Henrietta C. Penny, and two daughters, Mrs.
A. F. Lange, of Berkley, California, and Miss Jessica Y. Penny, a
teacher in the Ishpeming schools.
DANIEL D. PETKIE. Daniel D. Petrie died at his home in Jackson
October 11, 1892.
Mr. Petrie was born April 13, 1830, at Little Falls, Herkimer
county, N. Y., and came to Michigan in 1838, with his parents and
settled in Concord township, where he resided for many years. Mr.
Petrie spent a portion of his time after reaching manhood in teaching
and acted as an attorney in the justice courts. He served one term as
justice in Concord township, after which he moved to Parma, where
he opened a furniture and undertaking establishment. While living
at Parma he served four terms as justice or sixteen years in all. Nine
years ago he removed to Jackson, where he has since resided. Mr.
Petrie was married May 27, 1855, to Miss Charlotte Walker, who,
with three daughters and two sons survive him.
Mr. Petrie was a member of the Baptist church at Parma, and was
an earnest worker in church and Sunday school.
CHAS. H. PLUMMER. Chas. H. Plummer died at his home in Saginaw
November 2, 1892.
Mr. Piummer was a native of Maine and was born in Kennebec
county, July 10, 1840. His father was of English descent, while in
his mother's veins coursed the true Scotch blood; and he was proud
of her who molded his early ideas and energy.
Mr. Plummer was born upon a farm, but he never took kindly to
tilling the soil, and at an early age he longed to cut loose and make
his way in the world, and was not content until he had entered the
saw mills and forests of Maine, where he found congenial occupation,
and there he remained - until 1861, when the civil war broke out.
Fired with patriotism he walked twelve miles to a recruiting station
and enlisted, though the commanding officer hesitated to accept him
on account of his youth. He refused a commission and served in the
ranks.
It was his seeming desire through life to be classed among the
people, and while he was ambitious, it was not of that character so
MEMORIAL REPORT JACKSON COUNTY. Ill
often witnessed among men, to domineer or dictate At the expiration
of two years he again enlisted for the war, and was among the first
to enter Richmond in 1865.
At the close of the war he returned to the lumber business, but he
was not content with the narrow fields of Maine and embarked alone
and unaided for Minnesota, when, after five years' experience, he
removed to Michigan, and in 1869 began operations with Daniel
Hardin and W. S. Green & Son at Saginaw. Later the firm of
Sturtevant, Green & Plummer was organized at Saginaw, with Mr.
Plummer as manager. He also became a member and was made
manager of the Plummer Logging Company, and with various other
extensive lumber institutions, all of which proved successful. Still
later he opened a flouring mill in Saginaw City and became president
of the Plummer Lumber Company of Sandusky, O. In 1884 he
opened a lumber yard and planing mill in Jackson which proved a
well paying investment. '
When it is considered that Mr. Plummer never had the advantage
of superior schools, but was self educated and equipped by his own
experience his achievements border on the marvelous.
Mr. Plummer had large property interests in Jackson, the same
being estimated at the value of $60,000. He was prominently identified
with the business interests of Jackson and was largely instrumental in
its growth and prosperity. He had recently built nineteen houses on
lots owned by him there. His generosity was great, but unostentatious.
Many a poor family of Jackson will attest the truth of this.
As is well known, he met with financial reverses during the past
year, but his indomitable will and energy would have overcome all
obstacles had he lived a short time longer.
Personally, Mr. Plummer was the most affable of men, and he
counted his friends by the thousand.
MR. AND MRS. PHILANDEB REMINGTON. Philander Remington died at
his home in Grand Rapids January 14, 1892, aged 90 years.
Mr. Remington lived in Jackson for many years until his removal to
Grand Rapids eighteen or twenty years ago. He was a member of
Jackson lodge No. 4, I. O. O. F., and Grand Master Haskin went to
Grand Rapids to attend the funeral. He was an ardent democrat,
having voted for Andrew Jackson and for every democratic candidate
for the presidency since that time.
Mrs. Remington died January 13, 1892, aged 84 years, and the aged
112 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
couple were buried in one grave, after having lived together happily
and harmoniously for about sixty-five years. They were both members
of the Congregational church.
MRS. HIRAM H. SMITH. Mrs. Hiram H. Smith died March 11, 1893,
at the family residence, 1601 East Main street, Jackson.
Mrs. Smith was a daughter of Philo Bates and was born in Genesee
county, N Y., October 16, 1819.
As a member of her father's family she moved to Ionia county,
Michigan in 1885. From about 1843 she was a frequent visitor with
her relatives in Jackson, and in 1849 she became the wife of Dr. Geo.
W. Gorham of that city. Dr. Gorham died in 1860, and in 1865 she
became the wife of Hiram H Smith, her death now terminating a happy
union of twenty-eight years.
Her two children, Seymour B. Gorham of Ionia, Michigan, and
Samuel Denton Gorham of Jackson, Tennessee, survive her, and she
has also a mother's place in the hearts of her stepchildren, Henry H.
Smith, Dwight 8. Smith, and Mrs. E. M. Newman, all of Jackson.
The deceased was a sister of Mrs. C. R. Knickerbocker of Jackson,
and of Philo T. Bates and William Bates, both still living in Ionia.
The place filled by Mrs. Smith was in the hearts of the many rather
than the few. She was loved by everybody she knew, and she was equally
at home among all classes. Her decease leaves a void in the hearts of
very many people. Her genial manner and kind impulses will cause
her to be long remembered. The loss, irreparable to him who has
been her home companion during so many years, is one in which he
has "the sympathy of their long list of friends and acquaintances.
Mrs. Smith was a member of the Episcopal church of Jackson for
more than forty years preceding the time of her death.
SIDNEY S. SMITH. Sidney S. Smith died at his home in Eives
October 21, 1892, aged 75 years. Mr. Smith was one of Jackson
county's oldest residents, having lived in this county some forty years,
coming here from Vermont. Mr. Smith was a life long democrat and
a great admirer of Grover Cleveland.
Deceased celebrated his golden wedding in January. He is survived
by his aged wife and all of his children, viz., Mrs. Haight, St. Louis;
Mrs. Bugby and Mrs. Frank Northrup, Chicago; Edgar Smith, Eives;
and Mrs. S. B. Mettler, of Jackson.
MEMORIAL REPORT JACKSON COUNTY. 113
MBS. SARAH E. STONE. Mrs. Sarah E. Stone died at the home of
her son in Horton, August 9, 1892, aged 84 years, 8 months.
The deceased was a daughter of Jonathan and Ruth Brown, and was
born in the state of New Jersey, town of Railway, November 20, 1807.
She came to Michigan with her parents in 1834. Subsequently she
made the acquaintance of her future husband, Chas. S. Stone. It is
believed they were the first to be united in marriage in Hanover
township, they settled on a tract of land and endured all the
hardships and toils of a pioneer life.
They became the parents of eight children, six of whom are still
living, four being residents of Hanover township: Julia M., wife of
Maynard Sharpe; Mary H., wife of Harry D. Griswold; Hattie,
deceased wife of B. C. Hatch; Myra J., wife of C. E. P. Hatch; Albert
N. Stone, Orlando C. Stone, and Delia S., wife of Teeter Blair.
The deceased at the time of her death was the mother of six living
children, grandmother of sixteen, and great-grandmother of thirteen,
making a total of thirty-five living descendents.
JOHN H. TELFORD. John H. Telford, one of Jackson's best known
citizens and a man held in high esteem, died at his home, 111 First
street, August 9, 1892. Mr. Telford was a successful business man,
who had a very large circle of friends. He was born in Ulster
county, Ireland, October 1, 1833. He was brought up there, coming to
this country in 1857. Settling in Troy, N. Y., Mr. Telford engaged in
the flour milling business. He remained in this line until tne close of
the war, when he removed to Jackson.
Mr. Telford carried on a grain business here for a number of years,
embarking in the coal and wood business in 1878. At the time of his
death and for the past nine years he was senior member of the firm
of John H. Telford & Son, the junior partner being John H. Telford,
Jr. The deceased leaves this son and two daughters. His wife died
thirteen years ago. He was a member of St. Paul's church.
MRS. FREDERIC WARREN. Mrs. Frederic Warren died at Spring
Arbor February 4, 1$93, aged 70 years.
Deceased was born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1823, and has lived
in Michigan most of the time since an early day. She was a member
of the Wesleyan Methodist church, a devoted Christian and a kind
friend and neighbor, who will be sadly missed by all who knew her.
She leaves a husband and four daughters, Mrs. Young, Mrs. Baldwin,
Mrs. Ira Cole, and Mrs. Charles Shaw, all of Jackson.
15
114 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
JOHN WEBB. John Webb, for nearly 50 years a resident of Jackson,
died suddenly at his home February 19, 1893.
He was born in the borough of Down ton, in Wiltshire, England, May
27, 1821, and there acquired a common school education; being reared
to habits of industry and the principles which make of men good
citizens and reliable members of society. Orphaned at an early age he
was thrown upon his own resources and went to work in a bakery in
Bradford, where he learned the trade and continued until the spring
of 1844. Then he came into the states, following his trade in different
cities and finally located in Detroit.
In 1846 he came to this county. He still followed his trade and at
the expiration of two and one-half years associated himself in partner-
ship with Joseph Butler, a partnership which existed harmoniously for
sixteen years. Mr. Webb then purchased the entire business which he
conducted successfully, while Mr. Butler retired to the farm which
they owned jointly. Mr. Webb removed his business to the Empire
block, which likewise was owned by himself and partner, but of which
he was at the time of his death sole proprietor. He carried on the
bakery and confectionery business there until 1872, then selling out
and renting his building, withdrew from the active cares of life.
In April, 1843, almost fifty years ago, he was married to Miss Jane
McLeod, a native of Cork, Ireland, a daughter of an Irish gentleman
who married an English lady. She has been a helpmeet to Mr. Webb
always and the source of much happiness; she survives him. But one
child was born to them, Emily, now the wife of E. P. Burrell of
Albion.
MRS. JULIA WHITE. Mrs. Julia White, mother of Mrs. Spencer
Moulton, died June 12, 1892, at the home of her daughter on Mechanic
street, Jackson, aged 68 years.
MRS. White came to Michigan with her father, the late George
Stranaham of Columbia, fifty-five years ago, since which time she has
always resided in Jackson county. Her husband, Tenny White died
twelve years ago.
MRS. ELLEN WILMORE. Mrs. Ellen Wilmore, wife of Thomas Wil-
more, died August 17, 1892, at her residence, 312 West Mason street,
Jackson, aged 69 years. Mrs. Wilmore was born in Philadelphia and
came to this State in 1848, when it was a mere wilderness, settling in
Jackson county, where she had resided ever since. All who knew her
MEMORIAL REPORT-JACKSON COUNTY. 115
esteemed her for her amiable disposition and many kindly deeds. She
, leaves a husband and six children.
MICHAEL WUNDERLICH. Michael Wunderlich, who died August 15,
1893, was one of the oldest German residents of Jackson. He was 67
years of age and came to Jackson forty years ago, and for the past
thirty-one years has been in the employ of the Michigan Central rail-
road. He was a member of the German Workingmen's society No. 1;
Court Jackson lodge No. 43, I. O. (X F.; Jackson lodge No. 4, I. O.
O. F. ; Wildey encampment No. 5, and Jackson lodge No. 17, F. and
A. M. His wife died last February. He leaves three children, Lewis
Wunderlich,* Mrs. F. W. Hahn, and Miss Anna, Wunderlich.
TUNIS VROOMA.N. Tunis Vrooman died February 25, 1893, at his
residence in Summit, of old age. He was born in Middleburg, Scho-
harie county, N. Y., and would have been 91 years of age the 29th of
next April. Mr. Vrooman came to Michigan in the fall of 1835 and
located at Jacksonburgh, near Summit on section 19. He was four
times married; in 1823 to Hannah Knieskern of Carlisle, N. Y., who
died six years after of consumption. Two years later he married Eliza
raig of Shelby, Orleans county. She died in 1853 and two years
thereafter, her sister Mary became his wife. The latter died in 1868,
and January 26. 1871, he married his fourth and present wife, Mrs.
Eliza Huggins Freeman of Jackson. The deceased leaves six children:
Mrs. Hannah Walworth, Moscow, Hillsdale county; Mrs. Olive Brickley,
David Vrooman, and Mrs. Cornelia Goldsmith of Isabella county; Mrs.
Melinda Creech, Gratiot county; and Tunis Vrooman, Jr., of Summit.
Mr. Vrooman's farm consisted of one hundred and sixty acres of land
in flourishing condition. He was a member of the Christian church,
as is also his wife. The deceased was a democrat, and he was a man
highly respected in the com*munity.
116
ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
KALAMAZOO COUNTY.
BY HENEY BISHOP.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
Date of
death.
Name.
Age.
1892.
June 19
Mrs. Jerusha Cook
67
1892.
Dec. 12
Mrs. Jerome T. Cobb
62
22
Francis L. C. Denison.
80
18
Garrett Stuart
75
27
*A. D. P. Van Buren. . .
70
20
John Maloy
62
July 7
John Phillips
61
1893.
7
Worlender Fellows
80
Jan. 9
I. M. White
79
13
Mrs. Seneca Smith
82
10
Mrs. D wight May
67
11
Anson L. Ranney.
81
10
Russell Mason
7
13
Freeman Chandler..
84
19
Thomas Rix
80
16
Martha A. Hawes.
84
24
Mrs. Albert B. Judson
71
23
Hiram D. Loveland. . _.
76
Feb. 2
George Hoyt.
71
28
* Hiram Arnold
84
4
William M. Beeman
65
Aug. 11
Edmund 8. Weeks
64
19
James Wrieht
69
13
John Potter
84
25
Henry Vandelere..
58
17
Catherine E. Lovill
68
27
Dr. John Briggs
75
28
Loretta Shaf ter Ransom
82
March 20
Alpheus Rood .
75
30
Justin Cooper
87
22
Fitch Drake
56
Sept. 19
Parmelia Ashley .
89
25
George Nesbitt
S7
19
John Stiver ... '.
81
29
Bridget Nolan
65
Oct. 6
Maria Abraham
81
April 7
George Judge . -
65
6
Julia E. Stuart _
75
5
Samuel D. Walbridge
68
5
Frederick Woodhams
78
17
Flaria Vandewalker
68
5
Stephen Smith
75
12
Mrs. E. A. Bradley
80
8
John Glynn _ .
77
23
Albert Plough
70
11
Mrs. Freegift Kolston
84
May 11
Sarah Bush
89
11
Mrs. Sarah M.Burdick
77
11
Almira J, Hogeboom..
71
16
Julia K. Krum.
76
11
John Wilson
74
Nov. 18
Susan Gould. .
80
16
Mrs. E. P. Oatman
64
18
Mrs. Joseph Beckley.. . .
78
21
William Worthington
*2
22
Mrs. William De Visser....
74
26
Dinnis Coogan .
64
Dec. 5
William Parker
82
28
Mrs. Hiram Moon
80
14
George Van De Walker
83
June 2
*Stephen F. Brown
7-t
19
Joseph Beckley
80
* State pioneer.
MEMORIAL REPORT KALAMAZOO COUNTY. 117
JONATHAN PARSONS. Jonathan Parsons died at Saratoga, N. Y.,
whither he had gone for treatment, on August 17, 1892, aged 72 years,
and was brought to his home at Kalamazoo for interment. He was
born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, October 7, 1820, and lived
there during his boyhood. When a young man he removed to
Marshall. Michigan, and stayed there a short time, going from there
to Bellevue, where he was a clerk in the employ of the late J. P.
Woodbury. In the early forties he went to Kalamazoo, and engaged
in the dry goods business with the late William A. Wood, continuing
in the same a few years. He afterwards engaged with the late Hon.
Allen Potter and Mr. Henry Gale in the hardware business. March 1,
1860, a partnership was formed by him in the hardware business with
the late Mr. Henry Wood, which continued until March 1, 1888, since
which time he has not been actively engaged in business pursuits.
Mr. Parsons was a staunch republican and had seen the party pass
through many changes. He was three times elected to the State
legislature, and served several times as a member of the village board
of trustees. He had been a member of the First Presbyterian church
for about a half century, and was a member of the session for many
years. He was also an elder and was clerk of the board of elders at
the time of his lamented death. Mr. Parsons was at one time a trustee
of Michigan Female seminary of Kalamazoo.
His business interests were large and varied. He was a director of
the Michigan National Bank, a heavy stockholder in the Kalamazoo
Paper Mill, and also had an interest in the Parsons Paper Company
of Holyoke, Massachusetts. Mr. Parsons owned the old homestead at
West Springfield, Massachusetts, which has been in the family about two
hundred years. Among his interests was a large mint farm at
Decatur.
As a member of the legislature Mr Parsons served his constituency
well, voting on all questions as he thought would best serve his State.
As a trustee of Michigan Female Seminary he had the best interests
of that institution at heart. As an active member and supporter of
the church' he will also be missed, and as a business man his word
was all that was necessary to obtain and hold the confidence of the
people. Mr. Jonathan Parsons was a thoroughly good man and his
life may be well considered an example in the community where he
had lived so many years.
He leaves a wife and three sons and three daughters: Mrs. C. M.
Phelps of Holyoke, Mass.; Miss Adella of Kalamazoo; Mrs. Edward P.
Bagg of Holyoke, Mass.; and Mr. E. C. Parsons of Kalamazoo, Mr.
118 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
George S. Parsons of Holyoke, Mass., and Mr. Allen Parsons of
Denver.
GEORGE NESBITT. George Nesbitt, whose death occurred March 25,
1893, at the ripe age of 87 years, was one of the very few who settled in
Kalamazoo county as early as 1830. Mr. Nesbitt settled on as beautiful
a piece of government land as could be found in the State, which he
cultivated and on which he erected all the buildings necessary for a
comfortable home' for himself and family, and all necessary buildings
for farming purposes. This was his Prairie Ronde home where he
resided till the day of his death. He was of a very quiet, domestic
nature; one that required no laws to keep him from transgressing on
the rights of others, but on the other hand set such an example to
others as helped to make the neighborhood a more desirable place to
live and to enjoy all that makes man's own broad acres a home so
independent over the city or the village.
Mr. Nesbitt's education was sufficient to enable him to fill any office
in the gift of the citizens of his township, and while he never sought
office he held the office of supervisor for a number of years, and 'the
office of justice of the peace for some forty years, but only used it to
legalize documents to go on record, always preferring that his neigh-
bors should be at peace with each other without his assistance
officially.
Those first settlers had a hard struggle to obtain the bare necessities
of life; and clothed themselves in a cheap, home made material, and
they became so enured to that mode and manner of living that when
more prosperous times came to them they did not feel like entering
into the more modern extravagant way of living, or to run any risk of
losing the home they had struggled hard to obtain.
STEPHEN F. BROWN. Hon. Stephen F. Brown was born in London
county, Virginia, December 31, 1819, and came with his father to
Michigan when a boy at the age of 11 years, and settled on a farm in
the township of Schoolcraft, December, 1830. His only^ chance to
procure an education was at a district school, then kept three months
in the winter, the other nine months he was employed on his father's
farm, but he was very ambitious to fit himself to take an active part
in politics; first began to speak at school lyceums, then on the stump
in the interest of the whig party, and after the organization of the
republican party he became a Jealous member and represented his
county as its representative two terms in the State legislature, in 1856
and 1858; in 1860, 1864, and 1884 as senator, which offices he filled
MEMORIAL REPORT KALAMAZOO COUNTY. 119
honestly and so ably as to render himself very popular with, his
constituents and was ever after, as long as he lived, looked upon as one
who had served them honestly and faithfully. He was a great admirer
of Henry Clay from whose life and speeches he first entered the field
of politics, and he became a very convincing public speaker.
He was the first master of the State Grange of Michigan and served
as its treasurer ten years, filling both offices in a very acceptable
manner. He has also filled the office of president of the Kalamazoo
county pioneer society. He purchased a farm near the old homestead
where he resided until he died, June 2, 1893, highly respected by all
who knew him. He did more than his full share in saving the
country during the late war by furnishing two sons in the cavalry, all
he had old enough to serve their country. His family consisted of
these two sons, one daughter, and one other son, then an infant. Mrs.
Brown, then speaking of her family, said she had two sons in the
cavalry and one in the infantry. The men of Stephen F. Brown's
stamp are fast passing away. What his farm produced by good
management and hard labor he used prudently to support himself and
family. He commenced life at a time when the latch string always
hung out and when, if he had money, he had no fear of being robbed.
His home farm life and domestic habits, and surrounded by neighbors
of like character, enabled him to live more in accord with nature's
simple requirements and away from the strife and turmoil and the
mode and manner of too many now in the villages and cities, who are
living on the fruits of others' labor.
Having been intimately acquainted with Mr. Brown for over fifty
years has induced me to write this imperfect, humble tribute to his
memory.
H. B.
120 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
KENT COUNTY.
BY WILLIAM N. COOK.
JAMES BLAIR. James Blair died at his residence in Grand Rapids,
vDecember 18, 1892, from heart disease.
Mr. Blair was born at Blair's Landing on Lake George, in New
York state, January 2, 1829. When twelve years of age he removed
with his parents to Jackson, Michigan, and a year or two later located
on a farm near Grand river, about eight miles below Grand Rapids.
Farm life did not suit his active nature, and, when the Mexican war
broke out he desired to enlist, but his parents objected. Seeing a
steamer coming up the river one day, he left his oxen and plow
standing in the field, boarded the boat and went to Grand Rapids,
where he signed enlistment papers, but being too young, his father
took him back to the farm. Soon afterwards he went to Grand Rapids,
and engaged as a clerk in W. D. Robert's and other stores. Later he
was a partner with the late Lewis Porter in the clothing business.
During the war he was with the army of the Potomac as a suttler.
About 1868 he entered the law office of Col. Geo. Gray, then the
leader of the Kent county bar, as chief clerk. Here he acquired a
taste for the commercial branch of law practice and in 1871 opened a
law office for himself. A few months later, when Col. Gray left Grand
Rapids, Mr. Blair formed a partnership with the Hon. L. D. Norris
and purchased the retiring attorney's office and business. The follow-
ing year Willard Kingsley became a partner and, excepting one year,
has been associated with Mr. Blair ever since. Mr. Norris left the
firm and Judge J. W. Stone went in. Upon the election of the latter
to congress, Messrs. Eggleston and Kleinhans took his place, but Mr.
Eggleston soon after withdrew, and the present firm of Blair, Kingsley
& Kleinhans was formed and became the oldest law firm in Grand
Rapids.
OLIVER BLEAK. Oliver Bleak, who has been in the grocery business
at the corner of Lagrave and Fulton streets, Grand Rapids, for so
many years, died at his residence over his store, June 6, 1893, aged 78
years.
Oliver Bleak was born in Holland, December 14, 1824. He served
in the Holland army as a lad, then in the dykes department, where
by his special ability before he was twenty-four years old, he secured
a position worth some $5,000 a year. His mother had come to the
MEMORIAL REPORT KENT COUNTY. 121
United States previously, was settled near Buffalo, and so he and his
wife, at her urgent request, followed her, coming in 1848. He settled
on a dairy farm near his mother, and that was his home until 1855,
when he came to Grand Rapids to live and bought the corner lot,
where he died, for $900. That year he built the brick store where he,
has lived and done business ever since, and which has never been
changed in rooms since. He lived for a little time in the small house
at the rear of the lot. Mr. Bleak was a very quiet, retiring man. an
honest citizen, a good neighbor, a reliable friend. He had the respect
and esteem of all who knew him. His wife preceded him some three
years ago. He leaves two sons, Harry and Oliver, and two daughters,
Mrs. A. M. Maris and Miss Cornelia; the last has always lived at
home. He leaves a sister, Mrs. Yander Meulen of Buffalo; a half
brother, Mr. C. De Vlieger, and a half sister, Mrs. L. Fisher of Sand
Lake.
JOHN CORDES. John Cordes died of pneumonia May 16, 1893, at his
home in the city of Grand Rapids, aged 71 years. Mr. Cordes was
among the pioneers of the Germans; was born at Westphalia, Germany.
Came to this country with his parents in 1836, then 14 years of age;
settled in Clinton county, Mich.; in 1843 he came to Grand Rapids
and secured work in the plaster quarries. In May, 1850, he joined the
company of Bostwick & Smith ;< id went to California. Returning in
1857 with $2,000* in gold he imTi diately invested it in groceries and
opened a store on Canal street, v here he had been continuously in
business ever since.
Mr. Cordes married Mrs. Anne Thome, who with three stalwart sons
survive him, and are his successors in business.
HON. E. S. EGGLESTON. Hon. E. S. Eggleston, for many years a
prominent lawyer of Grand Rapids, died suddenly, August 8, 1892, at
the home of his brother, J. L. Eggleston, in Parma, Mich., where he
was visiting.
Ebenezer S. Eggleston was born in Batavia, N. Y., May 12, 1825.
He came west in 1837 and took up his residence in Litchfield, Hills-
dale county, where he received his education in the public schools.
He afterwards studied law, and in 1851 he came to Grand Rapids and
was admitted to the bar in 1852. He soon became recognized as one
of the leading lawyers in western Michigan and soon won distinction.
He was elected prosecuting attorney for Kent county in 1856 and
conducted the affairs of that office with credit to himself and to his
16
122 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
constituency. In 1861 he was appointed consul to Cadiz, Spain, by
President Lincoln, and held the office four years, discharging the
duties with marked efficiency. Eeturning to Michigan he was elected
a representative to the State legislature of 1873-4 from the first
district of Grand Bapids: During his term in this capacity he served
as an active member of the judiciary committee and chairman of the
committee on private corporations.
Mr. Eggleston during his residence in Grand Eapids formed several
law partnerships. His first was with Solomon L. Withey, under the
firm name of Withey & Eggleston. Colonel George Gray was after-
wards a member of the firm. Mr. Eggleston withdrew from the
partnership at the time of his appointment as minister to Cadiz. On
his return he entered into partnership with United States District
Attorney A. D. Griswold, and wag himself made assistant United
States district attorney, and conducted most of the prosecutions for the
government. His next partner was Jacob Kleinhans, with whom he
remained for several years. The firm afterward became Blair, Eggles-
ton, Kingsley & Kleinhans. Mr. Eggleston withdrew from the firm
and remained alone for a number of years. He then formed a
partnership with James E. McBribe, with whom he was associated for
several years, and during the past three years he has been alone, his
advanced age and failing health being a great drawback to his active
practice. Among the celebrated cases in which he \^as engaged were
the Clay- Con verse* law case; the Phillips murder case, in which he was
leading counsel; the Bronson murder case, the Yanderpool murder case,
tried in Hastings, in which he was retained by the county of Manistee,
and the Christ murder case, tried in Grand Eapids. In all of these
cases Mr. Eggleston greatly distinguished himself.
October 9, 1877, Mr. Eggleston met with a crushing blow which
saddened his later years, and from which he never recovered. His son,
Herbert W. Eggleston, a bright young man of great promise, was
accidentally killed while out hunting near Traverse City. The news
of the accident was a terrible shock to the father and it is said by
those who knew him well, that he was scarcely himself after that time.
Another great shock was the death of his wife, about five years ago.
The only surviving member of his immediate family is the married
daughter in Boston, Mass. In a few days after, this daughter, Bertha
Eggleston Ely, the last of his family, died at Boston.
ISRAEL VICTOR HARRIS. Israel Victor Harris died at The Clarendon
in the city of Grand Eapids on Sunday, October 17, 1886.
MEMORIAL REPORT KENT COUNTY. 123
Captain Harris was born at Pine Plains, Dutchess county, N. Y. y
April 2, 1815, received an academic education and until his removal to
Michigan in 1836 was engaged in farming, was commissioned a captain
of the N. Y. state militia by Governor Marcy. He arrived at Detroit
in December, 1836, and in the following spring made his way on foot to
Grand Rapids, where he was soon joined by his youngest brother Silas G.
with whom he formed a co-partnership with James M. Smith, with the
firm name of Smith, Harris & Co., keeping a general store, groceries,
dry goods and lumbermen's supplies. The partnership was dissolved in
1844. His brother Silas was elected to the state legislature at 25 years
of age and served as speaker of the house with much credit. He was
of delicate health and died early. Myron Harris, another brother, came
to Grand Rapids a year or two later, with whom he located eight or
ten miles west on Sand Creek, now in Talmage township, Ottawa
county, and engaged in lumbering and real estate business.
Captain Harris was supervisor of Talmage for six successive years,
and in 1852 was elected to the state senate running against Thomas W.
Ferry, for the district which then embraced Ottawa county and all of
those north to Mackinac; was a candidate for re-election but was
defeated by Mr. Ferry; he then retired from official life but remained
prominent in the counsels of the democratic party. In later years his
residence had been at Grand Haven where he was cordially and uni-
versally respected. He was always public spirited and influential in
promoting enterprises for the welfare and development of his town and
of the Grand River valley.
JUDGE ISAAC H. PARBISH. Isaac H. Parrish died of apoplexy in
the city of Chicago, September 10, 1892, and was brought to Grand
Rapids for burial. Judge Parrish was born in Ontario county, N. Y.,
April 2, 1826 and came to Oakland county, Mich., in 1834. His youth
was spent on a farm, the family living in a log house in the woods,
and his early education was obtained in a log school house in Farm-
ington, Michigan. After he was 20 years of age he read law and was
admitted to the bar in 1848, then for twelve years he practiced suc-
cessively at Pontiac, in Wisconsin and at Chicago. He came to Grand
Rapids in 1861, in 1865 he was appointed clerk of the United States
court here and held that position ten years, after which he returned to
law practice. In 1881 he was elected judge of the superior court of
the city of Grand Rapids and ably filled the position during the term
of six years.
Judge Parrish from time to .time during his residence in Grand
124 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Rapids was a contributor to the local papers furnishing interesting his-
torical sketches of persons and events.
He leaves a widow, four daughters and a son.
REV. JAMES W. REID. Rev. James W. Reid, pastor of the Second
street M. E. church of Grand Rapids, died at his home January 21,
1893. He was born in Machias, Maine, April 7, 1837. His father's
family moved to Michigan in 1859, and settled near St. Joseph. He
early took to teaching in Michigan and Wisconsin, and in 1861 studied
law, and was admitted to the bar under Judge B. F. Graves. In the
early 60's he practiced law in this village, being a member of the law
firm of Wilkinson, Reid & Cahill. It was while practicing his profes-
sion here that he was converted, and immediately joined the Methodist
Episcopal church and entered the ministry in the year 1868. His
appointments in the order named have been as follows: Traverse City,
Tekonsha, Homer, Grand Haven, Portland, Greenville, Girard, Union
City, St. Joseph, Charlotte, Three Rivers, Grand Rapids.
Mr. Reid originated the present system of conference finance, now
endorsed by the general conference, and was for many years treasurer
of the Michigan conference. He was also the author of what is known
as " The long roll call," of which Chaplain McCabe says, " He could
not have done the church as great service if he had given $100,000 to
the cause." Of late years the Rev. Mr. Reid has been actively inter-
ested in developing a system to better provide for the necessities of
worn out preachers, and has seen his own conference improve from an
offering of $1,500 to an annual fund of $10,000.
He has always been an active friend of camp meeting, an aggressive
evangelist worker, and was one of the projectors of the Eaton Rapids
camp meeting and the originator of the Michigan State Revival Band
and its first president, and was one of the chief workers for the
Hackley Park camp meeting. A firm believer in the principles of the
Prohibition party he resigned his charge two years ago to accept the
chairmanship of that party's state central committee, and for weeks
and months he devoted his time, money, and energy to the work.
The campaign over, he was again received by the district conference
and assigned to a church in Ravenna. So loud were the remonstrances
of his old parishioners in Grand Rapids, however, that Bishop New-
man was prevailed upon to restore him to his old charge, which he
had held ever since.
MR. and MRS. PHILANDER REMINGTON. Philander Remington died
at his home in Grand Rapids, January 14, 1892. Mrs. Remington
died January 13, 1892. For sketches see page 111.
MEMORIAL REPORT KENT COUNTY. 125
CHAS. A, EOBINSON. Chas. A. Kobinson died January 11, 1893, aged
about 70 years.
Mr. Robinson came to Plymouth, Wayne county, from the state of
New York in an early day. Removed to Grand Rapids in 1855,
opening a livery business with John Coldron. He was a leader in the
Knights of Labor when they were first organized; was also prominent
in G. A. R. circles, being a member of the 10th Michigan Cavalry.
Deceased leaves a wife and Tson, Wm. A., also a daughter, Mrs. Mary
L. Turner. He was a member of the Old Residents' Association of
the Grand River valley.
JAS. D. ROBINSON. Captain Jas. D. Robinson died September 18 r
1892, aged 70 years.
Capt. Robinson was born in Belfast, Ireland, April 17, 1822. Came
to Grand Rapids in 1843 and worked at his trade (mason) for a
number of years; built a home in 1848, at the corner of 2d and
Scribner streets, it being the first brick house erected on the west side
of the river in Grand Rapids. He went to California in 1850, over-
land; on account of an injury received in the mines he returned by the
Isthmus or Panama route. In 1861 he enlisted in the 1st Regiment
Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, and was made captain of
Company C of that regiment.
Captain Robinson married Almeria Church, of Marshall, in 1853; his
widow and three daughters survive him.
He had acquired considerable property and was the president of
the Fifth National bank, also of the Grand Rapids Savings bank.
DR. CHARLES SHEPARD. One by one the pioneers who saw Grand
Rapids expand from a hamlet in the wilderness into a city of 100,000
souls, are passing away. On March 8, 1893, Dr. Charles Shepard, the
pioneer physician, whose name is a household word not only in Grand
Rapids but throughout the State, peacefully passed to the other life
through the portals of sleep.
Charles Shepard was born July 18, 1812, in Herkimer, Herkimer
county, N. Y. He was the son of Silas Shepard, his mother's maiden
name being Anna White. The doctor spent his early youth at school
and with his father in the carpenter shop. At 18 he began to read
for his profession in the office of Dr. Harvey W. Doolittle, of
Herkimer, and graduated in March, 1835, from the college of physi-
cians and surgeons of the western district of New York, situated at
Fairfield. He practiced a few months in Jefferson county, N. Y., and
then came to Grand Rapids, arriving here October 20, 1835, and gave
126 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
out that he had come to stay and grow up with the promising village.
He was the third regular physician to establish in the village, but the
other two have long since passed away, and Dr. Shepard for many
years has enjoyed the reputation of being the oldest practitioner in the
city. His first call was to Ada, where he vaccinated 150 Indians on a
contract. The work of a physician in those early days was extremely
arduous. There were no roads about the country and he rode on
horseback, frequently going fifty miles through the wilderness to see
one patient. On one occasion he rode to Muskegon to perform
operations on several sailors injured by shipwreck. At that time the
city was made up of a sawmill and boarding house. The young
physician was guided by one undeviating principle in those early days;
if called, he went; no question of compensation was allowed to be a
factor in the case. The demand meant necessity; nobody had time to
nurse fanciful disorders. When done with a case he went home to
sleep, no matter what the hour, and it came to be understood that
absence from home invariably meant professional business.
Dr. Shepard was brought into prominent notice in 1837 by some
notable surgical operations performed upon the badly frozen crew of a
vessel which was wrecked near the mouth of the Muskegon river.
During 1813, 1860, and 1872, he spent much time in visiting the
medical and surgical institutions of New York City, and lost no
opportunity to keep at the very front of his profession. He was
particularly noted as a surgeon. In treating the diseases of women his
practice was simply unlimited, and he was conceded by his fellows to
be without a peer in that line in the State. He was a member of the
State medical association and was president of the Grand Rapids
medical society. In politics he was a republican, having been
converted from democracy in 1848. He served as alderman for several
years, and was mayor during 1855. In 1876 he represented Michigan
in the international medical congress at Philadelphia. He was a
Mason for twenty years.
The older residents will associate Dr. Shepard's memory with the
old fashioned stone residence and office on the hill where now the
Shepard building stands, the hill and house having both disappeared
some years ago. This was where his daily life was spent for forty
years, and it contained the medical library, which was one of the finest
in the State and in which he spent his time almost constantly when
not otherwise engaged. He was also greatly interested in microscopical
research and owned the finest outfit of that kind in the city. In 1887
MEMORIAL REPORT KENT CO UNIT. 127
he purchased the property at Jefferson avenue and Oakes street from
L. H. Randall, and removed from the old homestead on the hill.
In religious belief Dr. Shepard was in early youth an evangelical
believer, but in later years he embraced the doctrines of Emanuel
Swedenborg. Dr. Shepard's leading characteristic, however, was his
practical charity, especially in his connection with the U. B. A. Home.
He was president of its board of managers and also chief of the
medical staff. Through the courtesy of fellow practitioners he was also
given an honorary position on the staff of St. Mark's hospital. He
was always in favor of allowing physicians of all schools to practice in
the U. B. A. Home and finally gained his point, which resulted in
allowing all physicians to practice there.
He was married in 1836 to Lucinda A. Putnam, who died in April,
1873. Their two daughters and a son by this marriage are all dead.
He was married the second time to Dora Sage, at Portland, Conn.
* They have had two sons, Charles and Silas E. Shepard, both of whom
are living and are aged 15 and 11 years respectively.
BILIUS STOCKING. Ripe with age, Bilius Stocking peacefully passed
away May 28, 1893, at the residence he has occupied for more than
half a century on Seventh street, Grand Rapids, at the head of the
street which he marked out and which was named in his honor. Since
the earliest day he has lived here, and until the infirmities of age
overcame him, he was a vital part of the city's life, and was esteemed
by all who knew him for his sterling qualities as a man and citizen.
Mr. Stocking was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., on June 12,
1808, and in the fall of 1833, with his brother Daniel C., he came
west and spent the winter in St. Joseph, Michigan. In May following,
fifty-nine years ago this month, they came to Grand Rapids, then a
little hamlet in the woods. They made the trip on foot, following an
Indian trail and two nights slept in the woods and one at Gull Prairie.
They remained here two weeks, meantime visiting Grand Haven,
thence returned as they came to St. Joseph, and thence by steamer to
Chicago, and from there to Ottawa, 111., near which place Daniel
Stocking purchased 160 acres of land. The brothers returned to the
East, the trip occupying four weeks, and in the fall of 1836 Mr.
Stocking again started for Grand Rapids, coming by water to Fairport,
Ohio, and the rest of the way on foot, arriving there in the fall. That
winter he chopped wood and split rails and the following spring settled
upon the place where he died, which he purchased of the gov-
ernment as soon as the land was opened for sale, at three dollars an
128 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
acre. He took a quarter section, and with his own hand he cleared
away the forest, and under his direction the farm became one of the
best in the county. As the city grew his neighbors became more
numerous, and the city's boundaries were extended, and the farm of
early days is now a part of the city, and many of the acres have been
cut up into building lots and are occupied by cozy homes. The old
homestead, with the wide lawn in front, and the meadow patch at the
side, and the apple and pear trees still standing, is the same as it has
been for many years and is one of the landmarks in that part of the
city. In the early days, while all was still in the forest state, without
compass or guide, Mr. Stocking marked out a road southeasterly from
his own front door to Bridge street, and this is now Stocking street
and is lined with houses. The street was named in his honor and
his name will always be connected with it.
Mr. Stocking was treasurer of Walker township from 1843 to 1846
inclusive, represented the township on the board of supervisors, served
as justice of the peace, was under sheriff one term, and held various
other minor offices and was always identified with the city's best inter-
ests and prosperity. He was charitable and benevolent, and yet he
gave so quietly that it was rarely known. He was formerly a repub-
lican, but of late years affiliated with the prohibitionists. In religion
he was a believer in the Swedenborgian doctrines and was a life long
member of the New Church.
In his family life Mr. Stocking was peculiarly happy. He married
in 1838, Miss Mary H. Hunt, and his marriage by the Rev. James Ballard,
was one of the earliest in the city. For more than half a century
they traveled hand in hand, sharing the joys of life, dividing the
sorrows and growing old together. She survives her companion of a
lifetime and in her bereavement has the sympathy of a wide circle of
friends. Five children were born to them and two daughters survive,
Mrs. John Widdicomb and Miss Alida C. Stocking.
ARTHUR WOOD. Arthur Wood died April 24, 1893, at his residence
in Grand Rapids, aged 61 years, 11 months.
Mr. Arthur Wood was born in Bristol, Eng., May 22, 1832. His
parents came to this country when he was four years old and settled
near Worcester, Mass. In 1856 he came to Grand Rapids, working at
the carpenter trade, but later as bookkeeper for R. E. Butterworth.
In 1857 and 1858 he was employed on the Democrat, by Jacob Barns,
then editor of the paper. In the summer of 1862 he raised a company
for the .4th Michigan Cavalry, but after six months service he was
MEMORIAL REPORT LENAWEE COUNTY. 129
obliged to resign on account of deafness and returned home. In 1863
he accepted a position on the Detroit Free Press under Mr. Barns,
where he remained nearly five years.
In 1867 he returned to Grand Rapids and embarked in the carriage
business with Luther Colby and H. P. Colby, under the name of
Colby, Son & Co., but later bought out his partners and gradually
built up an important business.
In 1860 he was married to Sarah F. Colby, daughter of Luther
Colby, who is still living. There were five sons born to them, four of
whom are living, all having an interest in their father's business, being
stockholders. One brother, C. W. Wood, of Battle Creek, still survives
him.
Mr. Wood was a Mason, being a member of Valley City Lodge No.
34, and in politics a democrat.
LENAWEE COUNTY.
BY S. C. STACY.
MRS. ISAAC ADAMS. Mrs. Isaac Adams is dead. The journey was
finished at Omaha, Nebraska, January 20, 1893. It was a long one,
spanning this entire century, save the opening and the remainder of
the present decade. The heart that has just ceased its beatings began
to pulsate when this republic was an experiment and this continent,
beyond the seaboard states, an unknown wilderness. It was before the
second war with England, during the first administration of President
Madison. There then lived in the village of Charlemont, amid the
Berkshire hills of Massachusetts, a plain young couple of Puritan
descent, John and Elizabeth Fisher. In 1811 their first child was
born and christened Mary. As years passed brothers and sisters
entered the household until the family circle numbered twelve sons
and daughters. In addition to the village schools the children from
time to time were given the advantages afforded by academies in
neighboring towns. An epoch in the life of Mary was the winter of
'29, when she attended a select school for girls by Mary Lyon, founder
of the Mt. Holyoke seminary. Finally the time came when the anxious
parents decided that the future of their flock demanded a wider field
for operations than their snug New England home. In 1836 the great
17
130 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
migration was undertaken. The rocky seventy acre homestead, and the
father's cabinet shop were converted into money; the stage coach
winding along the valley of the Deerfield, over Hoosac Mountain to
Troy, was chartered; fond farewells were chokingly uttered; eyes
blinded in tears looked for the last time upon the dear scenes of
childhood, and the long journey westward was begun. At Troy there
was the transfer to the Erie canal, and at Buffalo the canal boat was
exchanged for the lake steamer. At Monroe, Michigan, family and
household goods were transferred to wagons, and hauled by ox teams
to their new home in the forest, three and one-half miles north of
Tecumseh, now the farm of the youngest son, John Fisher. During
the succeeding thirteen years Mary Fisher, as eldest daughter, contin-
ued to share with her mother the responsibilities of pioneer life. In 1839
she was one of fifteen who organized the Baptist church of Tecumseh.
Of this little band of fifteen she was the last survivor.
In 1849 she became the wife of Isaac Adams. Their companionship
lasted thirty years, terminating with the death of Deacon Adams in
1879. For the past ten years Mrs. Adams has resided with her only
son, Isaac, at Omaha, excepting one year spent at Lincoln, Nebraska,
with her daughter, Francina, now Mrs. J. J. Wilson. In early life
Mrs. Adams was not robust, but care and prudence brought into
healty action her vigorous" constitution so that for the last forty years
of her life she scarcely experienced any sickness. In August last,
paralysis rendered her helpless. Realizing that there was no relief,
she longed to be free from the bonds which time had forged. With
the opening of the year the disease assumed a new phase, but to her
its progress was not unwelcome. She predicted that ere the 23d of
January, the fourteenth anniversary of the departure of him whose
memory she cherished so tenderly, she would have joined him. As
the month grew apace she numbered the days as one waiting a long
and anticipated meeting. Thus was "the passing of this life, long and
ripe. The milestones along its way can be pointed out, but who can
conceive the scope of its century of influence! She inherited many of
those traits that have enabled the sons and daughters of New England,
though comparatively few in numbers, to stamp their character upon
all genuine American institutions. To her, Christianity and the highest
Christian morality was not a faith and practice necessary to be accepted
and cultivated, but it was ingrained and instructive. Anything else
was simply unnatural and abhorent. Her influence was confined to the
family circle. There, though silent, it was as vital and all-pervading
as the atmosphere. Prior to the attack of paralysis her faculties, both
MEMORIAL REPORT LENA WEE COUNTY. 131
physical and mental, never waned. She never grew old. She enjoyed
the life of a growing city. Her surroundings and new associations
were always agreeable. The past had no more grasp upon her than
upon one who knows of it from hearsay only. She was abreast of the
times, in full sympathy with the busy and progressive. She made
herself companionable. She leaves to her children and relatives the
best of legacies, an inestimable fund of precious memories.
EDMUND W. BORDEN. Edmund Woodmansee Borden, the second son
of Tyler and Hannah Borden, was born in Monmouth county, New
Jersey, March 30, 1822.
Orphaned by his mother's death when he was but eleven years old,
by which event the family was broken up, he was almost immedi-
ately thrown upon his own resources. Being drawn by the teachings
of his pious mother, he soon left the farm where he had been engaged
for a term of years, and buying up his unexpired time, he went to
New York city to prepare himself for preaching the gospel. This he
did by learning the tailor's trade, studying as he worked, and attend-
ing night school. He thus supported himself and obtained a substantial
basis for a thorough education, which he afterward acquired by private
tutors, by a course of study at the University of Michigan, and by a
remarkably patient, persevering, and thorough reading of the masters
of learning in its various branches. His logical and close reasoning
powers were always based upon verified truth.
When twenty years old he married Miss Margaret Hopper of New
York city and with her removed to Michigan in 1843, a land then in
primeval forest and far away from the city of New !York, while as yet
railroads were but just beginning to be. Taking up pioneer life at
Battle Creek as a circuit rider of the M. E. church, he was instant in
season and out of season to carry the gospel message to all within his
circuit.
After laboring in that church from his seventeenth year, when, he
was licensed as an exhorter, his ordination taking place when he was
twenty-one years of age, till 1858, a period of nearly twenty years, his
theological views undergoing some change, he united with the Congre-
gational denomination. In this body he continued his ministry about
fifteen years. In 1873 he transferred his standing to the Presbyterian
church, finding in its polity and system of doctrine a congenial resting
place for his inquiring and independent mind. He gave up settled
pastoral charge in 1888 but continued to preach until last summer,
his last discourse being a funeral sermon on the 27th day of August,
132 A*NNUAL MEETING, 1893.
1892. His family consisted of eight children, five of whom, two sons
and three daughters are still living.
The last year showed rapid decline in his health, but he was still
happy and fairly well at the anniversary of his golden wedding, October
6, 1892. He died on February 27, 1893, at his home. So ended a
career of triumph and an active ministry of fifty-three years in the
gospel.
Mr. Borden never lost a month of service nor was ever absent from
his pulpit through sickness. He never took any vacations and as a
public servant of Christ was faithful in all his charge.
WM. BRESIK The death of William Bresie, April 23, 1893, at the
ripe age of 76 years, removes from the social and business circles
of Tecumseh, one of our foremost citizens. But few men typified
better than he the restless energy and activity of the western pioneer,
and his life was a long and eventful one. He was born in Tioga
county, New York., April 25, 1817, and when six years of age his
father's family moved to Conesus, Livingston county, New York, where
the subject of this sketch lived for ten years, obtaining such a meagre
education as the schools of those days afforded. At the age of seven-
teen he caught the prevailing western fever, and started for Buffalo
afoot and alone. Upon arriving there he took a boat to Detroit, and
thence walked to Michigan City, Indiana. Here he pbtained work at
driving stage and for about two years subsequently, he made his head-
quarters in Chicago. In the spring of 1839 he returned east, and upon
the 20th of March in that year he married Mary A. Johnson of Grove-
land, Livingston county, with whom he lived a most happy domestic
life for over half a century. Soon after his marriage he moved to
Conesus, where he kept the village hotel for about six years. He then
lived on a farm in Groveland for a time, and from there moved to
Dansville, Livingston county, where he kept the Western hotel for
several years. In 1850 he moved to Hornellsville, Steuben county,
New York, and began work on the Buffalo & New York City railroad,
now the N. Y., L. E., & W. Ry. He was employed first as baggage
master and then as passenger conductor for a period of seven years on
a run between Buffalo and Hornellsville. He then resigned to take a
position with Mr. Geo. B. Gates, who was proprietor of the first
sleeping car line the first sleeping car having been put in use about
1858 and he served in this capacity for Mr. Gates during a period of
ten years running on the New York Central, the Buffalo & Erie and
the Cleveland and Ashtabula railroads, the two latter now forming a
MEMORIAL REPORT LENAWEE COUNTY. 133
part of the Lake Shore system. Mr. Bresie enjoyed the distinction of
being the first regularly appointed sleeping car conductor. He was in
several wrecks but always escaped unhurt.
At the expiration of his ten years' service here, he took charge of a
sleeping car line between that city and Chicago. He then moved to
Glenville, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, where he dealt largely in real
estate. While a resident of Glenville he became a pioneer in the
operation of street railways. He obtained the right of way and the
original charter of the St. Clajr St. K. E. Co., a street car line run-
ning from the heart of Cleveland to Glenville. To encourage the
enterprise the owners and citizens along the route donated the use of
the line without rent, and he managed it very successfully for ten
years. His property' in Glenville increased very much in value and
gave him a handsome competency.
In 1874 he moved his family to Tecumseh and took up his abode on
forty acres of land just north of the village which has made a model
home for him during his declining years. His house was an historical
landmark, being in an early day the homestead of Gen. J. W. Brown, one
of the founders of Tecumseh. Within its hospitable walls he celebrated
his golden wedding on the 20th of March, 1880, and' here he passed
the remainder of his earthly pilgrimage. 'For nearly twenty years he
was a resident of this village. He served as township supervisor, as
village councilman, and as janitor of the cemetery, in all of which
positions he displayed the same business tact and ability which made
his early life such a marked success.
Four children blessed his married life: Wm. R. Bresie, of Decatur,
Illinois; Mrs. Elizabeth Crowell, of Cleveland, Ohio; Mrs. Sarah Betts,
of Edmore; and Amanda, who died at the age of three years.
MRS. SAMUEL HOLDEN. Mrs. Samuel Holden, who departed this life
on the 9th day of January, 1893, was one of our oldest residents. Had
she lived until May 23 next, she would have been 84 years of age.
She was born in Groton, N. Y., in 1809, and was there united in
marriage to Mr. Harlo C. Smith in October, 1832. In the spring of
1834 they drifted westward into the territory of Michigan, and settled
on a farm in the township of Cambridge, which was then almost an
unbroken wilderness. Here they carved out for themselves a substan-
tial home and here were born to them five sons, to make that home
happy. In February, 1858, they moved upon a farm in Raisin where
they lived until 1869, when they purchased the old Jas. C. Eddy place
just west of Tectmseh. Mr. Smith died in October, 1875. In May
134 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
1877, she was married to Mr. Samuel Holden, who now survives her;
also two sons by her first husband, Albert E. Smith of Onsted, and
Sylvester H. Smith of Adrian. The deceased was a woman of modest
manners who loved her home and kindred, and fulfilled all the duties
of wife and mother in the humble station to which God had assigned
her. She was for many years a member of the Tecumseh M. E.
church and died in the hope of a blessed immortality.
JOHN RICHARD. Another of Lenawee county's sturdy pioneers and
most worthy citizens died at his home June 12, 1892.
John Richard filled a large niche in the local history of Lenawee
county for more than half a century. He was descended from sturdy
Irish ancestry, having been born in County Antrim, Ireland, in
November, 1806. His father, Archibald Richard, was an Irish farmer,
and the father of eleven children, John being the second child. He
passed his boyhood beneath the parental roof, gathering such rudiment&
of an education as the Irish schools of those days afforded. At the
age of eighteen years he bade adieu to the old home and set sail for
the new world, landing in Baltimore about the first of June. 1825.
Here he worked for a few months at the brick and stone mason's
trade and then went to New -Jersey, where he engaged in work in the
iron furnaces until the fall of 1827, when he returned to his native
land. In the spring of 1828 his father emigrated with his family to
America, John having persuaded him to try his fortunes in the western
world. They landed in New York in June, 1828, and proceeded to
Geneseo, Livingston county, N. Y., where they purchased a farm and
resided until 1833. In September of that year they came to Michigan
and settled in the woods on section fourteen in Raisin. In 1831 the
subject of this sketch again returned to Ireland. In January, 1882, he
was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Sherrard, of Antrim county,
with whom he returned to America, and the next year, 1833, he came
to Michigan with his father's family and located a farm on section
twenty-three in Raisin, where he began the work of carving a home out
of the wilderness. At his death he owned one hundred acres of land,
with fine buildings and improvements, which is considered one of the
best homes in this section. He began life in Raisin in a log cabin, twelve
feet square, without a chimney, and in the midst of an unbroken
forest. During the next forty years he endured the privations and
performed the toil incident to pioneer life in the Wolverine State,
during which time he made the forest to bloom like a garden and
transformed the wild woods into a beautiful home. He had but one
MEMORIAL REPORT LENAWEE COUNTY. 135
child, Alexander, who now resides on the old Archibald Richard farm
in Raisin.
The deceased was possessed of good physical health and a rugged
'constitution, and took a deep interest in all matters of local concern.
He was a great reader and kept himself en rapport with the times in
current history and politics. Although unobtrusive and far removed
from intolerance and mere partisanship, he entertained positive convic-
tions upon religious and political subjects and could always give a
reason for the faith that was in him. In politics he was an old line
democrat. In religion he* was an ardent Presbyterian. He was an
active member of ancf regular attendant upon the Raisin Presbyterian
church, and gave a liberal donation to erect the fine .church edifice
which stands on his farm. He also contributed liberally towards the
building of the two Presbyterian churches in Tecumseh. He was
frequently honored with the suffrages of his fellow citizens for offices
of trust, having been twice chosen to the office of township treasurer
and twice elected supervisor.
"Uncle John Richards," as he was familiarly known by all, was a
prominent character in this vicinity for nearly sixty years. As a
husband and father he met his obligations and duties with religious
fidelity ; as a citizen . and neighbor he -was honored and trusted ; as a
pioneer he stood in the van of that valiant army of faithful workers
who have made our commonwealth what it is today. He has fought
the good fight, he has kept the faith, he has finished his course, he
has entered into his eternal inheritance on high.
JOHN SAGE. Another of the pioneers of Lenawee county has passed
away. Mr. John Sage, of Macon, died August 26, 1892, on the same
farm upon which he had resided since 1831, in the 88th year of his age.
Mr. Sage came to Michigan from Livingston county, N. Y., in
the spring of 1831. He took up land on section nine in Macon,
Lenawee county, where he soon after erected a log house. October 24,
1833, he was married to Miss Hannah Marshall, of New York state,
and brought her to his new home in Michigan. .He was then 28 years
old. Together they commenced the battle of life in a new country,
sharing the hardships that are consequent in a new country. Their
nearest neighbor was Dr. Howell, the father of Dr. George Howell of
Tecumseh, and Edwin Howell of Macon, who now resides at his
father's early home.
Mr. Sage was compelled to cut his way from Mr. Pennington's
through to his land, in order to get a team and wagon on his new
136 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
farm, all being a dense forest. By true courage, a strong will, and a
healthy and robust frame and constitution, he felled the primeval
forest, broke the land and made for himself and family a beautiful
home. Upon this farm he lived until his death. His wife was called
away thirteen years previous and since that time to the hour of his
death he was constantly attended by his youngest daughter, Mary E.
Sage. Her true devotion to her father, her untiring care, her sleepless
vigilance, her strong love for him during all those years merits and
receives from all deep and abiding friendship and esteem.
Mr. Sage was the father of seven children, four of whom survive
him. Two sons died in defending their country during the war of the
rebellion, one after four years of service on the battlefield in the 3d
Michigan Cavalry, and the other in the llth Michigan Infantry. Two
sons and two daughters survive him and were present with him to
comfort his last years on earth and mourn his departure.
Mr. Sage was a true patriot, a true man. Honesty, integrity and
truth marked all his acts and he died at a good old age, honored and
beloved by all, amid peace and prosperity, surrounded ,by children and
many friends.
REV. PETEK SHARP. Rev. Peter Sharp died in San Jose, California,
September 13, 1892. Peter Sharp was born May 14, 1810, at Wills-
burg, Essex county, New Jersey. He was the fourth son of Cornelius
Sharp, who had eight sons and daughters, and moved with his family
to Ohio, when his older children were quite small.
Peter was converted at the age of eighteen and giving up the study
of law, began at once to prepare himself for the ministry which he
entered four years later. He continued in active service as an itinerant
in the M. E. church until 1853 when the failing health of his wife
made it necessary to locate. While the Ohio conference still included
southern Michigan, he was stationed at Ann Arbor, and was married
at that place to Miss Eunice M. Doty, March 19, 1837, in the presence
of the Sabbath morning congregation of the quarterly conference and
by the presiding elder, Rev. Henry Colclayer.
His next station was Tecumseh, then a four weeks circuit, including
Clinton, Franklin, Macon, and Eidgeway.
From there he returned to Ohio and filled various appointments
until 1849, when he was transferred to Michigan conference and
stationed at Coldwater, at Constantine, at Ridgeway, and at Dundee,
which was his last regular appointment.
December 24, 1853, he began business in general merchandise at
MEMORIAL REPORT LENAWEE COUNTY. 137
Ridgeway, Michigan. He received the appointment of postmaster soon
after and continued to hold the office for nearly thirty-five years.
He was a member of the Michigan legislature 1859-1860, and
continued to preach the gospel as a local elder in the M. E. church.
March -14, 1888, his beloved wife was called home after years of inval-
idism and six months' helplessness. His untiring patience in caring
for her, but proved his devotion. A few months after he yielded to
the necessity and closed out his business at Ridgeway and moved to
Tecumseh to live with his daughter. August, 1889, he went to Cali-
fornia, where his oldest son lived on a mountain ranch. Here he
found work for his Master in conducting a Sunday school at the
nearest school house. In the spring of 1891 he moved with his son's
family to San Jose. It was his intention to return to Michigan in the
spring of 1892, but the Lord ordered otherwise.
Peter Sharp was a man of true nobility, held in esteem and venera-
tion by all who had the capacity to appreciate the excellence of his
character and his ability as a theologian.
Truly beloved by his family and intimate friends; devoted and
untiring in the discharge of religious duty, seeming always to possess
his soul in peace.
ELLERY SISSON. Ellery Sisson died January 7, 1893, in his 80th
yea|^ at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Geo. Shuart, in Jackson. Mr.
Sisson resided in Tecumseh and Raisin for more than 70 years, until
a few weeks before when he went to live with his daughter in
Jackson .
Mr. Sisson was one of the earliest settlers of this township. His
father located the old Aaron Comfort farm, across the road from N. M.
Sutton's, the present home of A. J. Van Winkle and of Dr. C. A.
Waldron. He had voted in Tecumseh at every presidential election
since attaining his majority, and was a staunch democrat.
Miss FANNY STOCKING. Miss Fanny Stocking died at Tecumseh,
Michigan, on April 28, 1893, aged 59 years.
Miss Stocking was the. daughter of Amos and Theodosia Stocking,
who were among the earliest and most respected settlers of the town
of Tecumseh. The house in which she was born, being the first one
north of Theodore Crane's, was one of the first frame houses built in
the place. Miss Stocking was born in November, 1833. Her life has
been one of the most quiet and yet one of the most useful of lives,
having been spent, nearly all of it, in or near her native place, and in
18
138 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
occupations which are more honorable and self-denying than conspicu-
ous or remunerative. She early developed a taste for books and was
a pupil of the Tecumseh school, of that of Prof. Estabrook and of the
State Normal. She began teaching in Franklin at the early age of
sixteen. She taught many years in Clinton also, where she is lovingly
remembered for her labors. But it is in this her native town that she
was best known and most widely and fully appreciated. Here she
united at an early age with the Presbyterian church, to which she was
warmly attached, and of which she was a consistent, and, until the loss
of her health, an active and useful member, being for a long term of
years the teacher of a large class in the Sabbath school. Here in
Tecumseh also she conducted a private school, of whose advantages
many parents were glad to avail themselves. Here for some years she
discharged with loving faithfulness the duty of caring for her invalid
father. All the work she undertook was performed in such a quiet,
cheerful way as to convey the impression that it was easily done.
MONROE COUNTY.
v
MRS. ESTHER WAKEFIELD. Mrs. Esther Wakefield, wife of Stephen
B. Wakefield, died at her home at Shawnee Springs in Monroetown,
May 17, 1893, from creeping paralysis. The deceased was born in
New York state November 20, 1823. At the age of ten years she came
to Monroe with her parents, arriving here in June, 1833. She was
one of the oldest residents of Monroetown and was well known. She
leaves a husband, three sons and two grandsons.
MUSKEGON COUNTY.
BY HENRY H. HOLT.
Miss LIZZIE BULLOCK. Miss Lizzie Bullock, the eldest child of Mr.
and Mrs. A. A. Bullock, died April 9, 1893, at the home of her sister,
Mrs. R. T. Stanton, in Chicago, where she went on a visit early in
March.
Miss Bullock was born in August, 1851, at Wells River, Vermont,
and in 1857 came to Muskegon with her parents. All who knew her
in private life loved her; her services to the public are best summed
MEMORIAL REPORT MUSKEGON COUNTY. 139
up in the following tribute paid by F. A. Nims, for so long a member
of the board of education:
"Miss Bullock received her school training in the public schools of
this city. She commenced her work as teacher in 1869, in the old
'ward school No. 1,' on Newaygo Hill. She was soon assigned to one
of the schools in the old 'central,' where she taught until the spring
of 1890, when failing health compelled her to suspend her school work.
A protracted residence in Colorado seemed to restore her to vigorous
health, and she never appeared better than since her return. She was
eager to enter again upon her chosen vocation, and was an applicant
for her old place for the coming school year.
" She was regarded by the members of the board, as well as by the
various superintendents under whom she served, as the best 'first
primary' teacher we ever had; and her work as such was well known
and appreciated by school workers throughout the State.
" With her, as with all truly successful teachers, the elements of
success were in her character, which for purity, modesty, gentleness,
patience, and devotion was unexcelled. She was both womanly and
motherly. Little children gave her their confidence without hesitation.
Although a close student of educational theories and methods, her
intuition was her best guide. She entered with her whole heart into
the training and development of each child-nature that came into her
charge; and with infinite patience and inimitable tact, brought out the
best results."
ISAAC CROSSETTE. Isaac Crossette, a pioneer of this State and of
St. Joseph county, died at Three Rivers, May 19, 1893, of pneumonia.
For a short period he has made Muskegon a temporary home, where
the wholesale lumber business has been carried on successfully for
several years by himself and his son, Heed, in the firm name of
Crossette & Son.
He had been seriously ill during the past winter at Muskegon, but
having materially improved in health and strength he, together with
his wife, went back to the old home, Three Rivers, now occupied by
Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Keyport, his son-fn-law and daughter. With a
prospect of better health for years to come Mr. Crossette had planned
to build a new dwelling on the old home plat for himself, wife, and
unmarried daughter.
Isaac Crossette was born at Fort Ann, N. Y., August 14, 1824;
removed with his father, mother, and the other children to Michigan
in 1831. His boyhood days were spent in St. Joseph county.
140 . ANNUAL MEETING, 1893,
, By his own efforts he obtained a good common school education
which he first made useful as a teacher in Three Rivers and other
places in the vicinity.
Isaac Crossette and Clara A. Reed were married in 1848 and went
to Three Rivers in 1849. At Centreviile Mr. Crossette learned the
blacksmith trade, but teaching was more agreeable to his taste.
During the year 1849 he commenced the mercantile business at Three
Rivers, which was pursued for about twenty years, during which time
he was postmaster eight years, superintendent of the county poor for
several terms and he also filled many other positions of responsibility,
and to the general satisfaction of the people.
Mr. Crossette and Captain Spencer together built the first brick
block in Three Rivers, now occupied by Hummel and Klocke.
As a business man Mr. Crossette was enterprising and gave the best
years of his life to the growth and prosperity of this beautiful town.
As a citizen Mr. Crossette ranked among the best. He was energetic
in the temperance cause on all occasions, and his influence contributed
to the moral growth of this community.
Mr. Crossette is survived by his wife, one son and three daughters,
Mrs. W. L. Antes of Baltimore, Maryland; I. R. Crossette of Muske-
gon; Mrs. J. L. Keyport of Three Rivers, and Alie L. Crossette of
Muskegon.
GEORGE F. OuTHWAiTE. George F. Outhwaite died "February 3, 1893,
at Muskegon. For sketch see Vol. 21, page 208.
MRS. MARIA S. PIPER. Mrs. Maria S. Piper, who died on the 7th
day of March, 1893, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. D. C.
Tillotson, on Lake street, was born in Mooers, Clinton county, N. Y.,
April 26, 1824. She was of a family of thirteen children, only one of
whom, a brother, survives her.
On the 27th of February, 1845, she was married to Benjamin S.
Piper, of Irving, Massachusetts, who died in Muskegon in 1871. After
marriage she made her home for a time in Northfield, Mass., then for
some eight years in her old home in Mooers, N. Y. She then came
west with her husband and family to Grand ^ Rapids, Mich., there to
reside two years. Removing from there, they resided in Lament,
Ottawa county, until June, 1862, when they came to Muskegon to
make of this city a permanent home.
Mrs. Piper at once actively identified herself on her arrival in
Muskegon with church work. At that time there were but thirteen
members in the Central Methodist church, instead of in the neighbor-
MEMORIAL REPORT MUSKEGON COUNTY. 141
hood of nine hundred as at present. She committed herself fully to
the work in hand, and the prosperity of the church since that time
has been due in no small measure to her fidelity.
She was actively interested and identified with nearly every depart-
ment of benevolent as well as church work.
She was one of the original cemetery association organized in 1870
by a few ladies, which did so much in the way of beautifying
Evergreen cemetery, supplying it with a fountain and other attractive
features. In every kind of social and other needed reforms she was
interested and cheerfully active. Her entire life in point of purity was
well symbolized by the whiteness of the lilies that lay upon her coffin
and in point of completeness of maturity by the ripened heads of
golden grain that lay beside them.
FERDINAND WELLETR. Ferdinand Weller died at Muskegon on the
9th day of April, 1893. He was one of the most widely known of
Muskegon's citizens and has seen it grow from almost a hamlet to its
present proportions. He was born in Asch, Austria, December 24, 1838,
and spent the earlier years of his life in acquiring a good German
education. When he was 18 years old he came to this country on a
sailing vessel to attempt his fortunes among a strange people of whose
tongue he was entirely ignorant. He made his way directly to Michi-
gan and secured a place for a while on a farm near Detroit, where in
the intervals of his chore duties he managed to acquire a smattering
of English. He made up his mind that he wanted to be a printer
and ultimately engage in the newspaper business, and with this definite
purpose in mind went to Howell, this State, where he obtained a
position in a printing office. Here he remained a short time when he
went to Grand Rapids where he remained two years, working at his
trade, and then came to Muskegon, arriving here in -the spring of 1865.
He acquired and consolidated two papers, issuing them as the News
and Eeporter. His press was of the original hand form, and putting
the paper through the press in those days was not a joke. Gradually
he built up one of the largest and best newspaper properties in
western Michigan, which he disposed of in 1869. That year he married
Miss Anna. Ellis of Earlville, Iowa, and the following year he made a
trip to his birthplace and brought back his aged mother to this city,
where she made he home for fourteen years.
In 1870 he entered the newspaper business again, issuing his paper
under the old name of News and Eeporter and in 1872 he came out as
a Greeley democrat. Ten years later he began the publication of the
142 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
News as a daily. In 1889 he disposed of his entire newspaper property
to Wanty & Manning, the present owners, and gave his attention to
his other interests, real estate and lumber.
His first wife died in November, 1884, and on April 12, 1887, he
married, at the home of her parents in Charles City, Iowa, -the wife
who survives him. She formerly taught the high school in Holland,
Mich., and met Mr. Weller while in Chicago.
In the death of Ferdinand Weller, the local press of this city and
county has lost a pioneer well known to a great mass of the people,
and so thoroughly has he been connected with its history that it is
impossible to give a sketch of his life without saying more or less of
the history of our press.
The first newspaper of Muskegon which became permanent was the
Muskegon Reporter, the first number of which was issued in April,
1859, by Fred B. Lee & Co. This was continued until October, 1864,
when Fred B. Lee, who was the editor, having enlisted in the army,
the paper was discontinued, although the type and furniture remained
intact in the office.
John Bole started a republican paper known as the Muskegon News
on the 20th of August, 1864. Mr. Bole published this paper for a few
months, when he sold it to Wm. K. Gardner, who continued it to
March, 1865, when he sold his interest to Ferdinand Weller. The
latter soon after bought the press and type of the Reporter, continuing
the publication of the two papers for a short time when they were
united as a republican paper known as the News and Reporter.
This was continued by Mr. Weller until December, 1869, when he sold
the paper to Geo. C. Rice, who continued the publication, changing
the name to the Muskegon Chronicle.
In August, 1870, Mr. Weller revived the News and Reporter as a
democratic newspaper, and which he continued until his sale to Messrs.
Wanty & Manning. He started The News in 1882. Mr. Weller was
always known as a good citizen, thoroughly alive to the best interests
of the city.
MEMORIAL, REPORT OTTAWA COUNTY.
143
OCEANA COUNTY.
BY E. T. MUGFORD.
Name.
Residence.
Date of death.
Age.
Ira Mattison
Shelby
Oct. 26, 1892
76
Wm. ffl. Payne
Shelby
Jan. 11, 1893
57
Ethan Hulbert
Shelby
Feb. 10, 1893
66
Daniel H. Rankin
Shelby
Mar. 8 1893
56
Wm. Erdley
Hart
" 8, 1893
81
Loretta H. Randall
Shelby
11 12, 1893
50
Oliver Bray .
Benona
" 15, 1898
70
Asa Bray
Benona
" 24, 1893
73
Wm. Satterlee
Shelby
April 8,1893
72
Warren Coolidge
Hart
May 28, 1893..
62
Pinny P. Roberta....
Hart...
June 5, 1893...
71
OTTAWA COUNTY.
BY A. S. KEDZIE.
BERNARDUS GROOTENHUIS. Bernardus Grootenhuis died unexpectedly
March 3, 1893, at the age of 79 years. He was one of the earliest
pioneers in this Dutch colony and closely connected with its history.
He was born at Ommen, province of Overisel, Netherlands, September
12, 1814, and twenty-seven years later he married Johanna Hoogewind.
In 1846 they accompanied Rev. Yan Raalte to America, arriving here
in the spring of 1847. Mr. Grootenhuis mastered the study of survey-
ing and his help was of great assistance to the settlers in laying out
their domains. His real occupation, however, was that of painter and
after remaining here five years they left for Detroit, staying there
three years when they returned to Holland for one year. His profi-
ciency in the art of painting attracted considerable attention and he
went to Grand Rapids where he formed a partnership with L. Dooge.
After spending several years there, either in company or alone in his
business, Mr. Grootenhuis and his wife returned here in 1872. While
in Grand Rapids he took a leading part in the formation of the First
English congregation there and of which he was elder. In Holland
he was also one of the leaders in organizing the Hope church congre-
gation of which he was also elder for several years. From 1867 to
144 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
1879 he was supervisor of the township. Two sons, James and John,
entered the union army, the former being killed in the battle of the
wilderness. He leaves an aged widow and three married children,
John, one of our leading painters, Mrs. J. Kerkhof, and Mrs. Janna
Ter Beek.
v
PIETER FREDERICK PFANSTIEHL. Pieter F. Pfanstiehl was born June
12, 1806, in the city of Breda, Netherlands. He received a more than
ordinary education, and spent a part of his youth and early manhood
in other countries of the continent. June 5, 1833, he was married to
Helena Meulenbroek, with whom he lived 52 years, having celebrated
his golden wedding two years before the latter's death. Of seventeen
children born to them five survive, two sons, Peter, of Holland, and
Rev. Albert A., of Denver, Col.; and three daughters, Mrs. H. Boone
and Mrs. Dr. F. J. Schouten, of Holland, and Frederika, who is being
cared for in the Michigan asylum at Kalamazoo. Three days before
his death Mr. Pfanstiehl was still considered to be in his usual health*
The immediate cause of his death was congestion of the lungs. He
entered into his final rest on Friday evening, July 8, 1892, at the ripe
old age of 86 years.
With the death of Pieter F. Pfanstiehl, Holland loses another of the
few remaining links that connects its past with the present.
The deceased was a well-to-do shoemaker, in the city of Arnhem,
Netherlands, at the time when the first murmurings of dissatisfaction
were heard on the part of his countrymen with reference to their
material condition, actual and prospective. His sympathies were with
them. In all the movements and deliberations leading up to the
"emigration of 1847," he was an active coworker among those that
had that exodus in charge. As such we have a right to especially
designate him a connecting link between the present and the past.
With his family he left the fatherland for the New World in the
summer of 1847; arrived "in New York and remained there about eight
months following his trade. While there he made the acquaintance of
the late Dr. B. Ledeboer, an incident which also in later years led to the
doctor's removal to Holland. In the spring of 1848 he left for the
west, and was joined at Buffalo by Mr. I. Cappon, then a young man
anxious to join the " Zeelanders."
Mr. Pfanstiehl's .objective point was the colony of Dr. Van Raalte,.
in Michigan, with whom he had held intimate relations in the old
country. Upon reaching Milwaukee he left his family there for a few
weeks, and came on to Holland. Here he again started at his trade,.
MEMORIAL REPORT OTTAWA COUNTY, 145
at which he was an expert, having followed it in such cities as Brussels
and Paris. It did not take him long, however, to realize that his new
environments called for a different kind of foot wear than had been
his wont to make, and he conceived the idea of starting a tannery.
The material of some of the buildings in the " Indian Village," was
utilized in constructing a tannery on the shore of Black Lake. The
sills can still be traced at a point a little east of where Cappon &
Bertsch in 1859 built their first tannery. Here also is where Mr. I.
Cappon was initiated into the tanner's trade. Want of sufficient exper-
ience soon caused this enterprise to be abandoned. Some leather had
been made and was sold in Kalamazoo, where it fell into the hands of
the late Simon Schmid. Mr. Pfanstiehl soon thereafter, in 1851,
removed to Kalamazoo, remained there a year or so, when he again
returned to "the colony," embarking in general merchandise, in which
line he was more successful.
It is not for us to follow his subsequent career in detail. Suffice it
to state that for a while he also operated the stage line between Kal-
amazoo, Allegan, Holland, and Grand Haven; was a dealer in staves,
bark, etc., became a vessel owner, and manufacturer of cut staves and
heading.
Having briefly stated his connection with the early settlement of
Holland, as the pioneer tanner, there is one other incident in his
career as a business man which is desirable to bring out, it being espec-
ially worthy of remembrance. It was during the period known as the
panic of 1857, which financial distress was very severe upon the then
weak and struggling colony. The leading business man of that day and
the commercial stay of the settlement, Mr. A. Plugger, was heavily
involved, and at the complete mercy of his creditors. The times were
exceedingly hard and trying. Just then also, as a matter of absolute
self-preservation, the colonists had undertaken to construct their own
harbor. Through the self-denying efforts of the late Mr. John Roost,
they had obtained from the State a grant of swamp lands, lying princi-
pally in the township of Olive. Not as a matter of investment, for
those lands at that period had little or no value, but with a view of
furthering the development of the harbor, Mr. Pfanstiehl at this critical
period volunteered to take a certain amount of those lands, to enable the
harbor board to secure sufficient dredging in what is at present the main
channel of the harbor, but which was then only a recently cut out channel.
(It should be remembered that this was in the days when government
appropriations for the improvement of harbors were still held as
19
146 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
" unconstitutional"). The relief obtained through this public spirited
act of Mr. Pfanstiehl was timely and duly appreciated, for the panic
had affected the market for all kinds of forest products to such an
extent, that it left not enough margin for their shipment by means of
scows to vessels lying outside the harbor.
The deceased as a citizen never sought, but rather evaded promi-
nence and leadership. The only position he ever held was that of
member of the harbor board, of which body he was for years the
efficient secretary.
In common with many others he was a heavy loser by the great fire
of 1871. He managed, however, to gather up sufficient fragments to
secure him an ample competency during his remaining years.
SAGINAW COUNTY.
BY C. W. GRANT.
JOHN BARB. John Barr of Tittabawassee, so well known in Saginaw
and in every part of the county for the last 30 years, died March 17,
1893, aged 73 years.
Mr. Barr was born in Scotland, June 1, 1819, and came to this
country 'in 1842. He located in Canada where he assisted in the
construction of the first iron -boat ever built in that country. From
Canada he traveled over different parts of New York state, and in
Buffalo, New York, assisted in building the first looms to knit or
weave a shirt, it formerly having been done by hand. He located for
eight years at Waterford, Saratoga county, New York, where he
constructed fire engines. In 1865 he first came to Saginaw, where he
has since lived. Although a skilled mechanic, of late years he had
been engaged in the manufacture of brick and had turned out from
twelve to fourteen hundred thousand annually. Mr. Barr was married
October 12, 1846, to Agnes Brice. One child was given them, Agnes,
who was born in 1847 and died in 1849. Mrs. Barr died July 23,
1848, and in 1864 Mr. Barr married Mary Haslip, who survives him.
Mr. Barr first became interested in Saginaw in 1848, when he
furnished some money to William King of Bridgeport to buy land on
the Tittabawassee. Subsequently the gentlemen divided their interests
MEMORIAL REPORT-SAGINAW COUNTY. 147
and Mr. King sold his part to a Mr. Albright, who soon after sold it
to Solomon Malt.
Mr. Barr was the owner of the farm, where he died, since 1848.
Mr. Barr was noted as an upright, honorable man. No good cause
appealed to him in vain. He always had a pleasant word ' for his
friends, and he generally made friends of those with whom he was
brought in contact. Aside from the farm where he lived Mr. Barr
owned considerable city property. His home was one of the best in
the neighborhood, and for years he has lived surrounded by the
comforts to which frugality and industry are entitled.
MRS. ELIZA D. BELL. Mrs. Eliza D. Bell died at the residence of
her son Lewis, 705 Chestnut street, Saginaw, March 13, 1893, aged 69
years. She was born at Amsterdam, Montgomery county, New York,
in 1824, and came to Michigan in 1836, settling at Oxford, where she
married Oliver H. Bell, now deceased. She came to Saginaw in 1857,
and since resided here except a short residence at Freeland.
She leaves two children, Delia A. and Lewis H.
She had been a member of the Michigan avenue Baptist church for
the past twenty years, and had the love and respect of a large circle
of friends among whom she had lived for so many years.
ROBERT L. BENJAMIN. Robert L. Benjamin died at the Good
Samaritan hospital July 20, 1892. Mr. Benjamin was born in Madalin,
N. Y.; Jane 14, 1808, and was therefore a little more than 84 years of
age. He had been a resident of Michigan upwards of 45 years, and
came to Saginaw 35 years ago from Clarkson, Oakland county, where
he had lived about 10 years. In December, 1862, he enlisted in
Company H of the 27th Michigan Infantry volunteers and served
during the war. The hardships of the camp impaired his health
somewhat, yet after the war he pursued the avocation of farming for
many years, living in the township of Saginaw. The past three years
he has lived in the city of Saginaw.
In 1835 Mr. Benjamin married Belinda Wilcox, who survives him.
They had three children, who grew to manhood and womanhood. They
were the late Henry Benjamin, who died 32 years ago, Delos Benjamin,
who died in 1873, and Mrs. Henry A. Newton, who died in 1872. He
was a brother of the late D. E. Benjamin. A brother, Sidney Benja-
min, who is in the upper peninsula, a sister, Mrs. Thurston of
Clarkson, two grandchildren, Miss Stella Newton and Ralph Newton,
of Saginaw, and a granddaughter who lives in Marshall, survive him.
148 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Miss SUE BENJAMIN. Miss Sue Benjamin died at the home of Mr.
Thomas Merrill, Saginaw, May 14, 1893.
Miss Benjamin was born in Newport, Me., April 19, 1845. She was
the daughter of the late Jatnes and Euth Benjamin. Her mother, who
makes her home with her son, John H. Benjamin, two sisters, Mrs.
Gurney of Lewiston, Me., and Mrs. Marsh of Portland, Ore., and
three brothers, Frank W. Benjamin of Dausen, North Dakota, and
John H. and Fred G. Benjamin of Saginaw, are left to mourn the
loss of one who in the relations of daughter and sister was all that a
true Christian woman could be.
JOSEPH BESCH. Joseph Besch died February 9, 1893, aged 73 years.
A resident of Saginaw nearly 40 years.
CAPTAIN ALONZO L. BINGHAM. Captain Alonzo L. Bingham died
January 25, 1893, at his home in Saginaw, aged 76 years.
Deceased was born in Perry, Genesee county, N. Y., in 1816. When
about twenty-three years old he removed to Buffalo, where he taught
eleven years and then came to Michigan, locating at Mt. Clemens, where
he was engaged in teaching until his removal to Saginaw in 1854. The
following year he was chosen principal of the union school on the east side,
filling that position until late in 1859. In October, 1862, he was commis-
sioned captain of Company H, 27th Michigan Infantry, which company
he was instrumental in raising, and served faithfully and gallantly
three years, being mustered out July 26, 1865. He was wounded four
times in action, at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863; in the Wilderness,
May 6, 1864; Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864; and at Petersburg, Va.,
June 28, 1864.
He was elected register of deeds of Saginaw county in 1867 and
served two terms.
He was principal of the Freeland union school in 1889-90.
He was married June 29, 1845, at Buffalo, to Louisa M. Folsom,
who with two children, Mrs. Laura C. Healey of Lansing, and W. H.
Bingham of St. Cloud, Minn., survive him.
Captain Bingham was an honored member of Gordon Granger Post,
G. A. E.
MKS. IS. BOND BLISS. Frances E., relect of the late S. Bond Bliss
died at her home in Saginaw, July 27, 1892.
The deceased had been a resident of Saginaw since 1856, coming
here from Elyria, Ohio, with her husband, and for years took a
prominent part in the social life of the city. Mr. Bliss died in 1884
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 149
and an only daughter who was universally beloved died some years
ago. Walter B. Bliss is the sole surviving child.
CASPEK BRADEN. Casper Braden, for forty years a resident of
Saginaw, died February 24, 1893, aged 78 years. Mr. Braden was well
known among the older portion of the community and was held in
high esteem by all. For 16 years he was employed in the F. & P. M.
car shops. He is survived by his wife, a daughter, Mrs. Engelbert
Fischer, of Bay City, and a son, Lieutenant Charles Braden, of West
Point, N. Y.-
MICHAE"L BBENNAN. Michael Brennan, aged 84 years, died April 8,
1893, at his residence in Saginaw. Mr. Brennan had resided in
Saginaw for the last 30 years and was well known and much respected.
He leaves five children, James Brennan of Kansas; Thomas Brennan
of Chicago; Michael Brennan of Saginaw; Mrs. Joseph Martin of
Detroit; and Mrs. Michael McHugh of Saginaw.
RUDOLPH BEUSKE. Rudolph Bruske died April 26, 1893, at his home
in Saginaw. Mr. Bruske was born in the province of Schlesia, Prussia,
in 1851, and came to America when but three years old with his
parents, who located in Saginaw. He was reared and educated here,
and in 1865 began clerking in different stores; in 1868 entered the
drug business with L. Simoneau, and was with him seven years, after
which he took a four months' tour to Europe. He returned to Saginaw,
opened business for himself, and has been successfully engaged in it
for the past twenty years. He was thorough and energetic in his methods,
and by this means had built up a .fine business.
Mr. Bruske leaves to mourn his untimely death a wife and two
children, three brothers and five sisters, O. E. Bruske of Saginaw; F.
O. Bruske and E. H. Bruske of Chicago; Mrs. Richard Murphy of
Chicago; Mrs. Cora Berger, Mrs. Jacob Cross, Mrs. Bertha Riegge,
and Mrs. Henry Endert of Saginaw.
MARGUERITE COMPTON. Marguerite Compton -died March 27, 1893,
at the home of her daughter, Rachel Compton, 1103 North Granger
street, aged 83 years. The deceased was born in Albany, N. Y., and
at the age of sixteen was married to James Compton, now deceased. Three
years afterward she moved to Ohio and in 1871 came to Saginaw.
She leaves three sons, George and James, of Kingsville, O., and
Samuel C. Compton of San Bernardino, Cal., and five daughters, Mrs.
J. Brown, of Meredith, Mrs. A. Morse of Alexander, Minn., Mrs. D.
150 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
W. Swart of Sheldon, N. Y., Mrs. J. W. Isaac, of Kingsville, O., and
Mrs. Rachel Compton, of Saginaw.
MBS. PRUDENCE COOK. Prudence, widow of the late L. Cook, died
July 29, 1892, at the residence of Eobert -Latterman, at Cass Bridge,
of old age. Her husband who was widely known, died three years
ago. Mrs. Cook was a pioneer of the county. She was 83 years old
and had passed fifty-three years of her life in the neighborhood where her
death occurred. She leaves four children.
GEORGE F. CKOSS. George F. Cross died March 19, 1893, in New
York city.
George F. Cross was born in New Hampshire in May. 1832, and
was therefore nearly 61 years old. In early life he removed to Minne-
apolis where he engaged in business. In 1862 he came to Saginaw
and engaged in the lumber business, purchasing a tract of timber in
Ogemaw county. A mill was built at Standish, the firm being styled
Cross, Wright & Walker. Subsequently Mr. Wright retired and the
firm became Cross & Walker, and still later Mr. Walker retired and
A. Dyer of Boston became interested in the concern. In January,
1889, the entire interest of the firm in Ogemaw county, including saw
and planing mill, timber lands and a large stock farm, was sold to C.
L. Judd of Saginaw. Mr. Cross then organized what is known as the
Asher lumber company, purchasing a saw mill and 300,000,000 feet of
timber in Kentucky, the mill plant being located at Ford in that
state. Another saw mill and a large planing mill was built, Mr.
Cross being president of the company. Mr. Cross was the principal
stockholder and president of the George F. Cross lumber company,
operating a planing mill in Saginaw. He was also a large stockholder
and president of the Allington-Curtis manufacturing company of Sagi-
naw, a large and profitable concern engaged in the manufacture of
dust separators for planing mill plants. He also owned a half interest
in 200,000,000 feet of redwood timber in California. It is understood
that he also carried a life insurance of $60,000.
A little over a year ago Mr. Cross rented his residence on Genesee
avenue and removed to Ford, Kentucky, to take the active management
of his business there.
Mr. Cross lost a daughter and first wife by death nearly fifteen years
ago. Several years ago he married Elizabeth M., daughter of Mr.
George Weaver of Albany, N. Y., who, with one child, survives him.
CHARLES S. DRAPER. Charles Stuart Draper died August 5, 1892,
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 151
on board the steamship Columbia as he was returning home from
Carlsbad, where he had been in search of health.
Mr. Draper was a native of Michigan, having been born in Oakland
county August 27, 1841, and was therefore almost x 51 years of age.
Gifted by nature and possessing faculties of intellect seldom found in
young men of his age and day, Mr. Draper employed the years in
constant study and in sitting at the fount of knowledge, so that his
majority attained, he was widely known as a scholar and student of
high attainments.
On the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the Third Michigan
Infantry, and October 28, 1861 he was commissioned second lieutenant
in that regiment. He was detached April 1, 1862 as aid on the staff
of General Richardson, was promoted to the rank of captain and
assistant aid-de-camp, served on the staff of General Phil Kearney,
and was with that chivalric and brilliant officer when he was killed at
Chantilly. Captain Draper was wounded at the battle of Antietam,
September 17, 1862, and resigned March 19, 1863, honorably retiring
from the service.
Returning to Pontiac he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah
Thurber, daughter of the late Horace Thurber, who survives him and
who has been his devoted companion through the illness which ended
with his death. They have no children.
Mr. Draper came to Sagina^v in 1870, and engaged in the practice
of law with H. H. Hoyt. Two years later he formed a partnership
with O. F. Wisner, the firm of Wisner & Draper since becoming one
of the most prominent in legal circles of the city and State. As
attorney, counselor, citizen, and public spirited gentleman there is no
need of endorsement in the record of Stuart Draper. His name and
deeds will long remain as a monument to his sterling worth.
Although many times sought after, Mr. Draper declined public life,
not because of fear of its responsibilities, but from a sense of innate
modesty. He was a staunch republican and served the party as
controller of the city of East Saginaw from 1871 to 1873, and at a
subsequent period filled the office of city attorney one term. He was
elected one of the regents of the University of Michigan April .1, 1885,
and was re-elected in 1889. His term would have expired December
31, 1897. Mr. Draper was an honofed member of the Saginaw county
bar and a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church.
MRS. MARY J. DRAPER. Mrs. Mary J. Draper, wife of Calvin D.
Draper, died at the residence of her son-in-law, James P. Walsh, 1110
152 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Genesee avenue, Saginaw, June 19, 1892, aged 69 years. Deceased
was born in New York, and had resided in this city thirty-five years.
Besides her husband she leaves four sons, Eugene, Alexander, Jesse, and
W. A. Draper, all of Saginaw, and one daughter, Mrs. Loma Greenleaf,
residing in Tuscola county.
MRS. CATHERINE DEINDORFER. Catherine, the widow of John George
Deindorf er, died August 22, ] 892, at the homestead, two miles north
of Court street, on Hermansau street, Saginaw, at the age of 64 years.
Mrs. Deindorfer came to Saginaw in 1852, when it was only a small
village. She leaves a daughter, Mrs. J. M. Helmreich, of Bay City,
and two sons, Richard J. and John G., both of Saginaw.
MRS. ANTHONY DOERR. SR. Julia, the wife of Anthony Doerr, Sr.,
died at their residence in Jamestown on August 23, 1892, aged 73
years. Mrs. Doerr came to Saginaw in 1850 and the following year
was united in marriage to Mr. Doerr, who survives her. She had
spent all of her married life upon the farm in Jamestown, where she
died, and where she had gathered about her many friends. She leaves
besides her husband, two sons, George and Anthony, both of James-
town, and a daughter, Mrs. Clemens, of Meinburg.
REV. CHRISTOPHER L. EBERHARDT. Rev. Christopher Ludwig Eber-
hardt, pastor of St. Paul's Evangelical i Lutheran church and president
of the Evangelical Lutheran seminary, died at his home April 27, 1893.
He was born January 3, 1831, at Lauffen, Wurtemburg, on the
Neckar, a branch of the Rhine. His father, who bore the same name,
gave to his son first a common education and afterwards a four years'
course in the industrial school. He then worked at home until he was
of age and entered the Mission seminary, at Basel, Switzerland,
graduating therefrom in June, 1860, being ordained August 5, of the
same year by Decan Hamm in company with Stephen Klingmann,
who was the late pastor of a leading church near Ann Arbor.
He came to Michigan in 1860, when the conference consisted of only
six members who, together with Mr. Eberhardt and Mr. Klingmann,
organized the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Michigan at Detroit,
December 9 and 10, 1860, and of that number the deceased was the
last to pass away. *
The mission work of the deceased commenced at Hopkins, Allegan
county, and he organized churches at sixteen places throughout Michi-
gan, embracing points covering 360 miles of territory in circumference
and preached at each place once in three weeks, traveling mostly on
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 153
foot. In June, 1861, he visited the Lake Superior regions and caused
a missionary to be sent there. He was soon after called to the
pastorate at Saginaw which had been in existence about ten years but
had a membership of only about thirty. He entered upon his new
duties with a vigor and enthusiasm that instilled life into the people
and made the church enter upon a period of growth and prosperity.
He had a fair knowledge of music and at once organized a male choir
of which he acted as instructor, training them to a true appreciation
of the worship of God in melody. He organized a little school of
eleven pupils and taught it for over fourteen years, until it had grown
to such proportions as to require at one time three instructors and it
now has an attendance of nearly two hundred.
A review of Kev. Mr. Eberhart's pastoral work includes much history
closely interwoven with the interests of Saginaw and Michigan. The
church he has left without a head now has nearly one thousand com-
municants and he has for the past few years been the spiritual guide of
over two hundred families. Several branch churches have now become
strong and independent, such as Matthew's church at Tittabawassee, the
St. Peter's at Carrollton, and the St. John's in Saginaw.
Outside responsibilities have weighed heavily upon the deceased,
who was always an untiring and enthusiastic worker. For nearly ten
years he was the presiding officer of the synod of Michigan. At an
early date he realized the needs of the church for a numerous and
able ministry, and it was through his efforts that the now prosperous
theological seminary on Court street was established in 1887. He was
made president of the same, and it has constantly grown and flourished
under his supervision. He continued to fill, until his death, the chair
of theology and ethics, beside devoting much time and thought to the
general conduct of the institution. He was a great success as an
instructor, and was a great student of Bible history in the original
Greek and Hebrew, and such profound theologians as Luther were his
daily companions.
Not only the church but the State of Michigan owe much to Mr.
Eberhardt in the establishment of the noble institution of learning on
Court street which is proving so beneficent in its results.
In the pulpit and upon the rostrum pastor Eberhardt was a forcible,
pleasant and interesting speaker. His sermons were always well prepared
and showed a depth of thought and independent research. His people
were deeply attached to him and no man commanded their love and
esteem in so high a degree as he. His greatest monument will be the
20
154 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
loving remembrance of thousands who have known him and have been
benefited by his guidance.
He was married April 16, 1863, to Mary Eemiold of Lodi, Washte-
naw county, who departed this life but a few brief days before her
life long companion went to join her in that great beyond where it is
hoped their souls may repose in peace, the result of lives well spent in
the service of the Master.
MRS. JOHN FOSTER. Mrs. Sarah Foster, wife of John Foster, died
April 9, 1893, aged 86 years.
Mrs. Foster was born in 1807, and had been a resident for many
years. Her husband, to whom she was married over 65 years before,
and five children survive her. The children are Mrs. Louisa Mearns,
Ms. Jeannette Steele and Mrs. Lizzie Home, of Saginaw; Mrs. M. E.
Cranston of Boston, and John A. Foster of Oakland, California.
MARTIN HEUBISCH. Martin Heubisch died March 26, 1893, at his
residence, 227 South Third street, Saginaw. The deceased, who was
61 years of age, had been a resident of the county for the past thirty-
six years. He held the offices of deputy sheriff and supervisor for a
number of years and was well known throughout the county. He
leaves a wife, and a father who is ninety years of age.
KOBERT C. HOWELL. Robert C. Howell of Thomastown, died at his
home March 20, 1893. He was 75 years of age and had resided in
Thomastown for thirty years. He leaves a wife.
MRS. FREDERICK HUBERT. Mrs. Frederick Hubert died at her home
in Saginaw, March 6, 1893. Deceased was born 59 years ago in the
province of Quebec, and came to Saginaw from Port Huron with her
husband in 1862, engaging in the cattle and meat business for many
years, which attained success largely through the business knowledge
and untiring efforts of Mrs. Hubert. Her husband died about five
years ago. Only one son and a daughter, Mrs. Julia Button, survive.
Mrs. Hubert was a woman of much force of character, an efficient wife
and mother and a good neighbor.
GOTTLEIB LA'NGE. Gottleib Lange died July 16, 1892, at his residence,
1508 Germania avenue, Saginaw, at the age of 81 years. Mr. Lange
was one of the pioneer residents of the city and for forty years had
made Saginaw his home. He was for a time proprietor of the Forest
City house on Water street and later of the National house on Jeffer-
son avenue. He leaves four children, Mrs. John Reib of Detroit,
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY.
Theodore Lange of Chicago, Rudolph Lange of San Francisco, and
Albert Lange of Saginaw.
MBS. CAROLINE C. MASON.- Caroline Clark Mason, widow of the late
Dr. Orville L. Mason, died August 13, 1892. The deceased was born
April 1, 1804, in Chester, Mass., and was a direct descendent in the
fifth generation of Lieutenant William Clark of colonial fame, and a
graduate of the Westfield academy, Mass. Dr. and Mrs. Mason moved
to Saginaw in 1863. The last few years Mrs. Mason has made her
home wiij^ her son, Lucius P. Mason. She also leaves a daughter,
Mrs. Charles W. Mowry; Mrs. S. Bond Bliss, the other daughter,
having died less than two weeks before,- a sketch of whom is found in
this report.
PETER McGREGOR. Peter McGregor, a pioneer of Saginaw county,
died at his home in Tittabawassee township, September 13, 1892, at
the advanced age of 83 years. Mr. McGregor was born in Scotland.
He came to the county in 1843 and settled on the farm he has since
occupied. He was a highly respected citizen and had filled various
county offices, including justice of the peace and county treasurer. His
wife died twenty-two years ago.
MRS. KESYIAH OLIVER Mrs. Kesyiah Oliver died March 11, 1893, aged
83 years. Deceased came to Saginaw in 1849 with her husband. Soon
after they arranged with C. W. Grant, then of the firm of Hoyt &
Grant, to take charge of the lumber shanty and cook for the men at
work erecting what for years was known as "the blue mill," at the foot
of German street. The cooking shanty was located on the present site
of the Buena Vista block, corner of Tilden street and Genesee avenue,
and here Mrs. George Oliver cooked the first meal for a white man in
what was afterwards known as Hoyt's plat to East Saginaw.
CHARLES H. PLUMMER. Charles H. Plummer died at his home in
Saginaw, November 2, 1892. For sketch see page 110, Jackson county.
MRS. ELIZA M. PALMER. Mrs. Eliza M. Palmer, relict of the late
John W. Palmer, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. E. St. John>
919 Court street, October 19, 1892, of heart trouble.
Mrs. Palmer was a daughter of the late Judge Perry Gardner. She
was born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, September 6, 1817, and was
therefore 75 years of age last September. She passed her last birth-
day at the home of her daughter, Mrs. William Smith of Saginaw
town. In 1824 Judge Gardner removed with his family from
156 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893
Ashtabula county to York, N. Y. Here Mrs. Palmer passed her girl-
hood and attended the Canandaigua seminary, where subsequently two
of her daughters attended 'school. Judge Gardner came to Saginaw in
1832 and settled on what is now known as the D. E. Benjamin farm.
Mrs. Palmer did not come till 1836. On May 22, 1839, she was
married to the late John W. Palmer, who died March 24, 1884. Soon
after their marriage they went to New York state, where they lived
until 1843, when they returned to Saginaw and lived at the homestead,
Judge Gardner having died during their residence in New York. In
1846 Mr. and Mrs. Palmer removed to Flint, then a smafl hamlet,
where they lived until 1875, since which time Mrs. Palmer's home has
been in Saginaw. For the last eight years she had lived with her
daughter, Mrs. E. St. John. She was the last of Judge Gardner's five
children, and in her death one more of the pioneer families of
Saginaw is gone, and the circle of those who have known Saginaw for
a half century is one smaller. Mrs. Palmer's real worth was known
only to those who touched her home circle, for it was within this
circle that she lived. She was naturally of a retiring disposition, and
for the past twenty-five years feeble health had prevented her from
widening the circle of her active influence. Yet who shall say that the
pure, noble life that she lived, and her devotion to home and family has
not been far-reaching in its influence for good.
Mrs. Palmer was the mother of eleven children, six of whom survive
her. A daughter, Miss Alice Palmer, died in Saginaw March 18, 1886,
and four died in Flint. Those who survive are Mrs. William Smith,
Mrs. E. St. John, Mrs. James H. Wellington, and Walter F. Palmer, of
Saginaw, and Miss S. C. Palmer and Mrs. H. L. Ketcham, of Chicago.
MBS. HARRIET PASSAGE. Mrs. Harriet Passage, widow of the late A.
B. Passage, died December 19, 1892, at the family residence, 938 South
Washington avenue. The deceased, who was 66 years of age, for the
past 26 years had been a resident of Saginaw and was much esteemed
by a large circle of friends. Three children mourn her loss, Mrs.
Allen McLean, Mrs. William Lewis, and Miss Hattie Passage.
DANIEL D. EICHARDSON. Another of Saginaw's old residents, Daniel
D. Eichardson, heeded the final summons to the great beyond
February 6, 1893, at the residence of his son, John W. Eichardson,
924 North Porter street. The deceased was born near Napanee, Ont.,
September 13, 1823, was married at the age of 22 to Miss Elmira
Costlow, who died about eleven years ago. He came to Michigan in
1859 and had lived in Saginaw for the past thirty years. Mr. Richardson
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 157
served nearly three years during the war of the rebellion as a private
in Co. G, first regiment of the Michigan volunteer engineers and
mechanics. He leaves three daughters, Mrs. D. A. King of Saginaw,
Mrs. Hester Ann Benner of Spokane Falls, Wash., and Mrs. Philinda
Meyers of St. Paul, Minn.; and three sons, John, Charles, and Amos,
all of Saginaw.
MRS. WILLIAM KOESER, SB. Mrs. William Koeser, Sr., died at her
home March 18, 1893. Mrs. Roeser, whose maiden name was Therese
Von Yasold, was born near Rudolphsbath, Germany, July 16, 1829.
In 1850 she came with her parents to this county and settled in
Tittabawassee township.
For years Mr. and Mrs. Koeser made their home in Tittabawassee,
and subsequently came to Saginaw. Of their home and its influence,
of Mrs. Eoeser as a friend and neighbor, hundreds of friends today
speak with the sad thought that relations so well filled on her part
are ended.
Mrs. Koeser leaves a husband and eight children to mourn the irre-
parable loss of a wife and mother, who in these relations was what
only a noble-minded, large-hearted, unselfish woman can be. The
children are: Oscar, Franz and Albert Koeser, of Grand Island, Neb.;
Herman, Charles L., and Fred Roeser, Mrs. Enoch Solms, and William
Roeser, Jr., of Saginaw.
' AMASA RUST. Amasa Rust, prominent in business affairs in the
Saginaw valley and of a family conspicuous in the lumbering interests
of the northwest, died at his residence 207 Harrison street, Saginaw,
January 26, 1893.
Amasa Rust was born in Wells, Rutland county, Vt., May 27,. 1823,
and was of a family of eight, of whom John F. Rust of Cleveland,
Ezra Rust of Saginaw, and Mrs. T. G. Butlin of Chicago, are now
living. The father of Amasa Rust was a farmer in moderate circum-
stances and gave his family the educational advantages that the common
schools of that date afforded.. In 1837 he removed with his family to
Newport (now Marine City), where the subject of this sketch began
the battle for life in 1841 in shipbuilding and sailing on the lakes
until 1850, when he turned his attention to lumbering, which he
followed until his death. He came to Saginaw in 1855, and at first
was associated with his brothers under the firm name of D. W. Rust
& Co., and subsequently he became a member of the lumber firm of
Rust Brothers & Co., Butman & Rust, Burrows & Rust, and Rust,
Eaton & Co.. operating large saw mills and salt works on the Saginaw
158 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
river, and owning extensive tracts of pine timber. At the time of his
death he was a director in the Commercial and First National banks
of Saginaw. and the Saginaw county Savings bank.
The hospitable and rugged personality of Amasa Rust were distinguish-
ing traits in his character, and socially he was a most warm hearted
and companionable gentleman. Through his untiring industry, business
sagacity and energy he amassed a large fortune, which was used with
lavish generosity to help those less fortunate in the struggle of human
existence. He was also a public spirited man, had an abiding faith in
Saginaw, and contributed liberally to every project calculated to benefit
and build up the city. He was a true friend and good neighbor, and
few citizens of Saginaw leave a larger circle of enduring friends, among
them many who personally realize and appreciate the value of his
worth and friendship.
For many years Mr. Rust was a member of the vestry of St. John's
church and one of the chief supporters of the church for the erection
of which he was one of the most generous subscribers. He also gave
liberally toward the erection of the guild house and rectory of St.
John's parish, and in fact nis hand was ever in his pocket to respond
to the appeal of any worthy charitable or religious project.
In August, 1849, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Marietta A.
Grout, who survives him. The fruits of this union were five children,
of whom Charles A. and Ezra G. Rust of Saginaw and Mrs. Ida G.
Macpherson of Duluth are living. He was also uncle of Hon. W. A.
Rust of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, one of the prominent lumbermen of
that state.
RUDOLPH SCHACKER. Rudolph Schacker, one of the pioneers of Sag-
inaw, died November 28, 1892, at his residence, 223 Park street north,
from the effects of a paralytic stroke, aged 78 years and 8 months.
Deceased had lived in Saginaw since 1847, and is said to have been
the first cabinet maker to make Saginaw his home. He was well known
and esteemed and will be greatly missed by the friends among whom
he had resided for so many years. His family consists of his wife, to
whom he had been married for fifty-two years, three married daughters
who live in Toledo, one son in California and another, son whose where-
abouts are unknown.
PAUL SCHMIDT. Paul Schmidt, one of Saginaw's best known German
citizens, died December 15, 1892.
Mi*. Schmidt was 73 years of age, and was born in Vienna, Austria,
where he learned the apothecary's trade. For about thirty years Saginaw
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 159
has been his home, the greater part of which he has been in business
at the corner of Germania and Genesee avenues. Upon first coming to
the city he was for a few years in the employ of Henry Melchers as
prescription clerk. His friends were many, for though somewhat
eccentric, his kindly disposition and upright character gained for him
the esteem of all with whom he was brought in contact.
MRS. FRANCES STAFFORD. Mrs. Frances Stafford, wife of Philo Staf-
ford, foreman of the Bust, Eaton & Co.'s saw mill for twenty-six years
past, died February 20, 1893, at her home in Zilwaukee. Deceased was
54 years old and had resided in Zilwaukee twenty-six years. She was
prominently connected with the Woman's Equal Suffrage association of
the State, and in all the walks of life she was an exemplary wife and
mother and a most useful and highly esteemed member of the social
sphere in which she moved. She leaves one daughter, Mrs. E. Clark of
Cleveland, and four sons.
MRS. AUGUST STRASBURG. Mrs. August Strasburg died at her home
in Saginaw September 24, 1892, aged nearly 56 years.
Mrs. Strasburg was born in Buffalo, N. Y., and her maiden name
was Elizabeth Bangester. She married August Strasburg in Detroit in
1853. They had resided in Saginaw since 1861. Mrs. Strasburg leaves
a husband and four children, three sons and one daughter, the latter
Mrs. George W. Hill. The sons are August, a resident of Saginaw;
Herman, at Fort Sherman, I. T., and Edward, a resident of Los
Angeles, Cal. Mrs. Strasburg was a good woman, an affectionate
wife and mother, and a kind neighbor with a large circle of friends.
WM. THAYER. Wm. Thayer, one of Chesaning's old residents, died
at his home February 7, 1893.
ENOS THROOP. linos Throop died at his home in Saginaw February
20, 1893, aged 64 years.
Mr. Throop was born in Bennington, Wyoming county, N. Y., August
12, 1828, and removed with his parents when fourteen years old, to Kich-
field, Genesee county, Mich., where he was twice married. He had resided
in Saginaw for nearly thirty years, and was well known arid highly
respected. He was the father of eleven children, four of whom are
living, Mrs. Lillie Desaw of Standish; Maud Throop of Adrian, and
William and Ira Throop, of Saginaw.
CHARLES TOWNSEND. Charles Townsend died March 8, 1893, aged
78 years.
160 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
He had been a resident of Saginaw for the past thirty years, and
leaves five sons, William of Saginaw, Charles of Kansas City, Mo.,
Alonzo of Topeka, Kas., M. W. of Denver, and John A. of Saginaw;
and three daughters, Mrs. Kanson Curtis of Waterford, Ont., Mrs. O.
P. Barber and Mrs. E. D. Peck, of Saginaw.
EGBERT TURNER. Eobert Turner died May 20, 1893, the aged victim
of the terrible conflagration.
Mr. Turner was a native of Glostenbury, Conn., where he was born
in 1804. For a long period he was an extensive woolen manufacturer in
New York, but settled in Michigan some thirty-five years ago and
engaged in the same business. Seven years ago he came to Saginaw
and made his home with his daughter, Mrs. Luther Holland. Mrs.
Turner, who survives him, is 85 years of age, it being sixty-five years
since their wedding day. He leaves four children, Mrs. W. W. Whedon
and Mrs. E. A. Spence, of Ann Arbor, Mrs. Luther Holland of Saginaw,
and Henry E. Turner of Lowville, N. Y.
ADAM WEGST. Adam Wegst, one of Saginaw's best * known citizens,
died at his home on Germania avenue, October 3, 1892. He was a
man held in universal esteem, enjoying the friendship and respect of
all who knew him. In his demise Saginaw loses one who was in
every sense of the term, a true citizen.
Mr. Wegst was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, November 2, 1833.
His father, who was in government employ, died when he was in his
third year. He remained at home attending school until nearly four-
teen, after which he learned the cooper's trade, serving a three years'
apprenticeship, and at the age of seventeen came to America, in 1851.
The sailing vessel in which he came was wrecked on Coney Island and
all his baggage was lost. He came west as far as Cleveland and after
six months went to Painesville, where he spent two years in a furnace,
and then returned to Cleveland where he took up the business of a
cooper, working for one employer eight years, and for one winter
during the cholera scourge was at Washington Harbor, Wis. In April,
1861, Mr. Wegst came to Saginaw, where he became partner with Fred
Eump in the cooperage business, and then became foreman for Ten
Eyck & Co. in that branch of their business. Afterwards he occupied
the same position in the Orange county works at Carrollton until 1866,
when he became a partner in the firm of Wegst & Mark, continuing
this until 1873, when he bought out his partner and carried on a large
trade. In 1886 Mr. Wegst formed a partnership with his son-in-law,
MEMORIAL REPORT SAGINAW COUNTY. 161
J. P. Beck, and engaged in the manufacture of carriages, etc., the
partnership existing at the time of his death.
Mr. Wegst was married at Cleveland. March 23, 1856, to Jacobina
Celler, who also was a native of Wurtemberg. She died February 16,
1891, leaving one adopted son, John, and two daughters, Mrs. J. P.
Beck and Miss Minnie Wegst. For some years the adopted son has
resided in the west.
In his church connection Mr. Wegst was associated with the
Lutheran church. He took an active interest in the social as well as
the business interests of the city that so long was his home, and was
among the original members of both the Germania and Arbeiter
societies and also a member of the pioneer society of the county. For
eight years he served the city in the capacity of alderman and was a
capable and valued member of the city's legislative body; for six years
he was on the board of supervisors, for one year a member of the
board of education and at the time of his death was on the board of
review of the city.
JOHN C. ZIEGLER.-^- John C. Ziegler, a resident of Saginaw since
1859, died at his home, corner of Monroe and Bond streets, March 30,
1893.
Mr. Zeigler was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, November 15, 1880.
At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a jeweler, and followed that
trade in Germany until 1852, when he came to America and located at
Detroit. In 1859 he came to Saginaw and entered the employ of
Thomas Doughty, where he remained until 1861, when he enlisted in
Company H, Second Michigan Infantry. He served during the war and
then returned to Saginaw and established in the jewelry business on the
west side, where he was for years the leading jeweler. Some ten years
ago he met with business reverses, and poor health compelled him
soon after to seek a -more healthful business, and though he has done
something at his trade most of the time since then, he has been quite
extensively engaged in growing grapes, which he made into wine. He
was an honored member of J. M. Penoyer post No. 90, G. A. R., and
of the Teutonia society. He has always been' esteemed as a good
citizen and upright man. In 1861 he married Christina Hink. They
have seven children, three sons, Louis Ziegler of Chicago, Charles and
Albert, of Saginaw; and four daughters, Mrs. Emma Roth of Blum-
field, and the Misses Augusta, Clara, and Helen, of Saginaw.
2L
162 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
SHIAWASSEE COUNTY.
BY ALONZO H. OWENS.
JAMES CUMMIN. James Cummin died at his home in the village of
Morrice, December 15, 1892, aged 77 years.
The death of Mr. Cummin removes from our midst one of the most
prominent and best known pioneers of Shiawassee county. Mr. Cummin
was of Scotch ancestry, tracing his lineage to the Cummin clan who
fought with the renowned Sir William Wallace. His father, Alexander
Cummin, was born in County Down, Ireland, and died at Corunna
at the age of 82 years. In religion the Cummin clan were strict
Presbyterians.
Mr. James Cummin, the subject of this sketch was born in County
Down, Ireland, and came to this country a young man, and worked at
the carpenter's trade in Detroit for a time in the 30's, and acquired
some property which he sold and then moved to Shiawassee county,
and was one of the first pioneers of the township of Perry. He
followed farming and real estate business, and at one time was the
owner of over 3,000 acres of land which he accumulated by hard labor
and careful management. Being a liberal and public spirited man, he
invested nearly $10,000 in the bonds of the Detroit & Milwaukee and
Chicago & Northwestern railroads, the most of which was a free gift
to aid in their construction. At Corunna, when the Corunna car
company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing freight cars,
he gave a portion of the necessary land for its location, and indorsed
notes to aid it to the amount of several thousand dollars, and lost the
whole amount. He also advanced the money to build the Presbyterian
church at Corunna, which was returned to him after several years' use.
Mr. Cummin became interested with Lansing parties in the State
Insurance Company and invested $5,000 which he lost. He was also a
large stockholder in the First National bank at Corunna for several
years and was one of the principal founders of the first bank of this
county, known as the Exchange Bank of J. B. Wheeler & Co. He
was also very active in securing the location of the county seat at
Corunna.
In politics Mr. Cummin was a sturdy democrat, and during the dark
days of the Rebellion, at the solicitation of committees from various
towns of the county, he held war meetings to secure recruits and free
the towns from the draft, in which he was very successful always
freely contributing his services.
MEMORIAL REPORT SHI A WASSEE COUNTY. 163
Mr. Cummin served the county as county treasurer for fourteen or
.sixteen years, being elected to that office on the democratic ticket in
1864, when the republicans had about one thousand five hundred
majority in the county, the only democrat elected on the county ticket.
Mr. Cummin, while living in Detroit was married to Miss Julia A.
Beale, who was born in Kochester, New York. She died at Corunna
in 1880. Ten children were born to them, four of whom died when
small and one in later years, Captain William E. Cummin, now resid-
ing in Corunna, being the eldest surviving child. The other children
are George E. and James F. Cummin, now successfully engaged in
business at Cheney, Washington, and Mrs. Lizzie Cummin Phelps and
Miss Julia Cummin of San Jose. California. These absent ones were
unable to be present at the funeral of their father. Beside these
children Mr. Cummin leaves a widow, to whom he was married several
years ago.
DR. W. B. Fox. Dr. Wells B. Fox, late surgeon of the Eighth Mich-
igan Infantry and surgeon-in-chief of the field hospital of the first
division, ninth army corps, died of apoplexy May 30, 1893, at Bancroft
after an illness of but a few days. He was to have delivered the
memorial address, it having been customary for him to take part in the
exercises for a number of years. He was a very eloquent speaker.
Wells B. Fox was born in Buffalo, N. Y., September 1, 1823. When
a child of eight years he was injured, and was placed for surgical
treatment in the care of one of the most eminent surgeons of the
Empire state. The old doctor had no children and finally adopted
young Fox. He early imbibed the idea of studying medicine and,
from the time he was fourteen years old, compounded all the doctor's
medicine and traveled with him all over that part of the country. Fox
studied medicine in Buffalo, and graduated at the Union college at
Schenectady, N. Y. For two years he was medical attendant of the
county hospital of Erie county.
In 1849 he came to Michigan and located in Livingston county,
beginning a general practice. He continued there until 1862 when he
entered the army as surgeon. He was appointed assistant surgeon of
the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry by Governor Wisner. In this
capacity he served until June, 1863, when he was made surgeon of the
Eighth Michigan Infantry until the close of the war. While in the
Twenty-second regiment, after Morgan's raid in Kentucky, he organized
the hospitals at Lexington, Ky. In September, 1864, he was made sur-
geon-in-chief of the field in front of Petersburg, and continued in that
position until he was discharged July 20, 1865.
164 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
He was at Appomattox with his hospital corps, and was by invita-
tion of Gen. Sheridan, a witness of the making of the terms of peace
between Grant and Lee. It is said that during the war he amputated
9,000 limbs, and conducted 14,000 other operations. At the close of
the civil war he returned to Michigan. In 1877 he came to- Bancroft
and took an interest in its improvement, erecting a number of buildings
of great benefit to the village.
The marriage of Dr. Fox and Miss Triphena Skinner took place
January 8, 1853. She died August, 1888. By this marriage the doctor
had two daughters who survive him. Both are married and reside at
Bancroft. He was a prominent Odd Fellow and belonged to the Byron
encampment. He stood high not only in the councils of the G. A. R.
but also in his profession, and his reputation as a surgeon was national
in its character.
ISAAC GALE. Isaac Gale was born at Bern, Albany county, N. Y., on
the 4th day of December, 1808. His parents were of German extract-
ion; the Sherburn family, to which his mother belonged, emigrated
from Germany to England in the sixteenth century, and from England
to America in the seventeenth century. Isaac, like the majority of
farmer's boys of that day, remained at home working on his father's
farm until he was twenty-one years old. This early discipline of busi-
ness and economy laid the foundation of his future success. His school
privileges were confined to the district schools of his neighborhood, but
with an active and logical intellect, with an ambition to acquire knowl-
edge, he made life a long term of school, and accumulated a fund of
practical information that is seldom covered with a college diploma.
He wisely concluded to attempt success in the calling to which he
was born and reared. He came to the territory of Michigan in the
spring of 1830 and located one hundred and sixty acres of timbered
land in Washtenaw county. About this time he was married to Miss
M. A. Wilbur of Duchess county, N. Y., who still survives him.
In 1840 he exchanged his farm in Washtenaw county for a tract of
unimproved land in the township of Bennington, Shiawassee county;
this farm he improved and enlarged until it embraced three hundred
and eighty acres one of the finest farms in the county. Mr. Gale's
maxim was to live within your income, and he demonstrated that suc-
cess was sure along that line. Daring his long and active life he
accumulated a fortune of over one hundred thousand dollars. His
judicial mind and his extensive reading made him a leader among the
pioneers of Shiawassee. He was supervisor of his township for fifteen.
MEMORIAL REPORT SHIAWASSEE COUNTY. 165
years. He was justice of the peace for thirty-six years, and served*
four years as record judge of the county court before the present cir-
cuit court system was adopted.
In his official capacity he labored to keep his township out of debt
and to have the county governed in a conservative and economical
manner.
Later in life he was interested in banking and in the construction
of a portion of the Chicago and Grand Trunk railway. He was social in
his nature and was never too busy to talk with a neighbor or friend.
In politics he was a democrat and was strong in the belief that the
" rascals should be turned out " of office. About five years before his
death he moved to the village of Morrice where he died July 2, 1892.
Among the many men of ability who became identified with the early
history of Shiawassee county, probably none contributed more to its
material and social prosperity than Isaac Gale.
MRS. DANIEL JEFFEES. Mrs. Daniel Jeffers died at her home in
Burton June 2, 1893, aged 84 years and 10 months. Her aged
husband and five children survive her. The names of the surviving
children are Mrs. Mary Phipps of Stanton, Mich.; Aaron Jeffers of
Groomsville, Ind.; George Jeffers of Flushing; Mrs. Jennie Packer of
Caro, Tuscola county; and Mrs. Louisa Adams of Burton.
The deceased was born in England and came to Michigan in 1833.
At the time of her death she had resided in Burton fifty-four years.
The deceased was a woman of exemplary life and enjoyed the friendship
of a large circle of friends. Her children sincerely mourn the loss of
one of the best of mothers.
SAFFORD PITTS. Safford Pitts died at twelve o'clock, December 31,
1892, or at the ushering in of the new year of 1893. He was born in
Richmond, Ghittenden county, Vermont, in 1825. He came to Mich-
igan in 1830 with his parents, Moses and Sally Pitts, first settling in
Bloomfield, Oakland county. In 1836 his father took one hundred and
twenty acres of land from government in Bennington, Shiawassee
county, Michigan, and in 1838 moved his family, thereon, with a place
cleared only large enough to set a house. All commenced life in earnest.
In 1850 the father died leaving a family of eight children of whom
Safford was the eldest. With the persistent push and energy which
characterized the people in those days, all moved on, Safford teaching
school winters and working on the farm summers, and in time he owned
one hundred and sixty acres of land on the Grand River road where it
is intersected by the Owosso & Perry road, one mile from the old
166 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
homestead farm. He was married in 1858 to Miss Cornelia Grenell of
Rose, Oakland county, Michigan, and this farm became his permanent
home. Buildings were erected on it, a nice school house built on one
of the opposite corners, and a church a little east of another corner
which was dedicated a Baptist church. Other buildings arose, some for
business and some for dwellings, until they had quite a settlement and
they called it Pittsburgh, and a postoffice was established, Mr. Pitts
appointed postmaster, which office he held until 1885. This was also
called Pittsburgh postoffice. Mi*. Pitts was converted in early life, and
united with the Baptist church and lived and died a Christian, and
was also a thorough temperance worker.
The deceased leaves a widow and three children, A. G. Pitts, a
lawyer in Detroit, Mrs. W. O. Carrier, wife of a Presbyterian clergy-
man in Wausau, Wisconsin, and Miss Allie Pitts.
ST. GLAIR COUNTY.
BY MRS. HELEN W. FARRAND.
MRS. ELIZABETH ASHTON. Mrs. Elizabeth Ashton died at her
residence in Port Huron, July 31, 1892. She had nearly reached the
age of 64 years. ' She was born in Yorkshire, England, and came to
this country at the age of thirty years. Here she married and moved
to St. Clair a number of years since. For the last seven years of her
life she had been afflicted with total blindness. Two children, a
daughter, resident in Detroit, and Robert Ashton of Port Huron, are
left to mourn her.
MRS. ANDREW BLACKIE. Mrs. Andrew Blackie, aged 88 years, living
in China township, died July 15, 1892. The deceased was an old
resident and was respected by all who knew her.
WM. BURNS. Wm. Burns, ex-county treasurer, died at his home,
1534 Poplar street, Port Huron, May 3, 1893, aged 55 years. Mr.
Burns was born in Chapel township, County Wexford, Ireland, and
came to America with his brother Moses forty years ago. He located
in Fremont, Sanilac county, on land purchased from the government.
Three years later he moved to Worth, in the same county, and shortly
afterwards to Jeddo, in Grant township, where he settled on a farm..
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 167
His first wife was Mary Ann Carroll, daughter of a Grant farmer.
She died twenty years ago, leaving two sons and two daughters, Wm.
and John, now of Chicago, Mrs. John Dawson of Dakota, and Miss
Katie Burns of Port Huron. Mr. Burns was married the second time
to Mrs. Thome of Port Huron seventeen years ago, and from this
marriage had one son, John, aged 16 years. He had two sisters resid-
ing in Chicago, and a brother, Moses, in Sanilac county. In 1886 Mr.
Burns was elected county treasurer on the democratic ticket and came
to Port Huron to reside. He was [elected a second time. For two
years he was under sheriff. As an officer he was a courteous and
obliging gentleman and made many friends. He was an enthusiastic
member of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, a member of the Knights
of Labor and of Huron tent, K. O. T. M. In the death of Mr. Burns
Port Huron has lost a good citizen.
JAMES W. CAMPBELL. James W. Campbell died at his farm on
Lapeer avenue, Port Huron, August 9, 1892, aged 74 years. He had
resided on the same farm for forty-four years. He leaves a wife, five
sons, and one daughter.
THOMAS CURRIE. Thos. Currie, an old resident of Algonac, and
father of Capt. Thomas Currie of Port Huron, died at the home of
his daughter, Mrs. Frank Hart, of Marine City, on Sunday, February
5, 1893, aged 79 years. Mr. Currie was born in Belfast, Ireland, in
1818, and moved to Nova Scotia when seven years of age. In 1839 he
moved to Algonac and has since resided there. Five sons and three
daughters survive him.
MRS. JOSEPH EBERT. Mrs. Joseph Ebert died February 8, 1893.
She was born in Bavaria, Germany, 1832, and came to this country at
an early age. She was married in 1852, at St. Clair, which place has
always been her home since her arrival in this country. Five children
survive her, three of whom are married. Two, Mrs. M. Gearing and
Edw. Cashine reside in Detroit, and Mrs. G. S. Anderson in Allegheny,
Pa. The other two have always lived here at her sister's home, the
St. Clair House. She also leaves two sisters and one brother to mourn
her loss.
ANDREW FOSTER. Andrew Foster died suddenly of heart disease
October 7, 1892. Andrew Foster was born in Ireland on February 2,
1828. He came to Canada with his parents when 18 years of age. He
grew to manhood in Canada and was at one time engaged in the boot
and shoe business in Guelph. At the breaking out of the war he
168 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
moved to Detroit and in 1862 came to Port Huron and entered the
employ of H. J. Bockius. Two years later he engaged in the boot and
shoe business on his own account and has since continued in it, and ,
at the time of his death was the oldest boot and shoe dealer in this
section of the county. Two sons and two daughters survive him, Fred
Foster, Wm. Foster, Mrs. Fred Wright, and Miss Edith Foster, all of
Port Huron.
JOHN H. HOYT. John H. Hoyt died at his home in Port Huron
June 3, 1892, aged 56 years.
Mr. Hoyt came to Port Huron over thirty years ago. At one time he
was engaged in the drug business, was for years a member of the
customs force, and was connected with Howard's lumber office for
some time. A wife, 'one son, and one daughter survive him.
MRS. FRANKLIN W. HUNTINGTON. Mrs. S. M. Huntington, nee Kings-
bury, died October 20, 1892. She was born in Ogsdensburg, N. Y., in
1820. Her father subsequently established the family home in Canton,
N. Y., at which place the marriage of his daughter, Susan M., to
Franklin W. Huntington was solemnized. Mr. and Mrs. Huntington
moved to Kentucky where they both engaged in teaching. A few years
after they were again at the old home in Canton, from which place
they came to Port Huron in 1850. Eight children were born to them,
four of them still living, viz., Mrs. Geo. W. Jones, Mrs. E. O. Avery,
of Alpena; Mrs. Fred A. Fish of Port Huron, and Geo. P. Hunting-
ton of Detroit. Mrs. Huntington's character was moulded in child-
hood through the religious influences of a pious mother, which, early
in life, led her to seek connection with the Presbyterian church in
Canton. During the whole period of her residence in Port Huron she
was a consistent member of the Congregational church of that city.
Five members only are living of older membership than herself. Her
literary taste made her a very desirable co-worker in the Ladies'
Library Association, of which she was a charter member, and for which
she had rilled the offices of librarian, recording secretary, correspond-
ing secretary, etc., with ability and care. On the occasion of a visit
from the L. L. A., of Flint, Mrs. Huntington's poem to mark, the
occasion elicited much applause, and in this connection we will say
that her talent for composing in " measure " a poetic faculty was
often exercised, and, on fitting occasions, a poem from her facile pen
was frequently solicited. . Her tenacious memory was a marvel to her
friends until advancing years weakened its power. A quiet dignity
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. GLAIR COUNT!'. 169
seemed her personal accompaniment, and her friends will recall its
gentle power on many occasions in the past.
GAGE INSLEE. Gage Inslee died at his home in Port Huron, Janu-
ary 27, 1893. Mr. Inslee was born in New York state August 8, 1818.
He came west with his parents in 1835. In 1856 he engaged in the
milling business in Port Huron. In 1860 he was appointed deputy
United States marshal and also served as provost marshal. In 1862 he
was appointed to a position on the customs force and held the place
until 1885. He was an uncompromising republican. In 1841 Mr. Inslee
married Miss Elsie Ann Montague of Orange county, N. Y. She died
about five years ago. The deceased leaves one son, Chas. Inslee, of
Grand Rapids, and one daughter, Mrs. A. B. McCollom.
MRS. M. McELROY. Mrs. M. McElroy, whose death occurred July 21,
1892, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 56 years ago.
In 1854 she was married to Jacob McElroy, a brother of Hon. C.
McElroy of St. Glair, and soon after moved to the state of Alabama
where they lived until her health failed, when she with her husband
and five children came north again, settling at New Baltimore. In the
year 1871 they moved to Marine City where in March, 1879 they cele-
brated their silver wedding. Mr. McElroy died soon after. In August
of the same year the widow moved to St. Glair where she had resided
ever since. Frail in body yet of a persevering and energetic nature
her life was prolonged much beyond the expectations of her friends.
During her residence in St. Glair, until the past year and a half, she
successfully carried on the furniture and undertaking business. During
these years of business she served with delicacy and appropriateness at
a large number of funerals. Her manner was of that quiet and retir-
ing kind that wins friends at every point. She was a member of the
Congregational church.
The example of perseverence and industry as illustrated in the life
and character of Mrs. McElroy is one which could be followed by all
with profit.
MRS. EGBERT MILLS. Phoebe Gumpton Mills, wife of Robert Mills,
was born near Wardsville, Canada, fifty-nine years ago and died at her
home in Port Huron, June 4, 1892. For many years she lived at
Belle River, in what is known as the Hart settlement, She became a
member of the Methodist church when quite young and always lived
an upright, Christian life.
22
170 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
OSCAR F. MORSE. Oscar F. Morse was born in New Hampshire,
February 13, 1842. He came to St. Clair with his parents in 1846. At
the age of 20 years he joined the 8th Michigan Cavalry and entered
the service in defense of his country. In the fall of 1863 he was
taken prisoner near Athens, Tennessee, and for the next fourteen
months languished, starved, and suffered in five different southern
prisons, among the number being Libby, Richmond, and Andersonville
prisons. At the end of this time he was exchanged and came home
badly broken down in health and the sufferings thus endured made
him more or less an invalid for the balance of his life. After the
close of the war he served in various public positions, among them as
clerk of the house of representatives for one year, and engrossing clerk
of the senate for two years. The duties of these offices he performed
very acceptably.
In the year 1869 he was married to Miss Sarah Saph, who died May
23, 1892. Five children were born to them, four of whom are left to
mourn his death.
Three years ago Mr. and Mrs. Morse joined the Congregational
church of St. Clair, and at the time of his death, which occurred July
23, 1892, Mr. Morse was a trustee of the society and clerk of the
church.
The deceased directed the building of the hotel at Grande Pointe
and was manager of the same for some time. Later on he occupied
positions of steward and manager of the Oakland .and Somerville
Springs hotels respectively and made many friends by his attentions
to the welfare and comfort of thousands of guests.
He was a member of Miles post G. A. E. and of Palmer lodge No.
20, Knights of Pythias, of St. Clair, and was buried by the latter
organization. A detachment from Sanborn post G. A. R, of Port
Huron, accompanied by a portion of Miles post, of St. Clair, attended
the funeral services.
CALIXTE PAILLE. Calixte Paille, an old resident of Port Huron, died
at his home, 409 Ontario street, August 14, 1892. Heart difficulty
was the cause of his death. The deceased was formerly a well known
boot and shoe dealer but of late has lived a retired life. He had
resided in Port Huron fifty years and had resided in the same house
for thirty-nine years. He leaves a wife and one daughter, Mrs. Geo.
Tebo of Chicago.
MRS. MALINDA PARIS. Mrs. Malinda Paris died in St. Clair, October
22, 1892, aged 68 years. She was born at Paris, Ky., December 24,
MEMORIAL, REPORT ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 171
1824. Her maiden name was Robinson. Her father was a slave, but
her mother was born free. From this marriage there were nine
children, of whom Malinda was the sixth.
On account of the father being a slave a very determined effort was
made to enslave the children. This the mother steadfastly resisted
through the courts for fourteen years, when they were finally declared
free. Malinda, the subject of this sketch, distinctly remembered the
time, she being then five years of age. The mother then tried to buy
the freedom of her husband, but the sum asked ($15,000) being beyond
her power to secure, he urged her to take the children and go north^
choosing to die there alone in slavery rather than run the risk of
having them stolen from her. She finally did so, taking her departure
in the night, her husband, unknown to his master, accompanying them
nine miles of the way. They then knelt together and prayed and
sang a parting hymn, and the slave father turned back alone to end
his life a slave, while the faithful mother hurriedly bore her children
onward to a place of safety.
They never met again on earth. She found a home for herself at
Terre Haute, Ind., where they earned their living, the mother at her
trade as a tailoress, and the children working out. There Malinda
became acquainted with William Paris, whom she married at the age of
eighteen. He was born free, but had been kidnapped at three different
times and taken into slavery. Twice he was held thus for six months
at a time before he found opportunity to escape, and the last time he
was held a year. This was before their marriage.
After their marriage they went to Vincennes, Ind., where they found
employment in a hotel as cooks. But they had not been long there
when his would-be master found him out, and came with his blood-
hounds to force him back into slavery; but by means of the
"underground railroad" a safe landing on Canadian soil was secured
to him. He went to Chatham, where he was soon joined by his wife,
Malinda, and there their first child, Jane, was born. He enlisted as a
soldier, but in a short time the regiment was disbanded. After this
they went to Detroit, and meeting there with Gen. S. B. Brown they
were hired by him to come to St. Glair and cook in his hotel, and
here they spent the remainder of their lives, she being left a widow in
the year 1860.
There were seven children born, to them, three of whom are still
living. Her oldest son, Henry, enlisted in the war of the rebellion,
where he ^remained until its close, a period of over three years and
three months. He contracted disease in the army, consumption, and
172 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
after a lingering illness, died in his mother's home. She finally applied
for and received a pension on his account, but only lived to enjoy it
for about three years. She was always a very hard worker, and for the
last few years of her life she suffered a good deal from difficulty of
breathing. Fourteen months ago she had a very sudden and serious
attack of sickness which the physicians pronounced heart trouble.
From this she never recovered. During the most of this period her
sufferings were intense. She knew, that her life hung upon a very slender
thread, but her trust in God was unfaltering to the end. Her desire
for continued life was only for the sake of others, that she might still
help to bear their burdens. The. immense concourse of people present
on the occasion was sufficient testimony that " Aunt Malinda " will
long be held in loving remembrance by the people of St. Clair.
KEV. A. HASTINGS Boss. Rev. A. Hastings Boss died at his home
in Port Huron, May 13, 1893. He was a native of Worcester county,
Massachusetts, and was born in the town of Winchendon on April 28,
1831. His early life was spent on a farm. He attended the common
school there and entered the academy. He afterwards went to Oberlin,
Ohio, where he entered Oberlin college, and graduated in 1857, After
graduating he entered the theological seminary at Andover, Massachu-
setts, where he pursued his theological studies for three years. His
first pastorate was at Boylston, Mass., where he remained five years.
He then accepted a call and was pastor of the Congregational church
of Springfield, Ohio, for seven years, and was afterwards pastor of a
church in Columbus, Ohio, for two years. He then accepted a call
from the first Congregational church in Port Huron, and came here
on June 1, 1876. During his lifetime Mr. Ross was a lecturer on
church polity in the Oberlin Theological Seminary, and was elected
"Southworth lecturer on Congregationalism" at Andover Theological
Seminary. During his seventeen years residence in Port Huron he
built up a large congregation, with several branch chapels. He was
one of the founders of the Hospital and Home and was its president
at the time of his death. He will be missed in this institution. Mr.
Ross was also prominently identified with other charitable institutions
of the city. He was respected by all classes in all churches, and was
acknowledged a man of much ability.
Mr. Ross was united in marriage October 15, 1861, to Miss Mary M.
Oilman, of Churchville, New York, who survives him. He leaves no
children.
.
DEWITT C. SMITH. Dewitt Clinton Smith, of Brockway, died Novem-
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. GLAIR COUNTY. 173
her 10, 1892, in Port Huron, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. George
Plaisted, aged 65 years. Mr. Smith was born in Amherst, Mass., Sep-
tember 3, 1827, was one of the earliest settlers of the county, coming
to St. Clair with his father in 1836. He was a member of the Presby-
terian church in which for many years he has been an earnest and
faithful worker.
MRS. C. M. STOCKWELL. Mrs. C. M. Stockwell died at her home in
Port Huron, August 22, 1892. She had resided in Port Huron with her
husband for forty-one years and her many friends will be pained to
learn of her death. A husband, two sons and two daughters survive
her, Dr. G. A. Stockwel] of Detroit; Dr. C. B. Stockwell of Port
Huron; Mrs. Walter McMillan of Detroit, and Mrs. Harry Hyde of
Buffalo.
MR. JOSIAH WEST. Mr. Josiah West, one of St. Glair's oldest citi-
zens, died at the residence of his son, Mr. Fred West, in St. Clair
township, July 30, 1892. Born in Middlesex,* Vermont, December 15,
1804, he had nearly rounded out eighty-eight years of life. As a boy
of ten he accompanied his parents, in 1814, to Broome county, N. Y.
From there he moved to St. Clair in 1855. His residence has since
been in this vicinity. For a number of years disease attendant upon
old age had kept him confined to his room.
Over fifty years ago he became a member of the Baptist church.
He was three times married, and the father of fourteen children, but
four of whom are now living.
At one time during the late war he had four sons in the army cf
the Union forces.
MRS. CHARLES H. WATERLOO. Mrs. Charles H. Waterloo died at her
home in Port Huron, July 27, 18.92.
Shie who was Mary Jane Beebe was born in Genesee county, New
York, June 21, 1818. Both her father and mother came from old New
England stock. Her ancestors were of those who sought, found, and
helped maintain a home for the oppressed. W^h her brothers and
sisters, of whom there was a goodly lot in that sturdy family, she was
educated in an humble way in the public schools of Genesee and
Cataraugus counties. In 1836, when this portion of Michigan was prac-
tically a wilderness, the family came to this State, the journey occupy-
ing several weeks, and located at what is now Richmond, in Macomb
county. The settlement there established was long known as, and is
still occasionally called, " Beebe's Corners " a mark of distinction in a
174 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
way for the dominating family among Macomb's pioneers. They were
not rich, these people who came here in the early days, but they were
progressive. The men felled the forest, and with the first logs, after
homes had been built, school houses were erected. In one of these
homely places of learning Mary Beebe taught boys and girls who have
since carried on the task inaugurated by the pioneers. The school
house stood on the river bank near the site of Marysville. Ked men in
canoes filled the great water path in front that is now traversed by the
craft of a mighty commerce,
In November, 1844, the young school teacher was married at Richmond
to Charles H. Waterloo, who, with his parents, brothers, and sisters, had
left England some seventeen years before. The Waterloos had first
established themselves on a farm near Detroit, but were now in
Columbus township, St. Clair county. Here Charles and his wife began
a married life that lasted nearly half a century. Their first home, like
those all about them, was of logs, for they were in the heart of the
woods. Turkeys so wild that they were not afraid of man, camte to
the very doorway to be shot. Deer and other game offered themselves
as easy sacrifices to the growing family. In time the log house and
barns gave place to prouder structures of frame. The children and the
grainfields demanded it. Mr. Waterloo had been a successful farmer
in a small way and had become well known in the community. In
1862 he was elected register of deeds of St. Clair county, and shortly
thereafter abandoned farm life for a home in Port Huron. Here the
homestead has remained. The house in which Mrs. Waterloo died, she
had lived in and loved for twenty-eight years. Her children attended,
and some of them taught in, the public schools of the county. Ten
children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Waterloo. Two of them died more
than two score years ago. Indeed the Almighty, in whom she had an
abiding faith, had dealt kindly with her, in that she had seen a large
family of children reach full maturity. These children are Stanley,
Althea (Mrs. Jerome Campbell), Belle (Mrs. Frank Flower), Hattie,
Charlie, Minnie (Mrs. Ed. Conway), Lucy, and Burke. All were with
their mother at the time of her death with the exception of Stanley,
and he arrived in time to attend the funeral. The pall bearers were
the dead woman's own sons and Mr. Campbell, her son-in-law.
Mrs. Waterloo was a member of the Congregational church and had
been for nearly thirty years. During long months of sickness and
suffering she bore up bravely, and to the very last she taught to those
around her a lesson of unselfishness, humanity, and immortality. The
world is better because of such women as she.
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 175
MRS. CATHERINE YOUNG. Mrs. Catherine Young, widow of the late
James Young died at her home in Port Huron, April 29, 1893. She
was born in Aberfeldy, Scotland, December 13, 1817, and was 76 years
and 4 months old at the time of her death. She came to this
country with her sister and settled in Detroit in 1830 and was married
to James Young in 1832. They moved to Port Huron in 1837, being
among the first settlers here. Mrs. Young watched Port Huron grow
from a small settlement to a thriving city. Naturally of a retiring
disposition and thoroughly devoted to her home and family, she was
but little known except by the older settlers. By her death her children
lose a loving mother, and they sincerely mourn their loss. Four
daughters and two sons survive her, viz.: Mrs. Ann Greenfield of
Detroit; Mrs. Jacob P. Haynes, Mrs. W. V. Elliott, Mrs. M. N. Petit,
John M. and Wm. M. Young, of Port Huron.
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY.
BY HIRAM DRAPER.
MRS. WATSON PERKINS. Mrs. Martha Perkins, relict of Watson Per-
kins, died at the home of her adopted daughter, Mrs. Anna Sturgis in
township of Sturgis, May 28, 1892, aged 83 years. She was buried at
White Pigeon.
MRS. ABRAHAM BUYS. Mrs. Elizabeth Buys, relict of Abraham Buys,
died June 9, 1892, in the 100th year of her age. She was an, early
settler in Colon township in 1834 or '35.
MRS. MARY SKIRVIN. Mrs. Mary Skirvin died in Sturgis, May 20,
1892.
MRS. ELIZABETH EAMES. Mrs. Elizabeth Eames died at the home of
her daughter, Mrs. Frank Koys of Florence, May 27, 1892, aged 77
years.
MRS. WILLIAM DICKINSON. Mrs. Ann Dickinson, relict of the late
William Dickinson of Florence, died at her home in Florence, June 4,
1892, aged 81 years. Was one of the early settlers of, the township.
LYMAN RHOADES. Lyman Ehoades died at his home in White
Pigeon, June 1, 1892. Was born in Monroe, then called Frenchtown,
176 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
in 1809, and of his more than eighty-three years residence in Michigan,
about sixty years have been in the township of White Pigeon.
MRS. POLLY A. EEED. Mrs. Polly A. Reed, for forty years a resi-
dent of Three Rivers, died in that place May 27, 1892, aged 77 years,
10 months, 21 days.
MRS. C. W. COND. Mrs. C. W. Cond died June 6, 1892. She was
born in Branch county in 1836; married to Mr. C. W. Cond May 24,
1865, and had been a resident of Constantine nearly fifty-six years.
She was an educated, amiable lady, a good neighbor and friend, a
faithful wife who has well borne her part in life.
DR. ALVA M. BUTLER. Dr. Alva M. Butler, a former resident of
Constantine, died May 31, 1892, at Dowagiac, aged 66 years. He was
Born in Rome, N. Y., May 25, 1826; was married at Watertown, N. Y.,
in 1861, and came to Constantine where he remained until 1891. His
wife and two sons survive him.
JOSIAH SIMMIS. Josiah Simmis died June 7, 1892, at White Pigeon,
aged 68 years.
MRS. MARY HACHENBERG. Mrs. Mary Hachenberg, widow of the late
I. P. Hachenberg, died June 14, 1892, at the residence of her son H.
H. Hachenberg, aged 92 years.
MRS. HIRAM WELLS. Mrs. Hannah Gilbert Wells, wife of Hiram
Wells, died at her home in Mottville, June 12, 1892, aged 65 years.
MRS. M. V. RORK. Mrs. M. V. Rork, formerly Miss Anna West,
died at Salem, Oregon, June 11, 1892, in the 57th year of her age.
Was for seven years preceptress of the White Pigeon school. Her
honorable and womanly life was an incentive to many who now look
back to her teaching with gratitude.
MRS. HENRY P. GILLETTE. Mrs. Henry P. Gillette was born at
Harpersfield, Ohio, October 7, 1848. She died at her late home,
Auburn Park, Chicago, June 22, 1892. During a union of over twenty-
five years four sons were born to them, all of whom are living and
mourn her loss, together with a large number of friends and neighbors
who knew her so well.
JOHN H. McOkiiRE. John H. McGuire, who was some years ago a
well known man and active merchant tailor in Constantine, died at
Toledo, Ohio, June 8, 1892, aged nearly 73 years.
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 177
JABEZ WHITMOEE. Jabez Whitmore died in Colon, July 3, 1892,
aged 78 years. He had resided in Colon and vicinity thirty-seven
years.
WM. W. BATES. Wm. W. Bates died in Burr Oak, July 2, 1892, at
the home of his son, E. P. Bates, publisher of the Acorn, aged 55
years.
MRS. ELIZABETH EVEKMAN EGBERTS. Mrs. Elizabeth Everman
Roberts died July 8, 1892, at Constantine, Mich., aged nearly 72 years.
She was born near Eaton, Preble county, Ohio, October 4, 1819. At
the age of fourteen years she came with her father to Fort Wayne,
Indiana. She was married to Absalom Roberts, September, 1836. In
1860, with her husband, she removed to Constantine and settled near
the village. She was the mother of nine children, six of whom survive
her.
ANDREW MC!JELAND. Andrew McLeland, a resident of St. Joseph
county since 1837, died in Mendon, July 13, 1892, nearly 76 years old.
FRANK FRENCH. Frank French, of the firm of French Bros., Van-
derbilt, Mich., and brother of C. D. French, of Constantine, was killed
July 14, 1892, by being struck by a board violently thrown back from
a saw in the firm's mill. He was born in Constantine fifty-two years
ago. Served three years in the union army and leaves a wife and
four children. /
MRS. EVELINE EMERY. Mrs. Eveline Emery died in Centreville,
August 9, 1892, aged 58 years. She had resided in Centreville for
fifty years.
MRS. ELIZA B. HAGADORN. Mrs. Eliza B. Hagadorn died in Burr
Oak, August 3, 1892, aged 74 years, 3 months.
MR. AARON HAGENBUCK. Mr. Aaron Hagenbuck died at his home
in Constantine, August 21, 1892. He was born in Berks county, Pa.,
April 8, 1810, and was married to Rachel Hill at Berwick, Columbia
county, Pa., January 26, 1835. Three years later they came to
Constantine where they resided together until the death of Mrs.
Hagenbuck April 19, 1889, a period of fifty-four years.
Since the death of his wife the infirmities of advanced years have
shown a marked hold upon him and to them he has at last succumbed.
He leaves a family of three sons and two daughters, all arrived at
23
178 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
mature years and for all of whom he made ample provision. He came
here early when the country was new, and has been a witness and
participator in the growth and improvement of the country for over
fifty-seven years. He was a man who gave blunt expression to decided
opinions. Helpful and considerate to those he liked; those whom he
did not like did not require the services of a secret detective to find
it out.
A. W. HUFF. A. W. Huff, an old resident, died at his home six
miles southeast of White Pigeon, Thursday, August 25, 1892, aged 76
years, 6 months and 1 day. He formerly resided on the prairie in
the township of Mottville, on the farm where Mrs. Jas. G. Shurtz
resides. He came from New York state to St., Joseph county in 1836.
MRS. WILLIAM DAVEY. Mrs. Elizabeth Ann Lowry Davey died at her
home in Constantine, August 25, 1892. She was born at Truro, in
Cornwall, England, September 7, 1831, and was married May 4,
1852, to William Davey. In 1856 they went to Wellington, Ohio,
and in 1858 they removed to Constantine, Mich., where they continued
to reside until her death. A husband, four sons, and four daughters
survive her.
MRS. E. E. HILL. Mrs. E. K. Hill died in Colon, August 26, 1892.
She had been a resident of Colon nearly fifty years.
ERNEST C. KLOSSERT. Ernest C. Klossert, who settled on a timbered
tract in the township of Sherman in 1861, died at the residence of
his son C. F. Klossert in Burr Oak township, September 2, 1892, aged
83 years.
SAMUEL TEESDALE. Samuel Teesdale died at his home in Constan-
tine, September 24, 1892. He was born near the city of Boston,
Lincolnshire, England, March 9, 1855 and had reached the ripe age of
77 years, 6 months and 15 days. From the year 1835 to the year
1892, a period of fifty-seven years, he was a business man in the
village of Constantine. He was an exemplar in conduct and conversa-
tion of an earnest and consistent Christian. He was a good citizen in
all regards and will be remembered by all who knew him as one whose
influence was always on the right side.
JAMES JONES. James Jones died in Burr Oak, September 2, 1892,
aged 70 years.
MR. LEWIS CROSS. Mr. Lewis Cross died October 4, 1892, at the
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 179
home of his adopted daughter, Mrs. Moses Avery, in Constantine.
He was a stone mason by trade, industrious, honest, a kindly, helpful
neighbor and good citizen. He was about 74 years old and was quite
actively employed until a few days preceding his death.
MRS. MARY JANE SIDLER. Mrs. Mary Jane Sidler died in Parkville,
September 25, 1892, aged 69 years.
MRS. ELIZA ANN TRACY. Mrs. Eliza Ann Tracy died in Constantine,
October 8, 1892, aged 85 years. Mrs. Tracy came from New York to
Michigan in 1832, and had lived since that time on the land in this
township that was procured from the government when they came to
Michigan.
WM. BETTS. Wm. Betts, who built the first store in Burr Oak
(Locke's Station), died in Chicago, September 29, 1892, aged 68 years.
He was a brother of Hon. Charles Betts of Burr Oak.
JOSEPH SHACKMAN. Joseph Shackman died at Elkhart, Indiana,
October 27, 1892, aged 63 years. He carried on the clothing business
in this village some twenty years ago.
MRS. LEMUEL O. HAMMOND. Mrs. Lydia Hammond died in Constan-
tine, October 30, 1892, in the 82d year of her age. Lydia Kichmond
was born in Batavia, Genesee county, New York, March 3, 1811; was
married to Lemuel O. Hammond, May 2, 1830; moved to Florence in
the spring of 1844, and in 1856 came to Constantine. Mr. Hammond
died in 1875.
MRS. ELEANOR EDGARTON. Mrs. Eleanor Edgarton died near Three
Rivers, November 1 , 1892, aged 76 years. She was a native of Monroe
county, Penn., and came to Michigan in 1864.
MRS. LAURA PARSONS. Mrs. Laura. Parsons died in Three Rivers,
November 10, 1892, aged 85 years.
HENRY BEEM. Henry Beem died in Three Rivers, November 9, 1892,
aged 56 years, 5 months.
HARRY ROBERTS. Mr. Harry Roberts, for thirty-one years a resident
of Constantine, died November 22, 1892, at his home, aged 62 years.
MRS. JOSIAH WOLF. Mrs. Josiah Wolf, a resident of St. Joseph
county since early youth, died at her home in Florence, November 16,
1892, aged 72 years.
180 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
MRS. HELEN SEEKEL. Mrs. Helen Seekel died at the home of her
son in Three Rivers, November 29, 1892. She was formerly a well
known and highly respected resident of White Pigeon.
EGBERT P. CLARK. Robert P. Clark died in White Pigeon, Novem-
ber 27, 1892, aged 87 years. He had resided in Lima, Indiana, for
forty years previous to his removal to White Pigeon.
ARNOLD W. PHILLIPS. Arnold W. Phillips died November 20, 1892,.
in Sturgis, where he had resided since 1860, aged 76 years, 8 months.
CHARLES COOPER. Charles Cooper died at his home in White Pigeon,
December 3, 1892. He was bom in Waterloo, N. Y., June 19, 1825;
came to Michigan in 1840, and in 1847 was married to Mary Ann
Heitzman, who died April 3, 1892. He leaves two daughters, Mrs. W.
B. Howard of Kalamazoo, and Mrs. John Fagarty of White Pigeon.
MRS. CHARLES SIMMONS. Mrs. Charles Simmons died in Constantine,.
December 6, 1892, aged 83 years.-
DAVID HOFFMAN. David Hoffman died at his home on the Dr. Rob-
inson farm, a mile and a half southwest of Constantine, on December
10, 1892, aged 60 years.
JACOB K. BERGER. Jacob K. Berger died at his home in Constantine.
December 8, 1892, after an illness of three days, aged 72 years, 3 months
and 16 days. Was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, August 22,.
1820, and came to Constantine sixteen years ago.
MRS. JOHN HARRISON. Mrs. Ellen Burnham Harrison, wife of John
Harrison, died at the family residence in Florence, November 29, 1892.
Robert Burnham, her father, was the second person buried in the
White Pigeon cemetery. He died sixty-one years ago and within three
weeks after his arrival in this country from England. The number of
persons buried between the time of the two interments is probably
greater than the number of persons now living in the vicinity.
DAVID FRENCH. David French died in Sturgis, December 27, 1892,.
aged 71 years. He had lived in Sturgis nearly all his life.
WARREN D. PETTIT. Warren D. Pettit died at his home in Lock-
port township, near Three Rivers, December 23, 1892, aged 80 years,
He came to Three Rivers in 1842 and started a wagon factory, the
first in the village, which business he continued until 1859 when he>
retired to the farm where he died.
MEMORIAL REPORT-ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 181
EMANUEL KEAM. Emanuel Ream died in Parkville, January 4, 1893,
MRS. CILINDA COOK. Mrs. Cilinda Cook died in Park township, Feb-
ruary 1, 1893, aged 77 years.
MRS. MARY MATHERS. Mrs. Mary Mathers died in Sherman, January
23, 1893, aged 83 years.
MRS. JERRY STAGE. The wife of Jerry Stage died at her home on
the Wheeler farm in Flowerfield, January 5, 1893, aged 53 years. Mrs.
Mina Stage was the daughter of the late David Hassinger,
A. M. TOWNSEND. A. M. Xownsend, of Mendon, died January 1,
1893. He had been a Mendon business man for twenty-five years.
MRS. MARY F. FERRY. Mrs. Mary F. Ferry died in Lockport town-
ship, January 10, 1893, aged 77 years.
GEORGE HAMILTON. George Hamilton, an old and respected citizen
of Florence, was instantly killed by the cars in Constantine, January
14, 1893. Deceased was about 60 years old and unmarried. Resided
with a brother and sister some five and a half miles east of Constan-
tine on the Centreville road.
Miss SARAH ANN WADDINGTON. Miss Sarah Ann Waddington died
at her home on the William Dickinson farm, northeast of White Pigeon
village, in Florence township, February 11, 1893. She was born August
12, 1835. Had always been a resident in the vicinity and was one of
the oldest persons born in this part of the State. Her mother, the late
Mrs. William Dickinson, died June 4, 1892, since which time Miss
Waddington's health had gradually failed until her death. She had
long been a consistent member of the Methodist church.
JACOB DUNHAM. Jacob Dunham died of lung disease in Three
Rivers, February 10, 1893. He was a brother of the late sheriff John
Dunham, a well known and highly respected business man.
MRS. CLINTON DOOLITTLE. Mrs. Sarah H. Doolittle died at her
home in Constantine, February 12, 1893, aged 72 years. She was the
widow of the late Clinton Doolittle and had been a resident of the
village more than fifty years.
JAMES BERGER. James Berger died at Irs home on the Millington
farm, one and one-half miles north of Constantine, February 15, 1893,
aged 68 years, 5 months and 10 days. Deceased was born in Berks
182 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
county, Pa., September 25, 1824. Came to Michigan in December,-
1870.
MRS. F. J. HOUGH. Mrs. F. J. Hough died in Adrian, February
13, 1893. Deceased will be remembered as a resident of Constantine
for many years as Mrs. C. P. Hubbard.
Miss KATE HAMILTON. Miss Kate Hamilton died in Colon, February
11, 1893, aged 78 years.
NORMAN HENRY HARVEY. Norman Henry Harvey, a native of Con-
stantine and all his life a resident of the township, died at his home
February 17, 1893, aged 55 years.
THOMAS SILLIMAN. Thomas Silliman died at Three Kivers, February
21, 1893, aged 69 years.
MYRON B. HOCK. Myron B. Hock died at Three Rivers, February
26, 1893.
MRS. EUGENE GODFROY. Mrs. Eugene Godfroy died at Sturgis,,
February 21, 1893.
WM. SHARER. Wm. Sharer died in Colon, February 18, 1893, aged
81 years.
JOHN HENDERSHOTT. John Hendershott died at the home of his
daughter, Mrs. Jesse Murich, in Florence, March 1, 1893, aged 90-
years, 11 months, 14 days.
JOHN STEPHENSON. John Stephenson, a well known resident in the
vicinity of Constantine, died at Inland, Nebraska, March 2, 1893, aged
75 years. He was born in England in 1818, coming to Michigan in-
1851, remaining until 1886, when he removed to Nebraska.
WATSON GRAY. Watson Gray died at Three Rivers, March 5, 1893,,
aged 62 years.
JOHN RUTHERFORD. John Rutherford died in Nottawa township,
March 16, 1893, aged 78 years, 8 months. He had lived in St. Joseph
county for fifty-seven years.
MRS. PRISCILLA R. BARKER. Mrs. Priscilla R. Barker died at White
Pigeon, March 22, 1893, aged 54 years.
MRS. ELIZABETH BOUGHTON. Mrs. Elizabeth Bough ton died at
Quincy, April 2, 1893, aged 89 years. She was in Constantine Thanks-
MEMORIAL, REPORT ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 183
giving day visiting her granddaughter, Mrs. W. H. Parsons, where
representatives of four generations sat at the supper table.
MR. BENJAMIN MERRILL. Mr. Benjamin Merrill died at his home in
Chicago, No. 479 Fullerton avenue, April 12, 1893, aged about 82 years.
Was formerly for many years a resident of Constantine. "Went to
Chicago over thirty-five years ago, became very wealthy, and until his
last few hours sickness was engaged in active business.
WM. BOYEB. Wm. Boyer, for twenty-five years a resident of White
Pigeon, died at his home April 13, 1893, aged 51 years.
MRS. HENRIETTA FONDA. Mrs. Henrietta Fonda died in Nottawa,
April 9, 1893, aged 73 years.
MRS. EODNEY ANDRESS. Mrs. Kodney Andress died in Flowerfield,
% April 5, 1893, aged 62 years.
THOMAS WELBOKN. Thomas Welborn died at his home in Constan-
tine, April 11, 1893, in his 83d year. He was ]porn in Yorkshire, Eng-
land, October 18, 1810, and came to Michigan in 1834, two years before
his father and brothers came, and settled on White Pigeon prairie.
For many years he owned a farm on the western edge of the prairie
in this township. After selling which he removed to the village of
Constantine. For more than forty years we have known him as a
most exemplary citizen; a kind hearted Christian gentleman, thoughtful
of the poor and kind to all in misfortune; as squarely and thoroughly
honest a man as ever lived. He was twice married, to Sarah May in
1843, who died in 1868, and to Mary George in 1869, who survives
him.
JOSEPH EDWARDS. Joseph Edwards died at his home in Three
Rivers, April 18, 1893, aged about 62 years. He was a brother of
James Edwards, of Constantine, and for many years a resident of that
village.
DWIGHT STEBBINS. Dwight Stebbins died in Lockport township,
April 17, 1893, aged 78 years.
MRS. GEORGE W. LEE. Mrs. Lorinda S. Lee, wife of George W. Lee,
died in Burr Oak, April 14, 1893, aged 71 years.
HARVEY MUNSELL. Harvey Munsell died in Burr Oak, April 18,
1893, aged 74 years, 7 months.
184 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893,
DB. ION VERNON. Dr. Ion Yernon died in Three Rivers, April 18,
1893, aged 65 years, 8 months, 25 days.
MRS. PAUL JAMES EATON. Mrs. Abigail 8. Eaton, wife of Paul
James Eaton, died in Oentreville, April 17, 1893, aged 57 years.
JAMES FONDA. James Fonda died in Nottawa, April 7, 1893, aged
76 years.
MRS. ZERN BENJAMIN. Mrs. Asenath Benjamin, widow of the late
Zern Benjamin, died at the home of her son, W. W. Benjamin, of the
town of Florence, April 24, 1893, aged 90 years.
MRS. WALTER BRADSHAW. Mrs. Harriet L. Bradshaw, widow of the
late Walter Bradshaw, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. David
E. Wilson, in Constantine, April 29, 1893, aged 81 years, 8 months, 13
days. She was born in Gleuville, Schenectady county, N. Y., August,
16, 1811; married to Walter Bradshaw, March 9, 1832.
MRS. WILLIAM MELVJN. Elizabeth Crouch Melvin died in Constan-
tine, May 1, 1893, aged 83 years. She was born in Maryland, January
1, 1810, and moved to Constantine in 1836, was married to William
Melvin, June 1, 1829. William Melvin died in 1849. The fifty-seven
years of her residence here have witnessed all the changes and improve-
ments which make this an old country.
MRS. PERRIN M. SMITH. Mrs. Harriet T. Smith, widow of the late
Perrin M. Smith, of Centreville, died in the Kalamazoo Asylum for the
Insane, April 30, 1893, of pneumonia, aged 72 years. She had been an
inmate of the institution thirteen years.
CLINTON H. FELT. Clinton H. Felt died at Meridian, Texas, April
26, 1893. He was a business man of Constantine until about two years
ago, when he went to Texas for his health.
L. K. EVANS. L. K. Evans, for nearly twelve years past the editor
of the Three Rivers Tribune, died at his home in that village, May 11,
1893. He was 61 years old the 21st of October, 1892. He was a
soldier in the union army during the war. He was an industrious
editor, an able and conscientious writer, who earnestly sought to do
good for the sake of the good.
MRS. FREDRICA J. IRA. Mrs. Fredrica J. Ira died in Sturgis, May
10, 1893, aged 65 years.
MEMORIAL REPORT ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. 185 ,
MRS. L. W. EARL. Adeline Frances Earl, wife of Kev. L. W. Earl,
died in Burr Oak, May 4, 1893, aged 54 years, 10 months.
JACOB RUMSEY. Jacob Rumsey died in Newberg, Cass county, May,
1893, aged 67 years, 1 month, 10 days. He was the last member of
the original family of Rumseys who were among the early settlers of
this section.
MRS. HENRY E. PURDY. Mrs. Henry E. Purdy, a former resident of
Constantine, died at Michigan City, May 10, 1893, in the 67th year of
her age.
MRS. LAURA A. GLEASON. Mrs. Laura A. Gleason died in Lockport
township. May 12, 1893, aged 75 years, 10 months and 20 days.
NATHAN SNYDER. Nathan Snyder died at Three Rivers, May 13,
1893, aged 84 years.
STEPHEN W. CADE. Stephen W. Cade died at Sturgis, May 22, 1893,
aged 67 years. In the death of Mr. Cade the community suffers an
irreparable loss, as he was a representative man in his neighborhood,
having held many offices of trust and honor, all of which he filled
with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. Mr.
Cade was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1826. When but four years
old his father, the late Thomas Cade, removed to America and settled
on Sturgis prairie. Stephen succeeded to the old homestead, where he
had since lived for over sixty years. He was a noble, generous hearted
man, his ear ever open to the wants of the poor and needy. The
worthy were never turned away empty handed as many of the early
settlers can testify. At the time of his death Mr. Cade was president
of the St. Joseph county pioneer society.
JOHN WALTER. John Walter died in Colon, July 19, 1892. He was
born in Northampton county, Pa., May 9, 1835. He removed to
Michigan, April 14, 1871, and settled in St. Joseph county.
MRS. B. COOLEY. Mrs. B. Cooley died in Sturgis, May 20, 1893,
aged 67 years and 9 months.
DR. S. P. CHOATE. Dr. S. P. Choate died in Three Rivers, May 20,
]893, aged 86 years and 9 months. A resident of Three Rivers for
fifty-four years.
MRS. ALVAH GLEASON. Mrs. Alvah Gleason died in Fabias, May 22,
1893, aged 79 -years, 1 month, 21 days.
24
186 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
MRS. DWIGHT STEBBINS. Mrs. Elizabeth A. Stebbins, widow of the
late Dwight Stebbins, died in Lockport near Centreville, May 23, 1892,
aged 72 years. She had been a resident of St. Joseph county sixty-two
vears.
TUSCOLA COUNTY.
BY WILLIAM A. HEAETT.
MBS. ANNA DENNIS. Mrs. Anna Dennis, mother of Mrs. Nathaniel
Dann, died at Caro, July 20, 1892, aged 85 years.
MRS. JAMES I. CALKINS. Mary L., wife of James I. Calkins, died at
Caro, March 16, 1893, aged 72 years. She was born at Woodstock,
Conn., May 6, 1820, and had resided in Michigan since 1836.
MR. AND MRS. LEWIS ELDRIDGE. Mrs. Lewis Eldridge died at her
home in the town of Indian Fields, January 5, 1893. Also on February
7, 1893, Lewis Eldridge, her husband, died, aged 69 years. They had
been residents thereof or sixteen years, removing thither from the
southwestern part of Michigan.
THEO. L. EVANS. Theo. L. Evans died at Vassar, December 5, 1892,
aged 66 years. He was born in Boston, Mass., 1827.
ANTOINE DUPAUL. Antoine Dupaul died in the town of Aimer,
November 6, 1892, aged 72 years. A resident since 1865.
MARK JOSHUA. Mark Joshua died at Indian Fields, November 29,
1892. Probably he was the oldest Indian in Michigan at the time of
his death. He was a chief of the tribe of Chippewas in the Cass
River section, and was about 100 years of age.
MATTHEW D. NORTH. Matthew D. North died at Vassar, August 7,
1892, of heart^failure. He was born in Ulster county, N. Y., in March,
1826. He had been a resident of Vassar since 1853, and was a brother
of the late Townseud North.
THOMAS MCPHERSON. Thomas McPherson died at Arbela, August 7,
1892, aged 50 years. He had been a resident of the county for thirty-
five years.
MEMORIAL REPORT WAYNE COUNTY. 187
WM. SLAFTER. Wm. Slafter died at Tuscola, August 8, 1892, aged
85 years. He had been a resident of Tuscola township since 1849.
SYLVESTER SMITH. Sylvester Smith died at Tuscola, December 5,
1892, aged 85 years. He was an old resident of the county.
JOHN STROHAWER. John Strohawer died at his home in Aimer
township, March 1, 1893. He was born at Darnstadt, Germany, April
15, 1837, and had been a resident of the county since 1852. He
enlisted in Company C, Eighth Michigan Infantry, August, 1862.
WAYNE COUNTY.
J. WILKIE MOORE.
FELLOW PIONEERS Another year has passed and we, through a kind
providence, are spared to once again present the record of those of our
fellow pioneers who have gone to that " undiscovered country from
whose bourne no traveler returns," and many of whom were with us
at out last meeting.
The following deaths have occurred during the year ending May 24 r
1893, of those recognized as members of this society, either actively or
by affiliation, viz.:
HON. EDWARD V. CICOTTE. Hon. Edward V. Cicotte was born in
1810, died May 31, 1892. Mr. Cicotte was a native of Wayne county
as were also his father and grandfather. He held many positions of
public trust and honor.
MRS. CHARLOTTE BIEBER. Mrs. Charlotte Bieber, formerly Mrs.
John McGuire, died June 1, 1892. She was the mother of Mrs. Andrew
Cullen, Mrs. Wm. Woodbridge, Mrs. McCabe, Mrs. Phil Chapoton and
Miss Annie McGuire.
MRS. MANASSEH HICKEY. Mrs. Sarah Ann Hickey, wife of Eev.
Manasseh Hickey, died after a long illness at Mt. Clemens, June 7,
1892.
WALTER NEWCOMB. Walter Newcomb died at Ecorse, June 15, 1892,
aged 84 years.
. HENDERSON. Wm. Henderson died June 2, 1892, aged 81 years.
188 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
DAVID EASTMAN. David Eastman died June 21, 1892, aged 81 years.
CHARLES LABADIE. Charles Labadie died June 22, 1892, aged 71
years.
W. K. MUIR. W. K. Muir died June 23, 1892. Mr. Muir was born
at Kilmarnock, March 20, 1829. In 1852 was superintendent of the
Great Western railway, then in the course of construction, subsequently
he became superintendent of the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee
R. It., assistant general superintendent of the Michigan Central. In
1867, general manager of the Great Western R. R., afterwards super-
intendent of the Canada Southern R. R., on his voluntary retirement
from the latter road, he became president of the Eureka Iron and
Rolling Mills, also of the Star Line of steamers.
Mr. Muir served the city of Detroit for a number of years as presi-
dent of the board of poor commissioners, and was actively engaged in
various public and private enterprises and benevolent institutions. He
was a man j loved and respected by all who knew him.
JOSHUA W. WATERMAN. Joshua W. Waterman died June 24, 1892,
aged 68 years.
For many years Mr. Waterman was engaged in the practice of law in
the city of Detroit. He was somewhat of a retiring disposition and
mingled but little in general society, but was a liberal giver to all
enterprises of a moral and benevolent character, and for these generous
acts will be long remembered.
*
MRS. G. MOTT WILLIAMS. Mrs. Emily Strong Williams died July
19, 1892, aged 72 years. She was the widow of the late G. Mott
Williams.
TIMOTHY MAHONEY. Timothy Mahoney died July 12, 1892, aged 69
years. He was the husband of Mary Mahoney and the father of Mrs.
J. J. Kearney and Mrs. P. J. Kearney.
WM. LYNDON. Wm. Lyndon died July 12, 1892, aged 70 years.
PATRICK Hennessey. Patrick Hennessey died July 12, 1892, aged
79 years.
AMELIA ABRAHAM. Amelia Abraham died July 14, 1892, aged 71
years.
MRS. MARY PULCHER. Mrs. Mary Pulcher died July 14, 1892, aged
86 years.
MEMORIAL REPORT WAYNE COUNTY. 189
HENRY GLOVER. Henry Glover died July 7, 1892, aged 80 years.
Mr. Glover was one of Detroit's oldest citizens. Born in Madison
county, N. Y., and came to Detroit in 1836.
MRS. BEEVES. Mrs. Reeves died at Flat Bock, Wayne county, July
1, 1892, aged 96 years.
MRS. JAMES STIRLING. Mrs. Mary Stirling died July 21, 1892, aged
70 years. She was the widow of the late James Stirling.
JOSEPH MILLER. Joseph Miller died July 20, 1892, aged 73 years.
EARLSEY FERGUSON. Earlsey Ferguson died July 28, 1892, aged 74
years. Mr. Ferguson was born in Bedfield, Oneida county, N. Y., and
came with his parents to Michigan in 1826, and after spending- a year
at Monroe, came to Detroit where he lived until his decease. In 1844
Mr. Ferguson entered the employ of the Michigan Central railroad,
reaching the position of station agent and train dispatcher, resigning
the position in 1875, when he devoted his attention to the truck business.
Mr. Ferguson was commissioned first lieutenant in the Michigan
militia by Governor Mason, and was in active service with his com-
pany during the winter and spring of 1837, guarding the Canadian
frontier.
Louis HOCHSTADT. Louis Hochstadt died August 30, 1892, aged 82
years.
JAMES GARRIGY. James Garrigy died September 1, 1892, aged 85
years.
MRS. H. B. JOHNSON. Mrs. Priscilla Johnson died August 15, 1892.
Mrs. Johnson, formerly Mrs. French, was the wife of H. B. Johnson
and the mother of Mrs. G. B. Holloway.
JOSEPH COTTIN. Joseph Cottin died August 15, 1892, aged 91 years.
MRS. PROCTOR WEAVER. Mrs. Proctor Weaver died August 15, 1892,
aged 79 years.
Louis LA FONTAINE. Louis La Fontaine died August 26, 1892, aged
77 years. His name is familiar in the history of Canada and Michigan
since the year 1701. His ancestors being among the first settlers on
this continent.
JOHN MASON. John Mason died August 1, 1892, aged 77 years.
190 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
MRS. WM. B. BEOK. Mrs. Mary N. Beck died August 1, 1892, aged
75 years. She was the wife of the late Wm. B. Beck and mother of
Mrs. Hugh McDonald.
MBS. CLOTHILDE ROBINSON. Mrs. Clothilde Eobinson, the oldest
woman in Detroit, died August 9, 1892, aged 106 years. She was born
in southern Ohio of Quaker ancestry and came to Detroit at the age
of seventy. Mrs. Earsley Ferguson was her warm friend and long
contributed to her necessities. She was also often befriended by the
late Judge Moran.
HENRI HOUK. Henry Houk died at Northville, in this county,
August 29, 1892, at the age of 95 years. Mr. Houk was a native of
Steuben county, N. Y M and came to Michigan in 1833. He cast his
first presidential vote for Andrew Jackson. He lived and died a
devoted Christian.
JAMES STEWART. James Stewart died September 7, 1892, aged 80
years. His death occurred at the residence of his son-in-law, Thomas
Brown, Savannah, Ohio. He was formerly a prominent vessel owner
of Detroit.
COLONEL JAMES I. DAVID. Colonel James I. David died at his
residence on Gross Isle, October 13, 1892. Col. David went out with
the 7th Michigan Cavalry and served during the recent civil war. He
was subsequently, in 1873, State senator. As a public and private
citizen he obtained the respect of all who made his acquaintance. He
was born in 1811 in the state of New York.
MRS. EDWARD L. PORTER. Mrs. Mary O. Porter died at the residence
of Mrs. John H. Hover, September 13, 1892, aged 84 years. Mrs.
Porter was the wife of the late Edward L. Porter.
CONSTANTINE MINK. Constantine Mink died September 1, 1892, aged
71 years, 4 months.
MRS. CATHERINE SCHWARZ. Mrs. Catherine Schwarz died SeptembeT
1, 1892, aged 70 years.
CASPAR KREUGEL. Caspar Kreugel died October 29, 1892, aged 81
years.
WM. M. CHAPIN. Wm. M. Chapin died at Eomulus, in this county,
September 4, 1892, aged 74 years. He was the father of W. W.
Chapin of Detroit.
MEMORIAL REPORT-WAYNE COUNTY. 191
GEORGE WATSON. George Watson died September 29, 1892, aged 75
years.
MBS. MAGDALENE C. LAWSON. Mrs. Magdalene C. Lawson died
September 24, 1892, aged 74 years.
ME. LUTHER BEECHER. Mr. Luther Beecher died September 16,
1892, aged 77 years and 7 months. Mr. Beecher was widely known
both in this and other states as a man of great business energy, and
although somewhat eccentric in his methods, was recognized as a man
of superior business sagacity combined with an unostentatious benevo-
lence of character, which those who knew him best fully appreciated.
He was a man in advance of the age in the conception of great
enterprises.
CHARLES COLLINS. Charles Collins died October 13, 1892, at the age
of 74 years, 7 months. He leaves a widow, Mrs. Charlotte Collins, and
one brother to mourn his loss, besides many old citizens who will not
forget his genial courtesy and kind manner.
MRS. MARY ANN EICHARDS. Mrs. Mary Ann Richards departed this
life at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. Virginia Defere, October
13, 1892, aged 84 years.
MRS. MARY HOMIE. Mrs. Mary Homie departed October 15, 1892,
at the age of 83 years.
EDGAR HOWARD. Edgar Howard, who for sixty years was a resident
of Dearborn, went to his long home October 30, 1892, at the age of
70 years.
WILLIAM WALKER. William Walker, who for many years walked
the streets of Detroit an upright, honest man, and whose acquaintance
extended over the entire State, passed over the dark river October 24,
1892, aged 80 years.
MRS. JENNISON GLAZIER. Mrs. Electa Glazier, widow of the late
Jennison Glazier and mother of Mrs. John Lindley and Alice M.
Glazier, died October 1, 1892, aged 84 years.
MRS. MARY SMITH. Mrs. Mary Smith died October 10, 1892, at the
age of 102 years. She was the mother of Mrs. John Pollard and Mr.
Phillip Smith.
MRS. JOHN EADEMACHER. Theresa Rademacher died October 10, 1892,
aged 72 years. She was the widow of the late John Rudemaclier.
192 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
JOHN F. GUINA. John F. Guina, son of Mr. and Mrs. John F.
Guina of Detroit, died in the city of New York. His remains were
buried from St. Vincent's church, October 17, 1892.
MRS. CATHERINE McSouLEY. Mrs. Catherine McSouley, mother of
John and Patrick McSouley, died December 10, 1892, aged 86 years.
JOSEPH CONN. Joseph Conn died December 30, 1892, at the age of
86 years.
J. HUFF JONES. J. Huff Jones, a well known capitalist and genial
man of business, died at the Eussell House, December 16, 1892, at the
age of 72 years. He had occupied the room in which he died for over
twenty years.
MRS. ELIZABETH BRODEL. Mrs Elizabeth Brodel died December 23,
1892, at the age of 83 years.
MRS. MARY WRIGHT. Mrs. Mary Wright, late of New Haven, Mich.,
departed this life at 1000 Trumbull avenue, Detroit, December 14, 1892,
aged 84 years.
EX-GOVERNOR HENRY P. BALDWIN. Ex-Governor Henry P. Baldwin
passed to his rest December 31, 1892, in the 79th year of his age.
Henry P. Baldwin needs no lengthy eulogy. His life was devoted to
the interests of the public, and the numerous evidences of his handi-
work as a Christian, as a philanthropist, and a promoter of all that
makes men better fitted for this, as well as that future life, are all
about us, and are engraven in the hearts, as well as recorded in the
books of the State and city of his adoption.
MRS. JANE WALLACE. Mrs. Jane Wallace, mother of Mrs. Eichard
K. Turn bull, went to her rest December 9, 1892, aged 89 years.
MRS. NICHOLAS WAGNER. Mrs. Annie Wagner, wife of Nicholas, and
mother of John Nicholas, Jr. and Michael Wagner, died December 28,
at the age of 89 years and 9 months.
W. H. KNOWLES. W. H. Knowles, formerly of Detroit, died at
Eoyal Oak, Mich., December 28, 1892, aged 86 years.
DAVID M. FREEMAN. David M. Freeman died December 4, 1892, in
the 78th year of his life.
DARIUS COLE. Darius Cole, who for nearly half a century has been
a navigator of our great lakes, passed over the dark river of death
MEMORIAL REPORT WAYNE COUNTY. 193
January 10, L893. Captain Cole was born in Wales, Erie county, N. Y.,
in 1818 and was left an orphan at the age of six years. When sixteen
years of age he came to Michigan, and for a time worked on the farm of
Judge Wm. A. Burt in Macomb county. In 1839 he settled at Lexing-
ton and in 1850 engaged in the vessel business with James Walcot at
Bay City, and from there came to Detroit.
MKS. EUGENE WATSON. Mrs. Matilda St. Aubin Watson, relict of
Captain Eugene Watson, departed this life January 6, 1893, at the age
of 74 year.s. Mrs. Watson was descended from one of the oldest French
families in the state, after whom was named St. Aubin avenue.
JAMES HARRINGTON. James Harrington died at his residence, Janu-
ary 30, 1893, aged 96 years.
MRS. JOHN MILES. Mrs. Alice Miles, wife of the late John Miles,
died January 5, 1893, at the age of 87 years.
LEWIS M. KIVARD. Lewis M. Rivard died at Grosse Point, January
7, 1893, aged 84 years. He was a worthy representative of the original
French settlers of Detroit, retaining in a marked degree many of their
courteous and genial characteristics.
JAMES LAIRD. James Laird died January 10, 1893, aged 90 years.
FRANCIS CRAWFORD. Francis Crawford, one of the oldest dealers in
real estate, died at the residence of his son, Samuel, in Springwells,
January 20, 1893, at the age of 85 years.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. William Galloway, of Taylor, died January 30,
1893, aged 88 years.
JAMES WARRINGTON GRAHAM. James Warrington Graham departed
this life January 28, 1893, aged 94 years.
MRS. MARGARET COOPER VERNON. Mrs. Margaret Cooper Vernon
passed from earth January 31, 1893, from the residence of her nephew,
Wm. T. De Graff, in the 87th year of her age.
PETER HILL. Peter Hill, aged 78 years, passed away January 17,
1893.
MARTHA HOUGHTON. Martha Houghton died February 16, 1893,
aged 82 years.
ELISHA CROSS. Elisha Cross died February 20, 1893, in his 91st
25
194 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
year. All who traveled the Grand River road in early days will recol-
lect Cross' Tavern and its genial host. As age began to tell upon his
physical frame Mr. Cross removed to Detroit, preserving his mental
powers till the end came for his removal to his final home.
MRS. JOHN WALSH. Eliza Walsh, relict of the late John Walsh,
died February 7, 1893, aged 82 years.
CARL HEISE. Carl Heise died February 17, 1893, aged 84 years.
MBS. JOSIAH J. NORRIS. Mary Norris, wife of the late Josiah* J.
Norris, formerly of Detroit, departed February 11, 1893, at the age
of 89 years.
JOHN LEDBETER. John Ledbeter died January 11, 1893, in the 84th
year of his age. He was a well known paving contractor for many
years and did much to improve the "ways" of Detroit.
ALANSON SHELEY. Alanson Sheley went to his long home, November
7, 1892. He was born in Albany, N. Y., August 14, 1809, and came
to Detroit in 1831. t On arrival he first engaged as contractor of
building. In 1832 he. superintended the construction of the old light
house on Thunder bay; afterwards he went into lumbering on Black
river; and, lastly, formed a partnership with the late Jacob S. Farrand
in the wholesale drug trade. In all his undertakings he was successful.
He was always foremost in church matters, and gave much time,
money and thought in promoting all- moral reform enterprises.
He served the public well and faithfully as State senator and in
other responsible official positions which he held during the half
century of his life in Detroit. His integrity and great sagacity made
his advice sought after by all classes of society who now feel his loss.
MRS. JOHN BURT. Julia A. Calkins Burt, widow of the late John
Burt and mother of Mrs. Eobert Leete, Mr. H. A. Burt of Marquette,
and A. C. Burt of Detroit, departed this life November 7,- 1892, aged
78 years.
MRS. HARRIET A. ANDREWS. Mrs. Harriet A. Andrews died Novem-
ber 7, 1892, aged 71 years. Mrs. Andrews was a sister of M. S. Smith,
Frank G. Smith and T. A. Smith, and mother of Mrs. Wm. V. Moon.
JEREMIAH HANNIFAN. Jeremiah Hannifan died November 29, 1892,
aged 65 years. He was a soldier in the Mexican war, where he
received a severe wound which made him a pensioner of the
government.
MEMORIAL REPORT WAYNE COUNTY. 195
JOHN TROESTER, SR. John Troester, Sr., died at his residence,
October 30, 1892.
JOHN BARRETT MULLIKEN. John Barrett Mulliken died November
23, 1892, aged 61 years.
E. PETER DEMILL. E. Peter DeMill died at the residence of his
son-in-law, George Wm. Moon, October 31, 1892.
Mr. DeMill came to Detroit at a very early day and at once took a
prominent position in the churches and schools of the city as well as
in business circles. For a long time he was the secretary and manager
of the Detroit Gas Light company, and since his retirement from it
had been identified with several other manufacturing enterprises.
HORACE HALLOCK. Horace Hallock, who died November 12, 1892, in
his 86th year, was for many years engaged in the clothing trade, in
which he continued almost up to the time of his decease. Mr. Hallock
was identified with the churches and Sabbath schools of the city for
over fifty years and in all his business and religious life furnished the
evidence of a pure and conscientious Christian man and upright
citizen.
MRS. JOHN M. PALMER. Mrs. Jane M. Palmer died March 18, 1893,
at the age of 93 years. She was the widow of the late John M t
Palmer, who came to Detroit fifty years ago.
MICHAEL DUNN. Michael Dunn, who died March 10, 1893, was th e
father of Mrs. M. Lally. He had reached the age of 85 years.
J. PETER DEVROE. J. Peter Devroe died March 10, 1893, aged 93
years. He was an old and well known citizen.
DAVID PRINDLE. David Prindle died at the residence of his daugh-
ter, Mrs. De La Fontaine, March 20, 1893, aged 86 years and 3 months.
FREDERICK L. SEITZ. Frederick L. Seitz, who died March 29, 1893^
aged 58 years, grew up in Detroit; was for many years engaged in
banking; latterly he was secretary of the Mutual Gas Light company ^
He was always recognized as an energetic, generous man and a
worthy citizen.
GEORGE ZITTEL. George Zittel was the beloved husband of Margaret
Zittel and the father of Geo. Zittel, Jr., Henry D. Zittel, Mrs. Annie
Pinet, Mrs. Edward C. Curtis, and Wadsworth J. Zittel of Buffalo,
196 ANNUAL MEETING, 18y3.
N. Y. He went to rest, leaving them all to mourn, March 29, 1893,
aged 77 years.
MRS. SOLOMON DAVIS. Mrs. Solomon Davis died at San Diego, Cal.,
March 4, 1893. One year ago we chronicled the decease of her
husband, Solomon Davis.
JOHN TROWBRIDGE. John Trowbridge died April 8, 1893, aged 88
years.
MRS. PATRICK BARRY. Margaret Barry went to her last home from
her daughter's house, April 8, 1893. She was the relict of the late
Patrick Barry and the mother of Mrs. Jeremiah Calnon, and had
reached the age of 84 years.
JOHN NAUMANN. John Naumann had lived one hundred and three
years when in April, 1893, he was called to a higher life. He was the
father of nineteen children, among them Mrs. Jacob Barnowisky, at
whose house he died.
DR. J. N. HOLLYWOOD. Dr. J. N. Hollywood died April 9, 1893,
aged 79 years. He was regarded as a skillful physician.
MRS. PHILO PARSONS. Mrs. Ann Eliza Parsons, wife of the Hon.
Philo Parsons, died April 5, 1893, aged 72 years. She was an
estimable woman, a true Christian, and beloved by all who had the
pleasure of her acquaintance.
HENRY C. KIBBEE. Henry C. Kibbee, who that knew him can
forget him? He died April 6, 1893, at the age of 79 years.
JOHN NORMAN. John Norman had lived on this earth over one
hundred and three years when God called him away, April 6, 1893.
JOHN MOLDENHAUSE. John Moldenhause died May 4, 1893, aged 80
years.
MRS. JOHN LADUE. Mary Angel Ladue died at her residence on
Lafayette avenue, May 5, 1893, aged 83 years. She was the widow of
the late John Ladue and the mother of Geo. N., Austin G. and Charlotte
M. Ladue.
LADINA ARNOLD. Ladina Arnold died May 2, 1893, aged 80 years.
ALEXANDER CHAPOTON, SR. Alexander Chapoton, Sr., was called to
take up his abode in that eternal city whose foundation stones will
never crumble, May 2, 1893.
MEMORIAL REPORT WAYNE COUNTY. 197
Alexander Chapoton was born in Detroit on February 2, 1818, and
was therefore 75 years and 3 months old when he died. He was a
descendant of an old French family of Duges, Languedoc, in the south
of France, a member of which, Dr. Chapoton, was the first surgeon of
Fort Pontchartrain, at the occupation of Detroit by Cadillac in 1701.
The Chapotons had been builders for generations back and the
deceased learned the trade of stone and brick mason from his father,
Eustache Chapoton. He started in business for himself long before he
was of age, and acquired a fortune which is estimated at $250,000.
He always voted the republican ticket since the Grant campaign of
1868. In 1863 he served a term in the State legislature, and during
Governor Baldwin's administration he was chosen one of the three
building commissioners to supervise the erection of the State capitol
at Lansing, completing it at less cost than the appropriation fund, an
achievement scarcely equaled in the history of American public build-
ing. In 1881 he was a member of the commission that selected the
site for and constructed the Northern Asylum for the Insane at
Traverse City. For nine years he discharged faithfully the duties of a
member of the board of public works.
Mr. Chapoton was a citizen of public spirit and integrity, and he
shared a large portion of his wealth with the deserving poor. School
inspector Lingemann, who was for years Mr. Chapoton's clerk in the
board of public works, said:
"Very few people knew Mr. Chapoton's goodness of heart. Every
Christmas he used to give me a number of envelopes, which contained
five, ten, and twenty dollar bills, to deliver to poor people whom he
designated. But not alone at that season of the year was he charitable.
Every now and then he gave me money envelopes to give to some
poor people."
Mr. Chapoton was father of ten children, six of whom grew up and
four of whom are still living. They are Alexander Chapoton, president
of the Peninsular Savings bank, who is fifty-three years of age; Mrs.
Emily S. Brush, Mrs. K. A. Baby and Dr. E. A. Chapoton. His
daughter Elizabeth, wife of A. E. Viger, died -about eight years ago,
and another daughter, Miss Felice, died last year. There are twenty
grandchildren.
STEPHEN W. LEGGETT. Stephen W. Leggett died May 9, 1893, aged
85 years.
PAPERS READ AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF 1893,
AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
Members of the Pioneer and Historical Society:
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN The periodical meetings of our association
are occasions of mingled joy and sorrow joy at the greeting of long
known and well tried friends, sorrow that so many of our companions
have passed to the spirit land and can be with us here no more. They
who were the earliest pioneers of our republic, who subdued the forest
and laid the foundation stones of its noble institutions and of the
prosperity of its free people, now no longer with us, have built for
themselves a monument which can never crumble to dust. Generation
after generation shall walk in their footsteps enjoying the blessings
which their labor and their foresight have secured and never ceasing
in grateful encomiums of their fathers.
Our association deals with the historical. As a single state forms
but a small portion of the great globe, so its history constitutes only
a brief chapter in the history of nations; yet that brief chapter is a
part of the great whole and the entire record must be read as one.
The migrations of a people in bodies large or small, the settlement
of new countries and the establishment of new nationalities are not a
thing of modern times alone. Despotism has always been restless and
uneasy and has never ceased to thrust itself upon its neighbors' terri-
tory. It came to conquer and not to bless or to aid. It led its
phalanx of warriors and sought no place for the agriculturist, the
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 199
mechanic, or the civilian. Its victory brought to the conquered only
the sad boon of death or slavery, or utter degradation. The past is
full of such aggressions upon the territory and the rights of others.
How often has the conqueror passed over the wide expanse of Asia!
Mede and Persian, Greek and Roman. Mongol and Mohammedan,
have in succession planted their foot in this fertile land, but always
in hostile array, carrying destruction and terror and leaving no monu-
ments of a higher civilization. Eome, the mistress of the world,
extended her power over almost all of Europe, and France and Spain
and Germany long submitted to her authority. For almost five centu-
ries England was dominated by her power, and her legions enforced
her mandates. But in all these we seek in vain for any evidence of
the good fruit which all immigration should bear the building up of
communities with rights better secured, freedom of thought and action
more safely guaranteed and the field for the higher faculties and
aspirations of man enlarged.
But it is not migrations such as these that this association would
commemorate. The true pioneer is the bearer of the banner of civiliza-
tion in the highest sense of that noble word. He comes n6t as a soldier
but as a man and a citizen. He bears no scepter as an emblem of
his power to command, for in the company of pioneers all are equal.
He is followed by no military retinue, for his mission is peace and he
has no enemy to fight. He seeks a permanent location for himself,
and the generations which shall succeed him, where prosperity and
happiness shall have their home. Whatever of knowledge, whatever of
science, whatever of learning, whatever of economic habits and enter-
prise, whatever of moral and religious principles, were his in the old
homes, these are the treasures which he carries with him to the new.
But the life of the pioneer is not one of liesurely ease or voluptuous
enjoyment. Here as everywhere success is the outgrowth of thought-
fulness, of judicious action and of toil. Without these success will
not come. This necessity, however, he counts not so much an evil as
an incentive to press him on in the noble work dearest to his heart,
and his bosom throbs with joy as he overcomes obstruction after
obstruction.
Civilization in its highest state of perfection with any people, is the
growth of centuries. It is a fact not a little surprising that no con-
siderable division of the habitable earth rests in solitude and without
inhabitants. Within a little more than four centuries past, the area of
the inhabitable world has been wonderfully enlarged by discovery.
The great American continent, Australia, Australasia, the West India
200 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
islands and the islands of the Pacific, comprising a very considerable
portion of the habitable globe, have been discovered within that time.
No continent or island was found to be uninhabited, but always by a
people sunk in degradation and in the lowest stages of ignorance and
savagery. Can these people, unaided by their more enlightened fellow-
men, work out for themselves the great problem of civilization? Can
they, by their own efforts ever attain the dignity and elevation of
character which properly belong to man? Will the uncivilized negro
of Africa ever place himself beside the cultivated and christianized
fellow man of England, or France, or Germany? If no European had
ever placed his foot within our own national limits, would the forest
have given place to cultivated fields, the institutions of humanity and
of learning, and the innumerable evidences of a highly cultivated pop-
ulation which now surround us? We do not know what Providence
may have in store for them in the illimitable future, but we do know
that changes from savage life to the refinements, the comforts and the
rational enjoyments of civilization are necessarily slow and seldom
complete. Indeed modern history gives us no instance of a savage and
uncivilized people becoming one of refined civilization by their own
efforts and without intercourse with others more advanced and the aid
which such intercourse brings with it.
Civilization is itself progressive. Growth within itself and expansion
without mark its progress. It is the work of the pioneers of civiliza-
tion to revolutionize the world. They are not merely the promoters
of their own individual interests, but it is upon them that the improve-
ment of the world largely depends. They are the builders of nations.
The history of all civilized and highly cultured and prosperous people
traces their rise from small beginnings and does not fail to bestow due
praise upon the pioneers who have led them on to greatness. It is
for this reason and in recognition of the noble work they have
performed, that the pioneers of civilized society have come to stand
out as a prominent class in public esteem and to be held worthy of
honorable regard by future generations.
The history of the world presents no such noble example of the
progress of civilization, the building up of a new nationality in a
wilderness country and beautifying it with cultivated fields and popu-
lous cities and all that can make it delightful as the home of millions
of prosperous citizens, as our own republic.
We look for the pioneers of this American territory to the early
colonists of Virginia in 1607 and the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth
in 1620. Struggling as colonists they stretched their sparse settlements
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 201
along a narrow strip of land on the Atlantic shore, and in 1783 they
burst the bonds that bound them and became a free though a feeble
nation. Yet here was the nucleus of the present great American
nation. Here were the pioneers who stand at the fountain head of its
greatness. But we can but admit that " They builded better than they
knew." In their wildest dreams they never could have fancied that
the time would ever come when the little strip of land which they
occupied and the great unexplored and unknown wilderness which
stretched away to the west, and the south, and the north of them
would ever form the great nation which it has now become. Would
they could now be with us to know and to realize how great is the
result from so small a beginning, in which they bore so prominent a
part.
They would find a nation foremost among the nations of the earth,
with a population greater than that of any nation in Europe, and an
extent of territory exceeded by that of Russia alone. They would find
a nation which excels all others in the world in its agricultural
productions, in its manufactures, in its mining operations and mineral
product. They would find a nation which produces one-half of the
gold and one- third of the silver used in the world, a nation with fewer
paupers than any nation in Europe except Switzerland, a nation where
ninety millions of dollars are paid annually for books and newspapers,
and where the proportion of illiterate persons who can neither read
nor write is smaller than in any other country in the world. They
would find the most wealthy nation on the globe, with more miles of
railroad than all Europe, and with the exception of England more
ocean navigation. They would find the land which above all others is
adorned with churches and institutions of learning and asylums for the
relief of all the ills to which humanity is subject.
More than two hundred years have elapsed since these early pioneers,
the founders of the nation, finished their labors and passed to their
rest, but the legacy which they left to the world and to humanity will
be imperishable.
No true American fails to look upon England as the home of his
forefathers. The English speaking people have encompassed the earth,
and in their course have established the language and many of the
institutions of their island home. Mr. Dilke, in the interesting narra-
tive of his travels through English speaking countries around the
globe, gives his book the appropriate title of " Greater Britain."
Britain is no longer confined to the little island washed by the waves
26
202 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
of the eastern Atlantic. It has outgrown its ancient limits. The city
without the walls has become greater than that within. Somehow the
English people seem peculiarly fitted for planting the blessings of
civilization in foreign lands. Their peculiar fitness for this work is
strikingly illustrated in our own history.
As early as 1562 the Spaniards took possession of the southern portion
of our national domain and built St. Augustine, the oldest city in the
United States. For more than two hundred years they held possession
of the region, but their struggle for permanent occupancy and
dominion came to naught. France planted her colonies on the St.
Lawrence before the English settled at Plymouth, or in Virginia, and
burning with ambition to build up a nation such as the world had
never seen, she spread out her scattered settlements and claimed
exclusive dominion over the vast valleys of the St. Lawrence, the
great lakes, the Ohio and the Mississippi, but her high ambition was
destined to be disappointed and the rich prize fell into other hands.
The Swedes, under the sanction of the great Gustavus Adolphus,
established a colony in New Jersey and Delaware, but its growth was
slow and its continuance brief. The Dutch colonized Manhattan Island
and the beautiful region bordering on the Hudson river as early as
1614, and soon extended their occupancy into New Jersey and Dela-
ware. By Mr. Bancroft, the historian, Holland is declared to be "the
mother of four of our states," and her industrious, enterprising and
prosperous' colonists might reasonably have anticipated a growth which
would give them, at no very distant day, a national organization and
place them at the very front among the powers of the New World.
But all of these efforts proved unavailing, and Spain, and France, and
Sweden, and Holland, all in turn withdrew from the scene, and
England with her thirteen colonies held full and exclusive sway over
the land.
We look back to these English colonies as the beginning of our
nation, and to the colonists as the pioneers of American civilization,
growth and prosperity. But if we stop at this point we leave half the
tale untold.
In 1783 the colonies became an independent nation and the nation
in its turn became the father of pioneers and the builder of new states.
The enlargement of territorial limits by accession has been marvelous.
I well recollect reading many years ago an extract from a French
writer in which said that the English language would never attain its
highest state of perfection, nor English institutions their most perfect
condition until the colonists had carried them across the continent and
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 203
established them on the shores of the Pacific. When this was written
no proposition could have been announced more improbable than that
the feeble little colony on the Atlantic would expand until it reached
the Pacific and peopled the broad expanse of the continent. Yet all
this has happened. From the day when the colonies assumed the
dignity of nationality, the star of empire has been steadily on its western
course, and thirty-one new states have been added to the Union. Each
of these states has had its pioneers who entered its borders while it
was yet a wilderness and have adorned it with the evidences of their
toil, their intelligence and their patriotism.
And what are these new states? With the exception of the slight
restriction contained in the national constitution which connects them
with the Union and secures to them blessings beyond all estimation,
they are independent nations. They make their own laws. They elect
their own rulers. They vote the taxes which they are themselves to
pay. Every man is free to enjoy his own opinion, to worship where
he pleases and read the books and papers which he chooses. The
English language is theirs and they delight in the history and glory
of old England still the American state is not England. All of good
that the venerable customs of the mother country can give, all that the
common law of the realm in its growth of ages has secured, all the
wisdom that her judges and her statesmen have uttered are ours; but
many things in our system of government, our laws and our condition,
are purely American. We have no recognized distinction of classes, no
primogeniture, no entailment of estates, no privileges of rank, no title
of nobility. Our written constitution was intended to lay a broader
foundation for a popular government than could elsewhere be found,
to give to the people more freedom of action, to secure the enjoyment of
greater privileges and multiply the inducements to all to press on to a
higher type of manhood and civilization. It is the charter of the
masses and not of a favored few. It is a guaranty of rights to the
democracy and not a grant of license to an aristocracy. It seeks to
lighten the burden of taxation and to enforce economy in the admin-
istration of the government. While Great Britain pays her Queen
$3,100,000 and the Prince of Wales and other members of the royal
family $1,200,000 annually, this nation pays its president only $50,000,
and has no list of idle supernumeraries to support. It was of this
constitution that Mr. Gladstone said: "As far as I can see the
American constitution is the most wonderful work ever struck off at
one time by the brain and purpose of man." It established a new
and untried form of government and the praise which it has received
204 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
from hundreds of the most thoughtful men of other countries attest its
merits and superiority as compared with others. It is an instrument
of few words, but in those few words is treasured the germ of the
freest of governments and the most prosperous of nations.
" Through America England is speaking to the world." These are
the words of one who is both 'a true Briton and an admirer of the
American Union, and they are true words. Yet the voice of America
is not the mere parrot-like repetition of the words of England. She
has added largely to the message of the mother country. All that is
peculiar in her institutions and her form of government, all that her
history tells of the blessings enjoyed by a self-governing people, she
proclaims in language not to be misunderstood, and her message meets
with the hearty response of all liberty-loving people. The colonies of
England are scattered far and wide over the globe and the time is
sure to come when they will become independent nations. When this
time comes who can doubt that each in turn will yield to the voice
and follow the example of our country and become a republic like the
American Union rather than a monarchy like England?
It is the pride of Michigan that she is one of the states that sprung
from the "old thirteen" on the Atlantic. There are those living who
well remember the venerable men who were the first of our lineage to
enter its borders and whose death occurred before the present State
organization. Peace be to their ashes and honor ever to their memory!
I see before me some of the pioneers who have witnessed the growth
of our State from its beginning and whose energy, judgment and
untiring toil have largely contributed to make it what it is. If you,
my friends, could recall and record your hopes and your fears, your
discouragements and your joys, your aspirations and the many brilliant
fancies of the future which you indulged during the period of its
growth, it would be the most interesting history of the childhood and
advancement of the republic which could be written.
But certain it is that the most enthusiastic of the band of early
pioneers could never have dreamed of a success which should make
the Peninsular State what it has already become. The richness of its
soil, the beauty of its scenery, the charm of its many rivers, the
grandeur of the ocean-like lakes that encompass it, were enough to
attract the beholder and mark it for his future home. But nature did
not then reveal even to his searching scrutiny half its treasures. He
did not know that in ages long past old ocean had here deposited,
now far beneath the earth's surface, its treasures of salt and fountains
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 205
of brine which were awaiting the discovery of man and since have
proved a mine of wealth. He did not then know that there was hid
in the far away forest that store of pine timber which has since
yielded millions of wealth to the laborer and the enterprising operator.
He did not know of those vast deposits of iron ore, the working of
which has since given employment to thousands of workmen and
furnished capital for the building of towns and cities and maintaining
fleets of carrying vessels on the lakes. I have not at hand the means
of ascertaining the aggregate sum of the product from this source
since the opening of the mines forty years ago, but a single furnace
which closed down only a few days ago is reported to have turned out
pig iron to the amount of thirty millions of dollars, and official
documents show that Michigan produces more iron than any other
state in the Union, and nearly half of the entire quantity furnished
by all.
The copper mines, now so famous, were for all practical purposes
unknown until their discovery by Dr. Hough ton, the geologist of the
State in 1840. In the abundance of the yield and the richness of the
ore these mines have no equal in the world. For more than forty
years they have given to the market a product almost beyond estimate
in value. A single mine, the Calumet and Hecla, is said to have paid
its owners in dividends for two years the princely sum of four millions
of dollars and to have yielded forty millions of dollars worth of copper
since the organization of the company in 1867.
But it is not merely secrets such as these that nature has revealed
in modern times to aid in human progress. Science has disclosed
many a fact in the natural world of great practical value. Steam,
which no man can see, is so applied as to do work beyond all human
power. It labors at the mine, it works at the mill, it operates the
machinery of the manufacturer, it gives continuous motion to the press
of the printer and folds the printed sheets, it warms our houses, it
propels the steamers of the world and draws the cars upon the world's
three hundred thousand miles of railroad. Electricity, that mystery of
mysteries, has just put itself at the service of man for practical use.
It propels the car and lights our streets and dwellings. It carries
written messages around the world; and if we would hear the voice of
a distant friend we have but to turn our ear to the telephone and we
listen to his words.
All these are but instruments in promoting the .welfare of man, and
they aid in pressing him forward to the highest stage of civilization,
intelligence and happiness which man can attain on earth.
206 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
In all these blessings Michigan has had her full share. In all the
labors necessary for true progress Michigan has borne her full part,
and we may well congratulate ourselves on the result.
MEMOIR OF DR. T. C. ABBOT.
BY PEESIDENT O. CLUTE.
A pure, strong, brave spirit has gone from among us. These halls,
where for so many years his work was done, will know him no more.
Not again will he pass under these beautiful oaks; his daily tasks will
lead him not again over these green lawns. This great school which
he did so much to establish, will remain arid grow, but for it his
personal work has ceased. In the lives of the many students whom he
quickened and strengthened, his influence will grow from year to year,
but his voice will no more be heard to counsel and to inspire. I
would recall some of the events of a life so strong and so reverent,
some of the qualities that gave him influence so deep and lasting,
some of the deep gratitude that today lives in the hearts of men,
scattered in many lands, who have been helped by that influence.
From the eastern and the middle states has come the great stream
of manhood that has brought strength, industry, education, religion,
the institutions of law and liberty throughout the mighty west. In
the most eastern of the Eastern states, Theophilus Capen Abbot was
born, the home of his infancy being in Vassalboro, Maine. While he
was yet an infant his father removed to Augusta, Maine, where in the
public schools he received his early training, and from whence, at the
early age of fifteen he entered the classical course in Colby University
at Waterville, then known as Waterville College. He graduated in
1845, a leader among the thoughtful men of his class. He taught for
a short time in an academy, then for several years in a seminary in
MEMOIR OF DR. T. C. ABBOT. 207
northern Maine, spending his vacations usually at Waterville in grad-
uate study.
His temperament led him to reflect on the great questions of religion
and to think of entering the ministry. He took a course in theology
at the Bangor Theological Seminary in preparation for this work, on
completing which he again took up teaching, this time entering the
faculty of his college as teacher of Greek, where he continued for a
year and a half.
He had now been for many years closely engaged in school work,
either as student or teacher, and desired rest and change. He desired
to see somewhat of our "old home" across the sea, and to go among
the scenes endeared to all, where have been enacted some of the great
deeds in the progress of human liberty, where have lived some of the
greatest poets and historians and orators of the world. He went to
England and Scotland and remained about a year, studying their
history, their literature, their people on the spots made famous by
some of the greatest men of all time. Soon after his return from
abroad he came to Michigan, in 1856. He taught for a few months
in Berrien Springs, Berrien county, then accepted the principalship of
the high school in the city of Ann Arbor, then one of the important
educational positions in Michigan. Here he first met the lady who
afterwards became his wife, Miss Sarah Merrylees, she being then
preceptress in the Ann Arbor high school. During his first year at
Ann Arbor he was chosen to the chair of English Literature at the
Agricultural College, but his engagement there prevented his coming
here until the year following. In 1858 he entered upon his duties
here where the remainder of his great work, extending through nearly
thirty years, was to be done. His thorough knowledge of the subject
he taught, his clearness as a teacher, his constant courtesy and kind-
ness made him from the first successful. He won friends at once
among students, faculty, and board of control.
In 1860 he was married to Miss Merrylees in Ann Arbor. The
coming of a bride to the college was in those days an unusual and
important event. Under the efficient leadership of Dr. George Thurber,
then professor of botany, the faculty and students decorated the house
(now Dr. Beal's), in which the newly wedded couple were to live, with
branches of evergreens, with great ferns from the woods, with the few
flowers that in those early days were to be found on the campus. As
the carriage containing the couple drove to the door it was greeted by
the whole college population, cheerful lights gleamed from the windows
of the flower-decked rooms, and a great balloon, made for the occasion
208 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
under the Doctor's direction, sailed into the skies to proclaim the
welcome. His home at once became the chief social center of the
college, and so continued during the many years that he and Mrs.
Abbot lived on the campus.
It was in the summer of 1858 that he entered upon his work here
as professor of English, in which work he continued until 1866, when
he was transferred to the chair of logic and mental philosophy, which
he held until his death. From 1858 to 1861 he was treasurer of the
college. From 1861 to 1863 he was the secretary of the board of
control. In 1863 he was chosen unanimously to the presidency of the
college, which place had been left vacant by the resignation of the
first president, Joseph R. Williams, in 1859. For more than twenty-
five years, through the days when the college was poor, small,
struggling, unknown; through the days when it began to have wealth
and influence and success; until after many years it had fame and
friends in many states and in foreign lands, he controlled its policy
and guided its fortunes.
His work at the college was always confining and severe. There
was little rest from year's end to year's end. Sometimes his
support, from those of whom support was most to be expected, was
not hearty. As years went by the strain told on his health and spirits.
In 1874 he took his family to Europe for a year's rest for his wife
and himself, and to give his daughter and son the benefit of schools
in Paris. But on returning the old steady grind settled down upon
him. He worked under a pressure too severe, he carried a burden too
heavy for any man to bear. Several times he sought release from the
duties of the presidency, but each time it seemed impossible for his
request to be granted, and so the weary work went on. At length, in
1885, it became evident that he must stop. The board of agriculture
acceded to his request and relieved him from the office of president,
continuing his duty as professor of logic and mental philosophy. His
family and friends hoped much from the change. For a short time
his health and strength seemed improved. He taught with something
of his old clearness and force; he went among his books with some-
thing of the old interest. But the change had come too late. The
brain, once so clear and alert, was too deeply affected. It a few
months it began to be whispered that he would not be better so long
as the diseased body should be the prison of the spirit. The predic-
tion was only too true. Quietly, gently, without suffering the dissolution
went on. Month by month, year by year, the body became more
feeble, the brain became less able for its work. For six years his wife
MEMOIR OF DR. T. C. ABBOT. 209
and daughter cared for him with all gentleness. Every want was
attended to, every comfort was supplied. At length in the morning of
Monday, November 7, 1892, his day of freedom came,
Shrill November gave gloomy skies and bitter winds for the day of
burial. Old friends and students assembled at the home in Lansing.
Prayer was offered by Rev. C. H. Beale, of the Congregational church,
then the body was borne to the church for a funeral service. Plants
and flowers from the college greenhouses decked the pulpit and the
coffin. Friends came from far and near. The faculty of the college
had been so changed since his retirement from active work, that many
of them had never met him, yet they gathered in sorrow at the grave
of one who had done so much for the college which they served.
Scarcely one of the present students had ever seen him, but they
knew of the loyal devotion of those former generations of students,
who were indebted to him so deeply, and they came to look upon the
coffined body whence had fled the spirit that wrought so well for the
development of the school that now trains them for life's work. Rev.
C. H. Beale read from the Bible and led the hearts of all in prayer.
The 'choir gave such music as lifts the thoughts to God. President O.
Clute, a graduate of the college in the class of '62, spoke, alas, how
inadequately, of the manly -qualities and the noble character of him
whose happy release had come. Then the body was borne to the
cemetery at Mount Hope. Ashes were returned to ashee, dust to dust.
The spirit so true to all goodness, so faithful to all noblo work, so able
in knowledge, in training, in grasp of thought, freed ]<ow from the
feeble body and the clouded brain, had come to the day of its
ascension.
Agricultural College, May 16, 1893.
The discourse given by Pres. Clute at the funeral service is printed
below.
"Ye shall know them by their fruits." Matt, v.i, 16.
We have been drawn together today by a common appreciation of
the noble friend whose emaciated body is in the casket before us, by
a common sorrow for his loss. For years that loss has been slowly
coming. The overworked brain gradually lost its powers; the clear
thought faded, the bright eye dimmed, the friendly grasp relaxed. The
dissolution, so long in progress, was completed two days ago. To him,
whose once strong mind had been so long hampered by the imperfec-
tions of the bodily machinery, the dissolution surely came as a happy
release. Freed from the trammels of the flesh, he is now once more
27
210 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
himself. Again he will rejoice in keen thought, in high purpose, in
noble activity. Again will he take his place as the companion of great
gouls in the divine works of God's many mansions. Those of us who
knew him and loved him, when in strength he worked among us and
for us, now bid him God speed in his onward journey, glad that from
eclipse he has entered into that realm of being where his noble
spiritual powers are freed from the bondage of the body, and may go
forward into those paths of study, and thought, and work that gave
him his chiefest pleasure here.
We judge men by the difficulties which they surmount, by the work
which they accomplish, by the friends whom they bind to their hearts
with, hooks of steel, by the character, the inner life, which they attain.
Dr. Abbot's busy life shows us the organizer, the teacher, the man.
Let us consider him. for a few minutes in these three aspects.
To organize a great enterprise requires the clear vision to see the
completed work before that work has existence. The great organ-
izer has a great imagination. We often wrongly think that it is only
the poet, the artist, the orator who has this creative vision; but they
share it with all great organizers, with all leaders of business and of men.
The poet expresses this vision in rhythmic sweeps of song, the business
man expresses it in his warehouses, the railroad manager in his mighty
roads, the educator in his great school. Dr. Abbot saw the school he
would create, while as yet the elements of that school were in chaos.
He studied the methods by which that school could be created; he in
great measure trained the men who were to aid him; and he educated
the State which was to give him money to accomplish his work. The
successful general knows clearly the forces which he must conquer.
So Dr. Abbot knew well the difficulties which were in his way. When
he came to the presidency of the Agricultural College the students
were few, the faculty was small in numbers and entirely lacking in
experience in such a school as was to be founded, the friends of the
school had vague ideas of what they wanted and of the methods to be
pursued; often these friends were divided in opinion and most impa-
tient for speedy results. The whole income of the college depended
upon legislative appropriations which were easily cut down by watchful
opponents. The ready gibe was often hurled in the press or in public
address against the "hayseed college." With few students, untrained
faculty, small and uncertain income, impatient and divided friends,
numerous and bitter enemies, he entered upon the work. To do so
required the courage of a warrior. To win victory against such odds
required a generalship not less able than that which conducts a great
MEMOIR OP DR. T. C. ABBOT. 211
campaign. His invincible courage and his masterly generalship enabled
him to hold his ground, and year by year to win points of vantage.
His genial temper and honorable methods won the friendship of good
men of all parties. Slowly the college buildings increased, the equip-
ment improved, the faculty became permeated with a common idea and
gave to that idea loyal devotion. Foes, convinced of his clearness of
head and honesty of heart, became fast friends of his ideas and of
himself. Before his failing health compelled him, in 1885, to resign
the presidency, he saw the college established on sure foundations,
with a large body of united and influential friends, with an increasing
number of alumni and of those students who had not remained to
graduate, and with an endowment from the national grant yielding a
generous income. Surely the results of his many years of faithful
service proved the clearness of his insight, the wisdom of his plans,
the courage of his purposes, the force of his work.
The teacher, like the poet, is born, not made. Perhaps the first
requisite of the good teacher is keenness to see quickly. He must be
alive to his subject, to his class, to his time. He must have, moreover,
a perfectly clear understanding of what he teaches. He must have
studied it from every aspect, so that it is to him as open as the sun.
He must so have absorbed it that it is a part of himself. He must
then insist on keenness, clearness, thoroughness from his pupils,
having at the same time sympathy for the student's ignorance, and
dullness, and difficulties, so that he may meet them and conquer them
by rousing enthusiasm and attention. All these qualities Dr. Abbot
possessed in an unusual degree. His manner in the class room was
quiet. Not a shadow of fuss or bluster, never the slightest attempt at
joke, or sarcasm, or brow-beating. But from the first hour the student
felt that his professor was in earnest, that he understood the subject
he was teaching, and that he expected earnestness and understanding
from every student. As the weeks, and the months, and the years
went by, the greater part of students found themselves in intellectual
affiliation with their professor. They, too, became keen, clear,
enthusiastic, faithful, thorough.
Some of the " old boys " are now old in fact as well as in the
familiar college speech, for they are grandfathers. They are scattered
far and wide in. Michigan and in other states and in lands beyond the
sea. Wherever you meet them they refer in terms of affectionate
appreciation to the service rendered them by President Abbot in
their student days. Successful and honorable men in nearly all walks
of life they trace their success to their college training, and especially
212 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
to the formative influence of President Abbot. Himself a teacher,
many of his students have become teachers. Since his active work at
the college ended, his influence planted in college work and spirit has
gone on, and not a few of our recent students carry out thoughts and
methods, which were his thoughts and methods, into professional work
in other states and in distant lands. All are permeated by the spirit
and strengthened by the training which he helped so much to incorpo-
rate in our study and our work, all are carrying this thought and
influence and character around the world. From mind to mind, from
heart to heart, his power as & teacher and inspirer will be felt to far
away ages.
The idealist is never able to realize fully his ideal. The great
business man does not get his business into such perfect shape as he
dreams. The poet is never able to put into words the pulsing thought
and music which his own ear catches. The orator's speech cannot
fully glow with the fire that burns within. That is, the man is always
more than appears in his works. Dr. Abbot's works were good; his
ideal was nobler than his works; his life was noblest of all. Pure,
simple, faithful, strong. He lived in the light. His reverent soul
rejoiced in all truth and good. His faithful heart served loyally his
God and his fellow man.
His strong character is felt today in his work and in the men he
trained. Yet all do but dimly show the force, the strength, the honor,
the thought that everywhere gleamed through the gentleness which
clothed him as a garment.
Scarcely less noticeable than his gentleness was his unassuming
estimate of himself. Some men pose constantly, anxious for admira-
tion; or they go around with a nauseating strut, anxious to show their
accomplishments, however small. Dr. Abbot lived in forgetfulness of
himself. He thought not of winning applause, but of doing work that
would count. He did not display himself; he displayed his college.
He showed not his own attainments but the course of instruction
which was gradually evolved under his guidance, the valuable equip-
ment of the college collected in all departments, the spacious lawns,
the beautiful groves, the wide fields, the noble buildings that grew
under his thoughtful care; especially did he delight in the men whose
training of brain and hand attained under his leadership made them
powers for good wherever they found work to do.
He lived in a time when burning questions were agitating the whole
world; questions of human rights, politics, reform, literature, science,
religion. For all these great themes he had warm sympathy. They
. MEMOIR OP DR. T. C. ABBOT. 213
touched in him responsive chords. They were founded in truth and
goodness, and hence in time he knew they would prevail. But he had
set himself to do a certain work, and to that work he gave his thought,
his strength, his life. However important and interesting were these
other themes, he could give to them only sympathy and good wishes.
His theme was the college which he led. His work lay in advancing
human happiness by creating a noble school. In the words of the
great apostle he said, " this one thing I do."
In him the old and the new mingled in harmony. He read with
appreciation the great poetry of the ancients. Job and Homer, Virgil
and Horace, came to him with revelations of love and beauty, of
heroism and religion. When, in early manhood, he visited Europe, he
was especially attracted by the scenes made famous in the works of
Shakespeare, by the haunts of Burns, the home of Scott, the lake
district where Wordsworth dreamed and sang. And the poets of today
found him equally responsive to their songs, which deal with the new
questions of the new time. In the old and in the new he felt the
human struggle and aspiration. In the new as well as in the old he
was thrilled with the presence and the struggles of the human spirit
as moved by the Divine. Indeed, to his clear vision, there wag no old
and no new, there was only the one humanity, then and now, groping
upward to the light, in response to the same divine leading.
He desired greater opportunity, better education, better wages, more
of true liberty, greater measure of justice, a truer obedience to duty
for every human being. As one of the most efficient means of securing
these he looked to education, the rational training of all 'human powers
and faculties. The new education had in him a faithful worker. By
the new education he understood the training of men and women by
the -best methods, in the most important knowledge, which" experience
has discovered. In his mind the new education implied no severing of
the present from the past, but a gradual growth from the past to the
present, and from the present to the future, and an appropriation by
the present of all the good the past has brought us. He believed that
the new education would develop men rather than machines; that it
would make not dreamers only, but workers; that it would so
strengthen every faculty as to enable men to learn daily more and
more of the secrets that are writ in the constitution of nature, and to
become more able to use the powers of nature for the service of man.
He made no public displays of enthusiasm for the new education, he
had nothing of the eagerness of the young convert to magnify his new
thought. But in careful ways he incorporated the new thought, the
214 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
new methods, the new results into the courses at the Agricultural
College. His successors have followed in the line he marked out. As
a result there is, perhaps, no school where the course of instruction in
all departments is based more fully on v modern knowledge and the
modern spirit.
Among the fruits of his life we find a home united and affectionate;
friends made from youth to age among the pure and strong; a great
school founded in the methods of the new education whose broad and
constructive spirit is but just coming to be understood; students from
that school planting its influence and that of its organizer and of its
faculty in all the varied departments of human activity; a character in
himself that was nobler than any work he did, more helpful than any
organization that sprung from his clear and reverent mind. By these
fruits we know him as one of the helpers of men, one of the servants
of God.
MEMOIE OF FEANCIS E. STEBBINS.
BY HON. NORMAN GEDDES.
Francis E. Stebbins was born at Williamstown, Vermont, on the '26th
of October, 1818. His father, Captain Bliss Stebbins, was born in
Wilbraham, Massachusetts, December 12, 1777, and in 1805 settled in
Williamstown, Vermont, where he resided until his death, March 10,
1826. His ancestors were English.
November 17, 1802, he married Miss Betsey Euth Cossitt, of Clare-
mont, New Hampshire, by whom he had five children, Francis E.
being the youngest.
Mrs. Betsey Euth Stebbins was born in Claremont, N. H., April 21 r
1783, and died in Adrian, Mich., February 21, 1870. She was of
French descent. Francis E. took his name from an uncle (Frangois
Een6 Cossitt). At the age of sixteen years he commenced to learn
the cabinet makers trade, with his brother-in-law, Lyman Briggs, at
Montpelier, Vermont, earning money enough to pay for several terms
MEMOIR OF FRANCIS R. STEBBINS. 215
tuition at the Academy in Montpelier. In 1837, he came to Michigan,
and joined his brother, C. B. Stebbins, who was carrying on the
cabinet business at Palmyra, in Lenawee county (Palmyra then aspiring
to become the future metropolis of the county). Here he remained
for about two years, and then went to Buffalo, N. Y., in the employ
of Cooley & Gralligan, cabinet makers.
While at Palmyra he wrote articles for the Michigan Whig, little
thinking that at some day he would be its editor. He also contributed
to the Michigan Observer of Detroit, and to the emancipator of New
York. While in Buffalo he wrote for the Buffalonian, the Commercial
Advertiser, the Republican, and several other papers, and was finally
given charge of the editorial work of the Morning Tattler, a society paper,
with the understanding, however, that it should not interfere with his
work as a cabinet maker. Alternating between Vermont, Buffalo and
Palmyra, for a few years, he finally came to Adrian in the fall of 1841,
and from that time until his death, which occurred on the 29th day of
September, 1892, resided in that city. With the exception of a few
months spent in the study of law, in the office of Baker, Harris &
Millard, Mr. Stebbins, during the entire period of his residence in
Adrian (comprising more than half a century of time), was continu-
ously engaged in the business of which he had made himself master
in his youth. Commencing in a small way, working at the bench
himself, and always doing what he did in the best possible manner,
he gradually built up one of the largest, best, and most successful
factories and furniture stores in southern Michigan,
A part of the time he was in partnership with his brother, C. B.
Stebbins; a part of the time the two brothers carried on the same
business, separately, side by side, and always in perfect harmony.
In 1853 the brothers, in connection with S. P. and T. D. &ermain,
built a four story brick block on east Maumee street in the city of
Adrian then the only four story building in Lenawee county and in
that portion of the block erected upon his land he continued in business
until the day of his death.
While Mr. Stebbins was thoroughly master of- his trade, and always
prided himself in making and keeping for sale furniture made upon
honor, and of the very best quality, and in so managing his shop and
store as to keep them well in hand and completely under his control;
yet his strong literary bias and the urgent solicitations of the propri-
etors, induced him to assume the editorship of the weekly and tri-weekly
Expositor, of Adrian, which position he held from 1850 to 1860; and
so long as he lived he continued to write for the press. Few men
216 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
have made more of their opportunities than did he. For nearly thirty
years prior to his decease, he spent a portion of each year in travel,
and while on these excursions wrote many interesting and instructive
letters of travel, covering the country from Lake Superior, and the
river and gulf of St. Lawrence to the gulf of Mexico.
He was fond of what is termed "outing" had a cottage at Grand
Lake, Presque Isle county, Michigan, and one at Sand Lake, Lenawee
county, and as long as he lived spent a part of each summer at one
or the other of these cottages; and, during the latter part of his life,
a part of each winter in Florida, where he made very thorough
explorations of Indian River.
He was a lover of nature, and with a few congenial friends, derived
the greatest possible pleasure from these annual excursions.
Mr. Stebbins was a public spirited man and identified with the
growth and prosperity of the city of Adrian and of the State of Mich-
igan for more than half a century. He was a zealous and active
member of the pioneer society of the county of Lenawee, and also of
the State pioneer society, contributing during his membership interesting
and valuable articles to each society. He served as alderman of his
ward in the common council of the city of Adrian, also as a member of
the public school board, where either as president or chairman of the
building committee, he had the leading charge of the erection of the
present central school building, the main features of the plan of
which were furnished by him and adopted by the board. He served
as a member of the old volunteer fire department of the city and had
much to do with the erection of its buildings; was a member of the
committee having charge of the erection of the soldiers' monument,
furnishing the design which was adopted for the base; and, in short,
has been directly or indirectly identified with almost every movement
that has been made calculated to advance the best interests of the
city, during his long residence therein.
In politics Mr. Stebbins was a whig and cast his first vote in Buffalo
for William Henry Harrison for president, and subsequently became
identified with the republican party and did yoeman service therein so
long as he lived. He was an active politician but never sought for
any public office. He was a religious man in the best and broadest
sense of the word, was liberal and catholic in his views, and a member
of the Presbyterian church. It can be truly said of him, that he was
an honest, conscientious, and good man. When it became apparent to
him, as it did some little time before his death, that he had but a
short time to live, he had no fear. For him death had no terrors.
MEMOIR OF ANSON DE PEUY VAN BUREN. 217
He had so lived that when his summons came he could "Wrap the
drapery of his couch about him and lie down to pleasant dreams."
Mr. Stebbins was twice married; his first wife being Miss Mary E.
Meyer of Buffalo, N. Y., to whom he was married on the 3d of
August, 1841, and by whom he had three- children, Francis G. Stebbins
and Mary L. Colvin, who survive him, and Ellen C., who died in
childhood. Mrs. Mary E. Stebbins was born in Coxsakie, N. Y., June
15, 1820, and died in Adrian, April 16, 1852. He was again married
October 24, 1853, to Migs Sarah Louise Briggs, of Claremont, New
Hampshire, by whom he had three children, Lilla Louise, Fred B. and
Edwin J. Mrs. Sarah Louise Stebbins was born at Charlestown, New
Hampshire, February 25, 1833. She and her two sons, above named,
survive her husband, and reside in the city of Adrian. Lilla Louise,
the daughter, married Mr. Edwin J. Pierce and died in Hingham,
Massachusetts, on the 27th day of September, 1890.
The three eons, Francis G., Fred B. and Edwin J., who had long
been in the employ of their father, continue the business, which he
had spent over half a century in establishing on a firm basis. Mr.
Stebbins will be greatly missed in the city, in the county and State,
and in this Society.
We can only add: "The end of a well spent life."
MEMOIE OF ANSON DE PEUY VAN BUEEN.
BY STEPHEN D. BINGHAM.
No Michigan man has done more to preserve the records of leading
pioneers, especially those of southwestern Michigan, than Anson De
Peuy Van Buren. Of Dutch descent he was "the son of Ephriam and
Olive (Jay) Van Buren, and was born April 22, 1822, at Kinderhook,
Columbia county, N. Y. He was the youngest of nine children. The
family, in 1826, removed to New York Mills, Oneida county, N. Y.,
28
218 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893,
where Anson received such an education as the village schools of that
day gave a boy of his years. And here, in his later boyhood, he had
the rare opportunity of listening to the preaching, lectures, and public
discussions of the foremost preachers, oratory, and reformers of that
day. Here he heard the eloquent McDowell, of New York, on moral
reform; Theodore Weld, on temperance; President Besiah Green, the
powerful abolition advocate; Grerritt Smith, the anti-slavery reformer;
Charles G. Finney, the revivalist; and that brilliant orator, the James
Otis of his day, Alvan Stewart, on temperance and reform. And it
was here, being thus early taught by such great masters, that the
subject of this sketch imbibed those views of religion, temperance, and
reform that governed his after life." The above are his own words,
found on page 287, Vol. 14, Pioneer Collections.
With his father's family he removed to Michigan, October 1, 1836.
The trip was by canal to Buffalo, taking some weeks, thence by the
steamer United States to Detroit. The son, then at the age of thirteen,
retained vivid recollections of the long journey, and has recalled them
in his "Pioneer Annals," Vol. 5, Pioneer Collections. From Detroit
the family journeyed in a wagon drawn by two yoke of oxen to Battle
Creek, and found a log cabin built on the claim, by older brothers.
The son helped his father cut the first trees on the farm and was kept
busy with the other boys at hard labor. The family had brought five
hundred pounds of dried codfish from their old home, which was
exchanged for pork with neighbors, then called "paying with dicker."
The fact is placed on record that in the spring of 1837 "wheat was
two dollars a bushel, corn and oats very high, when they could be
bought at all, potatoes were ten shillings per bushel, and it was
necessary to go to Prairie Bonde, a round trip of some sixty miles, to
get them at that price. We gave thirteen dollars for a shoat of the
wind-splitter breed, weighing probably sixty pounds dressed. It was so
lean it would not fry itself. We had to boil it in half a dozen waters
and then it would not pass as * legal tender' with anyone who knew
what pork was." The cattle were kept through with a scarce supply
of marsh grass and the buds and tender twigs of tree tops cut down
for that purpose. He records as a tender remembrance of those days
that after a year had gone by and they had not seen a person or thing
they had known in New York, his mother found a house fly that had
been caught and preserved between the leaves of a book and exclaimed:
"Here is a fly from New York state! Now, children, don't touch it,
let it remain in this book, just as it is, for it is a fly that once lived
in our old home."
MEMOIR OF ANSON DE PEUY VAN BUREN. 219
Thus commenced his Michigan life. For the first few years he had
no school advantages, but made the chimney corner his school room,
and the elementary spelling book, the old English reader, Olney's
geography, Daboll's arithmetic, and Kirkham's grammar his teachers.
It was an evening school, kept mostly in the winter season, and all
the light he had was that which came from the hickory bark thrown
on the fire. There he studied, made himself master of the books
named, and in the winter of 1838, at the age of sixteen, he received a
certificate to teach the Goguac Prairie school. He continued to teach
winters in Battle Creek until the spring of 1843, when he entered the
branch of the Michigan University at Kalamazoo, remaining there
three years. He entered the University at Ann Arbor in the summer
of 1847, leaving in the fall to teach at Athens, Calhoun county. He
taught in various places until the fall of 1857, when, with failing health,
he went to Mississippi. There he soon took charge of an academy
near Yazoo City, returning to Michigan after the lapse of a year,
opening a select school at Battle Creek, and finally closed his long and
successful career as teacher in the Climax high school.
In the fall of 1859 he published his book entitled, "Jottings of a
Year's Sojourn in the South," which was favorably received both north
and south. This work is a volume of 320 pages and is a racy record
of southern life in those days, and worthy of a choice place in every
Michigan library. Among the reminiscences are graphic sketches of
George M. Poindexter, Henry S. Foote, General Quitman, Joseph Holt,
George D. Prentice, S. S. Prentiss, Colonel McClung, Jefferson Davis,
and others. Never have we seen elsewhere so vivid and lifelike a
sketch as that of the eloquent S. S. Prentiss given by him. He brings
the matchless orator before you so that you see the man and almost
hear the words that came from his lips and swayed the people like
the touch of magic.
In 1864 Mr. Van Buren engaged in life insurance, which became his
occupation for the rest of his life. He married Miss Mary L. Gibson,
November 14, 1866, and resided in Galesburgh, where he held various
town offices. He died June 27, 1892, highly - esteemed by every one
who ever knew him. His widow is still living in Galesburgh.
Henry Bishop of Kalamazoo says of him: "He was a terse and
vigorous writer on subjects congenial to him. No man furnished more
interesting historical sketches of old pioneers for the different volumes,
of the State pioneer history than Mr. Van Buren. He was an honest
temperance worker, an earnest Bible student, a great aid to Sabbath
schools, and a member of the Congregational church. The greater part
220 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
of his life was spent in the school room, where he endeavored to teach
true manhood by example as well as by precept."
The counties of Calhoun and Kalamazoq are fortunate that he was a
resident, first at Battle Creek, later at Galesburgh. As a writer of
biography he has never been excelled by any resident of Michigan,
and from his pen preserved in the Pioneer Collections, the names of
many leading pioneers have been rescued from oblivion. With a
thorough command of language, a remarkable memory, a humor that
never exhausted itself, he gives in inimitable style the anecdotes of
those hardy pioneers. These alone would form a volume of genuine
humor, and this characteristic of the man ,was fresh and genial as ever
up to the last hours of his life. While he did not become a member
of the State Pioneer Society until 1883, many of his papers of previous
years, written for the county pioneer societies of Calhoun and Kalama-
zoo, have been preserved in the Pioneer Collections. Some years of
his life must have been spent in writing these papers, and all are
graphic and enjoyable in the highest degree. Neither time nor space
would suffice to give even the titles of all his papers. Among the
leading papers of the humorous character are "The Political Campaign
of 1840," with incidents, anecdotes, and recollections of its distinguished
editors and orators, north and south, in Volume 10, Pioneer Collections;
and "That Glorious 5th, How it was Celebrated in 1845 at Kalamazoo,"
would shake the ribs of a misanthrope. Other valuable papers are
"Temperance in Pioneer Days," "History. of the Old Branches of the
Michigan University," and of " The Branch University at Kalamazoo,"
"Michigan in Pioneer and National Politics, and in the Campaign of
1856," and a complete history of "The Temperance Conflict."
But in " The Log School House Era," a paper of 120 pages, Volume
14, Pioneer Collections, we get the key of his life and character. As
a pioneer school master he devoted twenty-one years of his life to
teaching, mostly country schools, for it was all country then, and gives
his full experience as a teacher from the age of sixteen to thirty-six,
commencing in 1838 and closing in 1859. He was the best type of the
western pioneer schoolmaster. He had started with the determination
to be a teacher, and after a first trial attended higher schools in
summer to make up for defects he found. With the smallest of wages
he persevered, and finally gained name and fame as a teacher. What
his wages were the first school in 1838 is not recorded, but in 1842,
we find him contracting to teach for eight dollars a month and
"board around." In 1847 he had reached the figure of $14 a month,
and later $18 per month; finally, in a higher grade of school, $75 per
MEMOIR OF ANSON DE PEUY VAN BUREN. 221
month. He knew only one common school teacher who was a college
graduate, and he was not among the best teachers.
Then "the school officers were the 'board of regents' and the school
master played the part of president and professor in that rude seat
of learning, the pioneer schoolhouse. His advanced students drove
him beyond the 'three r's' into natural philosophy, algebra, and
perhaps into botany and astronomy." The college bred student was
"not so competent to teach a district school as the teacher who had
been trained in the curriculum of that school." " When the school
master of the old days stepped upon the floor of the log school house
his foot was on his native heath, and he was at home amid his
surroundings."
He vividly describes his first school house: "It was built of oak
logs with 'cobbed up' corners. The roof was composed of shakes that
were held in their places by long poles laid lengthwise over the lap
of each course, and pinned down at each end. The floor was of
puncheon. A fireplace with broad jams was surmounted with a stick
chimney, which ran up on the outside and east end of the building.
There was but one door and but one window, close beside it, on the
south side. The door swung on oaken hinges, and was fastened by
and answered to a wooden latch that was raised by the accustomed
leather latch string. The logs were 'chinked and mudded up' and the
building was considered fit for winter use. There was not a nail or a
particle of iron about the house. The glass was secured in the sashes
by little wooden pegs, and the cross-piece over the fire place was a wooden
support. Our school room furniture, like the building, was of the
most primitive kind. Holes were bored into the logs some three feet
from the floor, on the sides and west end of the room, into which
long pegs were driven; boards were secured on these pegs slanting
inward for desks. Rough boards on wooden legs ran parallel to the
desks for seats. Slabs with shorter legs constituted the seats for the
smaller children. The schoolmaster's table was also of pioneer make."
The teacher was without blackboard or bell, and called his school to
order by rapping on the sash of the lone window with a book. His
equipment was a cherry ruler, whip and penknife. Daily the pens were
made for each scholar far enough advanced to write, but he seems to
have used the whip but little, in spite of that remark of the many
wived Solomon, "Spare the rod, spoil the child," which has cost the
descendents of the Pilgrims so many million "lickings."
With such a commencement Mr. Yan Buren perfected himself as a
teacher, followed it many years at the lowest of wages, because he
222 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
loved the profession on which he conferred signal honor. His vivid
and thorough record of his long services as a teacher is of itself a
monument of which any man might well feel proud. Teacher of the
pioneers, thyself a pioneer, we salute thee in death!
In person Mr. Yan Buren was tall and graceful, with a head and
face that were a model for the sculptor. As a member of the State
Pioneer Society from 1883 until his death, he stood very high in the
estimation of his fellow members. Except for deafness he would have
filled the position of president long before his death. For many years
he was a member of the historical committee and his services were of
great value in that capacity. His place no one else can fill. He has
written much of value for the later writers of history and biography,
and for himself has won fame that will inure with the name and fame
of the State he loved and served so well.
MEMOIR OF EX-GOVERNOR CHARLES M. CROSWELL.
REMARKS AT THE FUNERAL, DECEMBER 16, 1886.
BY JUDGE THOMAS M. COOLEY.
When one who for more than the average lifetime of man has
filled a large space in the public eye, holding important positions,
executing high trusts and wielding a commanding influence among his
fellows, drops suddenly out of sight, almost without warning, the shock
of the general loss is likely at first to be felt by us more than that
which is personal, and we stand in the awful presence of death appalled
chiefly by the great vacancy in the social and civil state which the
blow has made. But ere long the tender chord of memory, responsive
to recollections of early friendships, common enjoyments, common
trials and common aspirations, make us sensible of the pain of
sundered ties, and the sense of general loss gives place to the more
exquisite sorrow of personal bereavement.
MEMOIR OP EX-GOVERNOR CHARLES M. CROSWELL. 223
Charles M. Croswell affords us one of those striking illustrations, of
which the history of America is full, of boys without the help of
fortune, or education, or influential friends, by the force of native
energy and perseverance, raising themselves to positions of eminence
and usefulness, and filling them with distinguished honor. He was an
orphan at seven years of age, with the prospect before him of a
laborious and inconspicuous life, with no adventitious circumstances
whatever upon which he could rely for exceptional success. At the
age of eighteen, when I first saw him, he was learning the trade of a
carpenter. He had the industry and the energy which were the sure
auguries of success, and had he continued in that occupation it is not
to be doubted that he would in time have become a man of note in
the community, if not a man of wealth. He had Franklin's love of
books, and it was certain from the first that as he grew in years he
would find a congenial sphere of action in which his self -acquired
learning would be of special value, and would enable him to compete
with others, more fortunate in their early advantages, for important
stations.
It is difficult to speak of him fittingly without speaking also of
myself, for .before he attained his majority we were thrown much
together, and with his gifted cousin, George W. Hicks, constituted a
trio of youth, all equally without the favors of fortune, equally
dependent on individual exertions for all that should be attained or
possessed, but with similar tastes, w,hich could only be gratified by
hard labor and the strictest economy, and in the gratification of which
we might be of mutual assistance. The untimely death of young Hicks
had the effect to draw the survivors more closely together, and the
intimacy grew and was unbroken until the time came when public
affairs almost monopolized attention.
I have spoken of him as having been without the advantages of
education. His indebtedness to schools was but small and his upward
path was made more difficult in consequence. But the consciousness of
the disadvantage only operated as a spur to effort, and he came in
time to be a well read man, with a large fund of useful knowledge
which by diligence he had made the books impart to him. He was
especially attracted by historical works; and few men so much absorbed
by business and public avocations as he shortly became, were more
familiar with the general facts of ancient and modern history, and
especially with the history of his own country and of its leading
public characters. He was fond of lighter literature also, and he
studied rhetoric as art to the full extent that his circumstances enabled
224 ANNUAL MEETING 1893.
him to do. As a result his mind was not only well stored with useful
information, bat what he knew he was prepared effectively to use; and
though he was never a ready he was always a favorite speaker, since
what he had to say was carefully studied and was delivered with grace
and in accurate diction.
When Mr. Croswell decided to study law he entered my office for
the purpose, and when admitted to the bar he became my partner.
But he had no fondness for the law and was preeminently a man of
business. He filled with credit many local and county offices which I
will not delay to enumerate, and in 1866 was chosen to the State
senate. In that body, although it contained several older and more
experienced lawyers, he was made chairman of the judiciary committee,
a high compliment from the late governor, which was fully justified by
the able and painstaking manner in which the duties were performed.
The senate paid him a still higher compliment when by common
consent it elected him president pro tempore, an office commonly
conferred only on a member of considerable experience. But probably
not one of his associates was so admirably fitted for the post as was
he, for from the time of his election he had given special and careful
attention to parliamentary law, and can be truthfully said to have made
himself master of its peculiar and to some extent arbitrary rules. He
held a seat in the senate for three successive terms, and long before
he left it he was the acknowledged and trusted leader of his party in
both houses. In 1867 he was chosen to a seat in the convention for
revising the constitution of the State, a body to which the people had
sent many of their ablest men and best trained intellects. And there
again his thorough familiarity with parliamentary rules as well as his
fairness was recognized, as they had been in the senate, by his being
called to preside, and he did so to the entire satisfaction of all parties.
Five years later he was a member of the popular house of the
legislature and was made its speaker. In these several public positions
as well as in those he held afterwards, his official papers and addresses
were conspicuous for terseness and lucidity, and gave cogent' evidence
that his self -training had been as accurate as it was laborious.
In 1876 Mr. Crosswell was nominated by acclamation in the conven-
tion of the dominant party in the State to the office of governor and
was of course elected. In that high office he brought undoubted
integrity, careful preparation, correct business habits and great industry.
The State has never had a more painstaking executive, never a cleaner
administration, never a firmer head to its affairs. He had not the
faculty, if he had the taste, of impressing the general public by
MEMOIR OP EX-GOVERNOR CHARLES M. CROSWELL. 225
pageant and demonstration; but in his quiet, patient, indiistrious, and
persistent way, be gave to the State a faithful and strong administra-
tion, which was alike an honor to him and an honor to the common-
wealth which he loved and was proud to preside over. Many a state,
which has suffered in various ways from the want of careful business
qualities in more brilliant, demonstrative and pretentious executives,
might well have envied Michigan its careful, thoughtful, and untiring
governor. And though without full knowledge upon that subject I
speak with great confidence when I say that he left this high office
with means diminished by his having held it.
On retiring from the office of governor, he took up cheerfully the
duties of a private citizen, and these were faithfully and diligently
performed until the fatal illness overtook him. Public life with him
had not as with so many others, destroyed his regular business habits,
and he "had no wasteful or vicious tastes to sap his fortune or consti-
tution, or to lead others to ruin. But it is as needless for me to enter
upon his every day life as it would be to give in detail the list of his
public employments. It is quite enough to say in this presence where
he was so well known, that with him public office was always a sacred
public trust and that he recognized in his capacity of private citizen,
duties as imperative as any that could be conferred by the choice of his
fellows. As we face any public building in the city, we are reminded
of some important service performed or some worthy address delivered
in it; as we enter any principal street we are met by recollection of
something notable with which in the nearly fifty years of his residence
among us he was prominently concerned. A great place was indeed
left vacant when he passed away.
Six days ago, on learning of his illness, I came to stand by his bed-
side, and to say, if I might, a word of cheer. I knew that so well
had his intellectual powers been preserved that he was still, as to them,
in the prime of life and I hoped that the. physical disease was not
serious. But I saw at once that death had marked him for its prey,
and that the end was nigh. But his mind was not upon the brief tenure
of existence; if he had any dread of what was immediately before him
he did not express it. On the contrary he directed attention at once
to his public life and the wish uppermost in his thoughts was, that
when he had passed away it should be said of him in respect to his
discharge of duties in his highest office,
"He was faithful."
Into the sanctities of private life we should in the presence of death
29
226 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
be awed from intrusion; but I may be permitted to say how well I
knew how the members of his family were held by that great heart of
his in anxious but close and loving embrace. The curtain falls now
between us and him; but just as the record of his public service will
be imperishable, so also to us will be the remembrance of his private
virtues.
" Death cannot claim the immortal mind;
Let earth close o'er its sacred trust,
But goodness dies not in the dust."
Hon. Charles M. Croswell was born October 31, 1825, at Newburgh,
Orange county, N. Y., and was son of John and Lottie (Hicks)
Croswell. His father was of Scotch-Irish extraction, was a paper
maker, and carried on business in New York city. When the son was
seven years of age his mother, a woman of superior ability and worth,
and his only sister died, and but three months after the death of his
mother his father was accidentally drowned in the Hudson river at New-
burgh, leaving him the last of the family, without means of support.
He found a friend in an uncle, James Berry, a house-builder and
contractor, with whom he came to Adrian in 1837, where he resided
until his death, which occurred suddenly there December 13, 1886.
MEMOIRS OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE BAY
COUNTY BAR.
BY A. C. MAXWELL.
Iii undertaking to write an account of those men who have hereto-
fore been members of the Bay county bar I have found myself so
embarrassed by any attempt at discussion of the character of those
members still living that I shallonly give some account of those who
are dead.
I settled in lower Saginaw (now Bay City) in March, 1857. When
MEMOIRS OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF BAY CO. BAR. 227
I arrived there I found that Messrs. C. H. Freeman, W. L. Sherman,
and James Birney had preceded me, and they were all then actively
engaged in the practice of the law.
JAMES BIRNEY.
Hon. James Birney was born at Danville, Kentucky, in 1817. His
father, James G. Birney, candidate for the liberty party for president
in 1840 and 1844, resided in Lower Saginaw from 1840 until 1850.
He was trustee of the old Saginaw Bay company, which owned the
section of land on which the original plat of Lower Saginaw was first
laid out, and no doubt the interests that he left in Bay City was the
cause of the settlement of his son at that place.
James Birney was educated at Center College, Ky., and at Miami
University, Ohio, from which latter institution he was graduated in 1836.
For the two years succeeding his graduation he occupied the position
of professor of the Greek and * Latin languages at that institution.
He afterward studied law at New Haven, Conn., and subsequently
entered upon the practice of that profession at Cincinnati, Ohio. While
at New Haven he married Miss Moulton, cousin of Commodore Isaac
Hull who captured the Guerriere on the 19th day of August, 1812. In
1856 Mr. Birney removed with his family to Lower Saginaw (now Bay
City) and at once interested himself in the development of the place.
From that time until his death Bay City was his home.
Mr. Birney was a prominent republican in politics and in 1858 was
elected to the State senate, and in this office he displayed both great
capacity and great independence. In the year 1859 most of that great
grant of swamp land which the general government had made to the
State for the purpose of drainage and reclamation was appropriated by
the State for the building of State roads and to the construction of
drains and ditches. And here Mr. Birney rendered services to northern
Michigan, for which its people for all time to come should be forever
grateful. There was a strong body of men in the legislature that year,
who were determined to ignore and neglect the conditions of the trust,
and to sell the swamp lands and apply the proceeds of the sale to the
school fund, thus leaving the northern portions of the State with its
swamps and morasses to take care of themselves. And as the phrase
went, let them get out of the woods as best they can. Mr. Birney
overcame this faction and secured the legislation which has opened up
northern Michigan through every portion of it with the State roads.
So well did he perform his duty as senator as to attract general
attention, and in 1860 he was elected lieutenant governor of the State.
228 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
He was exceptionally well qualified for the office of president of the
senate. He was careful, studious, and absolutely impartial and inde-
pendent, and managed to perform his duties with a constant suavity
and grace that caused the members of that body to be very proud of
him, and justly too, for of all the men who have succeeded him in
that office, none has reached that high standard attained by Judge
Birney as a presiding officer.
In the senate that year (1861) were Henry P. Baldwin, afterwards
governor and senator, Byron G. Stout, afterwards a candidate of his
party for governor and since a member of congress, and Solomon L.
Withey, afterwards judge of the federal courts at Grand Rapids, and
many other distinguished sons of Michigan. And it is safe to say
that Judge Birney was the full equal of all these distinguished men.
He had a natural aptness in the transaction * of public business. He
frequently debated questions on the floor of the senate; always with
sincerity and ability, and always with firmness and kindness. While
he was ambitious he was totally above all the low schemes and prac-
tices of modern politicians.
In the spring of 1861 Governor Birney was appointed circuit judge
of the eighteenth judicial circuit, then composed of the counties of Bay,
losco, Alcona, and Alpena. He presided four years on the bench of
that circuit. He was a dignified, prudent, and careful judge. His
administration of justice was satisfactory. He was modest, kind,
accommodating, fair and impartial, and generally right, but like all
judges he made some mistakes. I remember once he intimated a
decision against me. I mentioned to him that the supreme court had
decided otherwise, and showed him the decision of Tannahill vs. Tuttle.
He refused to modify his ruling and simply remarked " So much the
worse for the supreme court." I cheerfully add that he was right, as
Tannahill vs. Tuttle was afterwards overruled. He was not well
adapted to a judicial position. While his mind was active and clear,
he could not comprehend and would not follow many of the rules of
law which to the general student appear unreasonable.
After leaving the bench he resumed his practice of law in Bay City.
In 1867 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention and
actively participated in the proceedings of that body. He was very
conservative, perhaps too much so, as the work of the convention was
rejected by the people.
In 1870 Mr. Birney established the Bay City Chronicle, a weekly
newspaper, and in 1873 it was issued daily. It was published until
after Mr. Birney's departure for the Hague, when it was merged into
MEMOIRS OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF BAY CO. BAR. 229
the Tribune. In 1872 he was appointed centennial commissioner for
Michigan and as such was of considerable service to the State. He
was noted as such for his affability and kindness.
In 1872 he was appointed minister to the Netherlands. This was a
position to which he was exceptionally wel] adapted. He held this
office until 1882, when he returned to Bay City. His father was a
graduate of Princeton, a man of fine taste and elegant accomplishments.
He was simple and free in his manner, liberal in his views in every-
thing except upon the subject of slavery, perfectly honest, and no
doubt from him Judge Birney acquired those elegant manners for
which he was noted.
At the court of Holland, as a representative of the United States, he
was highly distinguished, and it is probable that of all the representa-
tives of the nations at that court he was the most respected and
admired as a man. It is true the embassadors from Germany, France,
and Russia with millions of armed men near at hand, and England
with her tremendous navy, each able to crush Holland in a month,
must be shown great consideration; but this was due to force and to
the position of affairs, not to the representative or to the man who
might happen to represent the nation. Judge Birney maintained a
high position there, and did much to elevate the embassy and in the
building up of friendly feelings towards the people of the United
States. He died in May, 1888.
Mr. Birney was a man of great public spirit and filled the many
public offices, to which he was either elected or appointed, with ability
and fidelity. He was devoted to the interests of Bay City and Bay
county, and took an active part in promoting their growth and
development.
At the time of his death he was president of the board of education
of Bay City, and in this office, as in all other positions of public trust
occupied by him, he made his duty to the people of paramount
importance. He was a man of sensative and refined feelings, firm in
his convictions, of fine appearance, and eminently qualified by educa-
tion and manners to shine in the higher walks of public life.
Politicians accused him of being an aristocrat, but he was a true,
loyal, tender hearted gentleman who could not play the demagogue.
ANECDOTE.
Although Judge Birney was self-possessed and circumspect in his
conduct generally, one morning in the spring of 1859 he said to me,
230 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
"I feel most devilishly ugly this morning." The next morning Z
learned the occasion of his wrath. At this time there was not a rod of
made road in Bay county. There was but one span of horses in town.
People's cattle, cows, pigs and geese run everywhere at large on the
property of every land owner with impunity. Judge Birney had
cleared some blocks between Ninth and Tenth streets in Bay City, and
had made some clearing where the family homestead now stands. He
had cleared his lands, fenced it, and planted it. It so happened that
this enclosure embraced a sand ridge over which the settlers' cows had
passed out to the woods to graze. On each side of the judge's fences
were swamps, so that when the cattle got beyond his enclosure they
could not find their way home, and every night the settlers would pull
down his fences and let the cattle through to their homes. Finally he
laid in wait for them and one evening caught two old German settlers
named Mikler and Steinbauer letting down his fences. It was past
one o'clock in the morning. He at once woke up Squire Chilson, had
both trespassers arrested, tried them before two o'clock in the morning
and had them in jail punctually at three.
THEOPHILUS C. GRIER.
Among the members of the bar who gained a special notoriety at an 1
early age of his life was Theophilus C. Grier. His reputation was
known all over the State as one of the rising lawyers of our country.
Judge Grier was born at Ravenna, in the state of Ohio, on the 2d
day of January, 1834, and was a descendent, on his mother's side, of
Rev. John Cotton, of Pilgrim fame. His parents died while Mr. Grier
was yet a mere lad, and he was taken and cared for during a short
time by an uncle whose name was Carlton, and who was a minister of
the Universalist denomination of more than ordinary reputation. At
the age of fifteen young Grier became apprenticed as a printer to one
Joel D. Brattels, who was' then editor of the Trumbull County
Democrat. This training was subsequently of immense value to him as
a writer. The young man's health became very delicate, and he was
necessarily compelled to quit the printing business and cultivate his
physical strength. After a short time he became strong enough to
attend school and entered an educational institution at Marietta, Ohio.
Subsequently he made up his mind to enter the legal profession, and
to this end he became a student in the law office of Riddle & Hatha-
way, of Chardon, Ohio. His circumstances were such that it was
necessary for him to teach school during the winter season of the year
MEMOIRS OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF BAY CO. BAR. 231
and pursue his law studies during the summer, spending what he
earned during the winter to enable him to prosecute his studies during
the summer. While thus engaged and while yet a youth he became
acquainted with Jennie Miller, whom he married in July, 1857. Three
children were the fruits of this marriage, the oldest being Carlton
Grier, who is now a resident of Spokane, Washington, the second, a
daughter, who died in Bay City some years ago, and the third, Rev.
A. Grier, who is now one of the most scholarly and eloquent ministers
of the gospel of the state of Towa.
Shortly after the marriage of Judge Grier, he was admitted to the
bar in the state of Ohio, and moved with his wife to Pine Run,
Michigan, where he commenced the practice of his profession. This
practice for the first few years was confined chiefly to the justices'
courts, as is the case with most of the lawyers of his training and
advantages. In this field, however, Mr. Grier showed indications of
his future merits and abilities. He soon sought a more extended
opportunity in which to grow, however, and during the year 1859 he
took up his residence in Bay City. Here he found remunerative calls
for his services from the beginning. His great ability as a rising
lawyer was at once recognized, and in the year 1860 he was elected
prosecuting attorney and circuit court commissioner of Bay county.
As a public prosecutor he was the dread and fear of criminals and at
once came to the front as a trial lawyer. During the month of Sep-
tember, 1861, he associated with him A. McDonell, now of Bay City,,
and this firm, under the name of Grier & McDonell, controlled a very
extensive and lucrative practice until Judge Grier was elected to the
bench. They were engaged in the trial of as many as one hundred
and ten issues of fact during one term of the Bay county 'circuit court.
In 1865, Mr. Grier was appointed city attorney of Bay City. In 1867
he was elected a member of the State legislature. In this body he
commanded the respect of his colleagues, and the attention of the
State, by his power as a ready debater, his eloquence, and his acute
and discriminating mind, as well as his sharp and incisive logic. Few
men of the day were equal to him in debate on the floor of the
legislative hall. His industry as a committee man was also noticeable.
He was called by the press of the State the " Ajax of the House. "
Few men possessed the power of Mr. Grier before a miscellaneous
audience. As a political speaker on the stump his influence was almost
matchless, and during our political campaigns his services were in
constant demand all over his State. In 1871 the territory of the tenth
judicial circuit of Michigan was changed and the eighteenth circuit
I
232 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
was organized, composed of Bay, losco, Alcona, and Alpena counties.
Mr. Grier was elected judge of the new circuit as the unanimous choice
of both political parties, he being a democrat. This position on the
bench he held until his death, which occurred on the 5th day of June,
1872. The decease of Judge Grier at this early day of his life, was
sorrowfully and keenly felt by his many friends of the Saginaw Valley.
It occurred at a period, as will be seen, when he was on the threshold
of a brilliant and useful life. He was strictly a self made man, having
no advantages except those given him by nature herself. The com-
munity in which he lived during the last ten years of his life looked
upon him as one of the most brilliant men of his age; his judgment
on law questions was considered eminently accurate and sound; he
seldom erred in matters of opinion, and his power as a public speaker
and especially as a jury lawyer was almost dangerous, because under
the excitement of his addresses he ignored everything but the success
of his client.
HON. SIDNEY T. HOLMES.
The late Judge Sidney T. Holmes was born at Skaneateles, N. Y.,
in August, 1815. His father, Judge Epenetus Holmes, was a promi-
nent attorney at that place, but he removed to Morrisville, a thriving
village and county seat of Madison county, N. Y., when the subject of
our sketch was but four years old. Here the child attended the village
school and graduated from the village academy, afterwards completing
his education at the Waterville seminary. He then engaged in teach-
ing and in the study of the law and civil engineering. He was
appointed chief engineer of the Chenango and Black River canal, and
afterwards was engaged on the New York and Erie railroad. In 1888
he married and settled in Morrisville in the practice of the law, a pro-
fession to which he became greatly attached and in time acquired a great
and well earned reputation. In 1851 he was elected county judge,
filling that position for twelve years, and in 1864 he was elected to
congress from the twenty-second congressional district of New York,
receiving the largest majority ever, given to any candidate up to that
time. He served his term of two years in congress to the entire
satisfaction of his constituents, but declined a renomination, preferring
his profession to that of congressional life at Washington. Soon after
his return home he became associated at Utica in the practice of the
law with Hon. Boscoe Conklin, remaining in the firm three years, but
their large practice devolving mostly upon the Judge, his health
became impaired and he came to Bay City to recuperate his failing
MEMOIRS OF DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF BAY CO. BAR. 283
health, and to visit friends and relatives, and was so favorably
impressed with the push and prospects of the place that he deter-
mined to locate in Bay City. He returned to Utica and as soon as
possible with so large a practice, dissolved his connection with the firm
and removed with his family to Bay City, opened an office in the
Watson block, with Mr. Haynes and J. L. Stoddard, a young attorney
who had come with him from Utica. Mr. Haynes removing to the west
the firm afterwards became Holmes, Collins & Stoddard. But for
some years before his death the firm was Holmes & Collins. Judge
Holmes' death occurred January 16, 1889. None stood higher in his
profession or was better known throughout central New York than
Judge S. T. Holmes. He was republican in politics and liberal in his
religious belief. Honor and the strictest integrity gave him influence
not only at the bar but among the citizens who knew him best.
Judge Holmes was a great lawyer. This was true of him not only
as counsel with parties about their business transactions, but also in
the preparation and trial of causes. He was an all around lawyer. He
had been an engineer in early life. Prior to his coming to Bay City,
he had made political speeches from his early manhood all over the
country. He was for twelve years surrogate judge of Madison county,
New York. He acquired an intimate knowledge of the business affairs
and details of the business life of the community in which he lived.
He had a great knowledge of human nature. His knowledge of the
law was profound. He studied hard, earnestly and deeply. His knowl-
edge of New York case law and of the cases governing the general
principles of the law was very great. He kept a large library well
stocked with text books; kept up his reports and digests and kept
abreast of the law as the decision came out. All of this combined,
made him an able and wise counselor. When it came to advising
about matters of law, particularly in connection- with business transac-
tions, his advice and judgment were able and shrewd. Before litigation
commenced he was in favor of exhausting all reasonable means to
effect a settlement which would avoid litigation, but after litigation
was commenced his watchword then was ''fight," and from the
beginning to the end of litigation he was a zealous, earnest, and able
combatant and advocate.
His preparation of causes for trial was thorough and exhaustive. On
trial of causes he was alert, vigilant and active. In the examina-
tion and cross-examination of witnesses he was very able, and where
there were any questions of fraud involved or any question where the
30
234 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
motives of parties were in issue, his cross-examination was wonderfully
ingenious and shrewd as well as combative and gome of the events in
this class of cases are long to be remembered by those who witnessed
them.
His presentation of a case to the court was most able, and he
analyzed and presented case law with great effect. In arguing cases to
the jury he analyzed testimony closely. He argued strongly and made
powerful and logical arguments, arguments that were homely and
strong. And at the same time from his wide range of reading and
study he had many apt illustrations and anecdotes at his command
which he used with great effect to enforce his points. His antagonists
and the witnesses whom he cross-examined very often thought he was
entirely too severe and combative, but his own clients seldom have
entertained that opinion. His repartee and hits on opposing counsel
were sometimes quite caustic and in the heat of argument he was
sometimes severe on opposing parties and witness and counsel; but
he could take as well as give, and when the contest was over he
carried no spite or ill feeling.
In a trial of a cause he contested every inch of the ground and
never willingly gave up the contest that was against him until the last
decision of the highest court had settled the question beyond recall.
To sum up in a few words, he was wise and able as a counselor in
his office, as a trial lawyer he was shrewd, aggressive and strong
before court or jury.
And whether in his office or in litigation, he was both honest and
honorable and had the strength that a reputation for honor and
honesty gives.
While Judge Holmes was a very great lawyer, careful, studious, and
able, he was hampered by natural deficiencies of a very serious
character. He was totally deficient of imagination. His speeches to
court and jury were strong, direct, and logical, but he had not a trace
of fancy. His earnestness lent some interest to his speeches, but he
was not an orator, or even a good debater. While he showed greater
familiarity with the New York reports than any man I ever saw, being
able to turn to the book and page where almost any case was reported
in an instant, he was totally unable to extract from the authorities the
philosophical reasons on which they were founded. The case was
presented by him to the court stripped of all interest, except the bare
point of the decision. Here was a decision in his favor, and that was
all there was of it. The reason or the rule laid down in the case
seemed of no consequence to him. The .decisions and the facts on
REMINISCENCES OF OCEANA COUNTY. 235
which they were founded were put fairly and fully before the court,
and such reasoning as followed was from the decision as a point
established and not to sustain the reason and principle of the case.
These difficulties were apparent to those with whom he practiced
law. He was conscious of them himself, but he overcame every
obstacle by work. He supplied the place of qualities he lacked by
work, work, work, till he became the great and learned lawyer that he
was. Judge Holmes, outside of the contentions of the bar, was an
amiable and sociable man, and the extent of his information about the
public men of the country was astonishing.
One fall I went hunting with him for about a week. In the evenings
he used to tell anecdotes about nearly all of the public men of the
country. Of Lincoln, Seward, Marsey, and about Kent, Walworth, and
the other judges of the state of New York. Also about Seymour,
Conklin, Tilden, and Charles O'Connor, and he had a marvelous
amount of knowledge about them. His fund of anecdotes seemed 1
inexhaustable. Besides this he had a great fund of knowledge of the
inside or secret history of decisions of the courts and in regard to
public measures. His mind was stored with this unwritten history
more fully than any other man I ever met with the one exception of
General Cass.
To the young man aspiring to eminence at the bar no better example
could be set before him than the achievements of Judge Holmes which
show that careful and continued study will make the good lawyer and
overcome all obstacles and personal deficiencies.
In his manner, when out of the court room and out of his office, he
was simple as a child. He was a man of simple truth. He had no
vein for romance or exaggeration. His conversation was modest, chaste
and delicate, yet highly interesting from the fullness of his store of
information.
REMINISCENCES OF OCEANA COUNTY.
BY HON. ENOCH T. MUGFORD.
Although still in the infancy of its development, Oceana county
possesses many advantages and attractions not enjoyed by other
236 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
counties in this great and growing State. It has passed from the
critical lumber stage of its existence, and is now fairly entered upon a
period of unsurpassed agricultural and horticultural prosperity. Washed
by the waters of Lake Michigan, the heat of summer and the rigors of
winter are modified, while the invigorating breezes from this great
body of water, fan the villages and country, sweeping away the germs
of malaria, making a climate delightful and healthy.
The surface is high and rolling. The soil sand and heavy clay loam
and light sand. The county is divided by a range of hills running
from the southwest to the northeast, making two water basins. From
the southeast the White river, fed by small -streams, takes its way to
White lake, while the two branches of the Pentwater river flow through
the northern and central portions of the county and empty into Pent-
water lake. These streams have been used in the past for transporting
millions of feet of logs from Oceana's grand forests to its great mills.
These streams flowing into the main river find their source in springs
which furnish waters favorable for the propagation of trout and other
fish. The grayling, next to the trout, is the most highly prized, and is
native to these waters. In 1878 some enterprising sportsman planted
in several of these streams 2,000 brook trout. In 1880, 9,000 more,
and in 1881, 75,000. The result of this has been astonishing. At the
present time the streams of Oceana county furnish the most delightful
fishing waters for sportsmen. Trout weighing from two to four and
one-half pounds have been caught; and as many as fifty in a day by
one person. The time is not far distant when these streams will have
a national reputation for their fish.
For agricultural purposes this county is adapted to the successful
cultivation of hay. Corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, and peas are as
successfully raised as in many of the southern counties of the State.
Potatoes and all kinds of vegetables are grown in perfection.
It is perhaps the adaptability of soil and climate for fruit raising
that has given this section its greatest reputation. The Michigan
fruit belt, as it is called, is a strip of territory extending along the
eastern shore of Lake Michigan from Benzie county on the north to
Berrien county on the south, and being from ten to twenty miles in
width. By an examination of the map of Michigan, it will be seen
that Oceana county lies about midway between the northern and
southern extremes, and it has the greatest projection into Lake Michi-
gan of any portion of the State.
The population of the county is 20,000. Its assessed valuation is
about $4,000,000. It has eighty-six school districts employing teachers
REMINISCENCES OP OOEANA COUNTY. 237
and four union schools. The school buildings as a general thing are
new, commodious and furnished with modern appliances. There are
twenty organizations having church edifices. There is invested in
manufacturing enterprises over $1,000,000 capital. There are four banks,
five flouring mills and five newspapers. The Chicago and West Michigan
railway traverses the county from its southern boundary to Pentwater,
its northern terminus. It has one lake harbor located at Pentwater,
repaired and maintained by government appropriation. The United
States also has a life saving station and lighthouse established at this
point, and a lighthouse at Petite Pt. Au Sable.
It has a fine large court house building located at Hart, the county
seat, and a poor farm in the same township, well improved, under a
good state of cultivation and with good commodious buildings. Stand-
ing upon the threshold of a new era in its development, it presents
three prominent characteristics that have attracted general attention
and which will have great influence upon its future growth and
prosperity. We here refer to its fish, fruit, and health. It has been
known in the past principally for its lumber productions, but from
this time it will be known as the center of Michigan's fruit belt, the
healthiest location in the state and a favorite resort for sportsmen.
In February. 1855, an act to provide for the organization of Oceana,
Mason, and Manistee counties was passed by the legislature and the
first election of county officers was held at Stony Creek (now Benona)
on the first Monday of April following, and consisted of the following
named persons: John Barr, sheriff; Amos R. Wheeler, treasurer;
Harvey Tower, clerk and register of deeds.
The act provided that when by a certain day named, the clerk
and register and treasurer elect should file their oaths of office with
each other, the official machinery of the county should begin to move,
having a legal existence.
On the last day of the time allowed for filing their oaths, the officers
elect with other prominent citizens met to consider the question
whether, after all, it was not better to remain attached to Ottawa for
judicial purposes, as the taxes then were light, than to incur the much
greater expense of supporting a separate county organization. But as
the people had expressed a desire to organize by electing county officers,
it was deemed best to perfect the organization.
How the oath was to be administered was a question that seemed
greatly to trouble some of the knowing ones. Anxious to avoid any
error that would vitiate the proceedings, they insisted that the officers
must be sworn in on the Bible; but to those upon whom devolved the
238 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
duty of qualifying that day there was a matter of greater concern than
the matter of administering the oath. The nearest officer qualified to
do that resided at White River, fifteen miles distant, the only road
being the sandy beach of Lake Michigan. Before a conclusion was
reached the clock numbered 2 p. m., and it took another hour at least
to obtain horses for the journey. About three o'clock Tower led oft*
mounted on his elegant " Brutus," Wheeler closely following on his less
showy, but more plucky, " Old Bob." Arriving at White River, after
some delay, Justice J. D. Stebbins was found, who going immediately
to his office administered the oath with great dignity. Meantime the
horses had rested and the officers, full fledged, save filing their oaths
of office, mounted their steeds for home, which they reached about ten
minutes before the time expired.
To say that the rain fell in torrents would give but a faint idea of
that storm encountered on the home stretch. I doubt if it ever rained
harder since the time of Noah. The clothing of the riders was wet
through and the water ran down filling their boots and running over
in streams. Arriving at Stony Creek we found the fire fair, blazing,
and the vestment warm, and the new treasurer, after his first official
act of filing the clerk's oath, came from an adjoining room with glass
and decanter in hand, remarking as he appeared: "Tower, I don't
believe a little good Bourbon would hurt either of us." What could
poor Tower do but take a little? Ye teetotalers, say say, ye severest,
what would ye have done?
The first board of supervisors was composed of the following persons
named: A. S. Anderson, of Claybanks, and Warren Wilder, of Stony
Creek, with Harvey Tower county clerk. There were raised for county
purposes three hundred dollars, and by a resolution established the
county seat at Whisky Creek and adjourned.
Claybanks was the first township organized by authority of an act of
the legislature of February 13, 1855. The first election took place the
2d day of April, 1855, supervisor, A. S. Anderson; clerk, Timothy
Brigham, Stony Creek (now Benona). The first township meeting
was held at the house of Amos R. Wheeler, April, 1855, with Harvey
Tower chairman. Warren Wilder was elected supervisor, and Malcom
Campbell clerk. Pentwater 'held its first town meeting at the house of
Edwin R. Cobb, April 7, 1856; E. R. Cobb was elected supervisor, and
James Dexter clerk. In 1858 Greenwood held its first town meeting at
the house of Wm. R. Wilson and elected Oliver Swain supervisor, and
Cyrus W. Bullen clerk. 1858 Eldridge (now Hart) held their first
REMINISCENCES OF OCEANA COUNTY. 239
town meeting at the house of S. G. Rollins and elected S. G. Rollins
supervisor and H. H. Fuller clerk.
ANECDOTE.
During the month of November, 1866, the Hon. A. B. Turner, then
as now, editor and proprietor of the Grand Rapids Eagle, having a
curiosity to learn something concerning the new territory north, made
a trip through Oceana county in the United States mail stage. Being
a gentleman of intelligent appearance, well dressed, and accompanying
the mail, and making frequent inquiries of the settlers, he was taken
to be a government officer and as such looked upon as an important
personage. Writing of this trip he says: "We drew up at a postoffice.
Here we are glad to get off and warm while the mail is changing.
The contents of a large bag are emptied on the floor and the postmas-
ter and his wife are down in the necessary posture assorting the
packages. We are in Oceana county, from which we have not heard
the result of the election, and we open a conversation thus:
"'Are you the postmaster here?'
" Receiving an affirmative reply we ask :
" ' How are political matters with you ?'
" Evidently understanding the question as referring only to himself
and family, promptly answers:
"'We are republicans, sir.'
"'Don't you support President Johnson?'
"'No, sir' (very curtly).
"Assuming an air of as much solemnity as possible we remarked that
'the president has a right to the support of the office-holders of the
country and that support is expected.' The postmaster here raises
himself to an erect position, full six feet high, and giving us a wither-
ing look square in the face, emphatically says:
" ' Sir, we don't keep principles for sale here, but you can have the
office if you like.'
" The wife keeps her recumbency but pauses in her work long enough
to give us a searching look over her spectacles and ejaculates:
" ' Guess you'll have hard work to find a Johnson man on this road
to make a postmaster of.'
" Our solemnity here gives out, but before an explanation can be
made to satisfy our friends that we are not an agent of the president
on a ' bread and butter ' mission we resume our seat in the stage and
proceed northward."
240 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
And no\s, brothers and sisters, fearing I have trespassed too long
upon your time and patience, I will listen to the experience of others.
REMINISCENCES OF MRS. NANCY B. WHITE, AS WRITTEN BY HERSELF.
Mr. President, Brother and Sister Pioneers:
I am of the opinion that as time passes we are inclined to dwell too
much upon the past. But today we are expected to recall some of
our pioneer experience, and I will try to do my part as best I can.
We started the first of May, 1857, from Erie county, N. Y., for
western Michigan. We were the first to start from the home nest, and
our parents thought we could hardly have made a poorer selection; we
would have fever and ague and mosquitoes to contend with, besides
other hardships too numerous to mention. This was the encouragement
we had to commence with.
However we (husband, myself, and two little boys, the oldest not
quite four and baby sixteen months old) started Monday morning, after
bidding parents, brothers, sisters, and friends a sad good by. By boat on
lakes and rivers; by rail, stage, and private conveyance, we arrived
at Nelson Green's, in Claybanks, the eleventh day from the time we
left home, a distance we can now pass over in twenty-four hours.
To me that journey was the most trying of my pioneer experience.
Most of the petty trials I could laugh at, but not that. The hardest
was by stage from St. Johns, the terminus by rail, to Lyons, eighteen
miles, where we took a flat boat on Grand river.
The stage was two lumber wagons; the women and children rode in
one, the men and baggage in the other; so I had to carry the heavy
baby alone. Mr. White had to walk a good part of the way and help
to lift the wagons out of the mud. We were the best part of two
days going that eighteen miles. But I will not go over that journey
farther.
The third day after our arrival at Mr. Green's we took up our abode
on the plains, where we stayed until the fifth day of July. There
were seven miles of road to cut through an unbroken wilderness before
we could reach our land. I have heard Mr. White say that was
"quite a chore." He had no help to commence with but millions of
mosquitoes. But Providence favored us, I think. About the third
week after he commenced work, Mr. J. M. Wilson came from Lenawee
county with his wife and three children. He had taken land just
north of us and would help to cut the road. This was company we
appreciated.
Our living while there was very plain. We had started some
REMINISCENCES OF OCEANA COUNTY. 241
provisions around the lakes but they did not reach Grand Haven until
late in June, owing to ice in the straits; then it took some time to get
them hauled.
I distinctly remember one incident that occurred while we were on
the plains. It became necessary for us to have supplies from Mr.
Green's so we wives prevailed upon our husbands to let us go for them
while they took care of the babies. They said something about our
not knowing enough to find our way there. I had been over the trail
or wagon road twice, but it was covered with leaves. So we kissed the
babies and started very early. Thought to be back by noon. We had
a few rods to go before reaching the road, then we started in ,the
opposite direction. This seems strange to me now, but I suppose we
were so elated over the idea of seeing some neighbors, and perhaps
hearing some news from outside, that we did not even look up. Well,
we walked and walked until the thought occurred to us that we were
lost. That we knew by the sun. But we were so turned we did not
know the direction. Finally we retraced our steps for a time, but
failed to find the path where we entered the road. So we turned again
and kept straight ahead, and finally came out at Carl ton's mill. We
got something to eat, had a good laugh over our shortsightedness, and
started back, found the path that led to our shanty, stuck up a stick
to mark the place if it was dark when we returned, and went on to
Mr. Green's, got our provisions and started back in a hurry. We got
home about dark, feeling less confidence than we started out with.
We had walked about twenty miles, the men judged. We were very
foot- sore for a number of days, but thankful we did not have to stay
out over night.
To go back, the third day of July the men said: " We will start a
load of lumber for the woods tomorrow." "Could I go on the load?"
I said, " Yes, it will save three dollars in gold*" So in the morning
we started for our future home. It took some time to go over that
seven miles. Mr. White was already there clearing off a place for our
shanty. He had stayed the night before under some boughs. We were
very hungry by the time we got there. We could not cook for the
emergency as we now do, but I had some bread baked and we had
some potatoes, for which we paid two dollars per bushel, some pork at
fifty dollars per barrel, and we never knew, when we went to the barrel,
what part of the hog we should find. Flour was twelve dollars per
barrel, spring wheat, and poor quality at that. Those were the prices
and kind of provisions furnished us in those days. This was under
'61
242 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Buchanan's administration, with no protection. Well, they set the stove
up on its legs, built a fire, and I proceeded to get some dinner. After
it was nearly ready we happened to think we had nothing with
which to eat our potatoe and gravy. Abel, our little boy, said, "I can
whittle a paddle." And paddles it was. We did not eat many meals
in this primitive way for we had some of the necessaries when our
goods came.
We soon had a roof over our heads; it did not shed rain, but it was
tolerably comfortable. I wanted a door, but the lumber did not hold
out so we substituted a blanket. There was no animal found its way
in, but one night we were awakened by a hoarse grunt at the blanket.
Mr. White got up and found an Indian. He said he wanted some
water. We gatfe him a kettle full and he laid outside until the next
day, when he was able to walk away. He came from the trading post.
I do not think he was a prohibitionist. This made me a little timid
for a time, but we never had another visit of that sort. I did not
state we left Mrs. Wilson sick on the plains. In about two weeks she
was brought up on a bed and for a long time we did not expect her
to get well. The first of August Mr. White started in pursuit of a
cow. He was gone just a week and drove home a cow and calf from
Ionia, for which he paid forty dollars. As we remember, that was a
long week.
The llth day of August our house was raised; thirty-six years ago
this coming August. There was not a man to help but came seven
miles. The house still stands, a shelter for farming tools, and the roof
still tight. Here we spent many happy days; yes, blissful days, with
no serious interruptions as far as our own family was concerned.
After we were fairly located we had a good many chances to enter-
tain land-lookers. The first, I believe, was Mr. Lake, of Crystal Lake,
and his father, then an old man, and I believe he has but recently
passed away at a very advanced age. Such visits were always a treat
as they helped to break the monotony of our shut-in life. They
generally came hungry, but we always had enough to place before
them, however frugal.
One Monday night I recall, five men came in as we were about
ready for bed. They came from the lake shore, where they had landed
from a sail boat, and said they were almost starved. We soon had a
fire and some potatoes and meat cooking. But I was without bread,
having eaten the last for supper. The quickest way to supply the
place was, I thought, to fry pancakes, so I stirred up a pan of batter
and seating them at the table commenced to fry. I soon emptied the
REMINISCENCES OP OCEAN A COUNTY. 243
pan, and finally a second pan before their appetites were appeased.
They had considerable fun over it, but I believe that was about where
the fun carne in. However, I think most of them, if not all, located
land near us.
In 1863 was held our first school in Mr. Wilson's house, taught by
Christie McArthur, a sister of Mrs. McNabb, for three dollars per
week, with seven children. Our rate bill was thirteen dollars and a
fraction for two scholars. About this time Elder Darling came with
his young wife and baby girl. This was a joyful event. I recall with
what pleasure we prepared our whole family for meeting. He worked
hard and earnestly for our good, with but a small pittance with which
to supply his temporal wants. I wish to speak of a contagious fever
that broke out in the families of Messrs. Eagle, Hill and Wheeler, six
miles east of us.
This was a gloomy time; in the year 1865, I think. It raged all summer
and until snow came in early winter. There were not enough well
ones to take comfortable care of the sick. Mrs. Carpenter and myself
walked that road over a good many times to help care for them as best
we could. Doctors Jenks and Powers doctored them and preached
their funeral sermons, for in that time seven were buried from our
sight, three mothers, one father, and three children. Many more were
sick, but they wore the disease out. I remember one morning Mr.
Wilson came in very early, he said: " Well, White, can you find
boards for another coffin." I listened with fear and trembling.
"Mrs. Wheeler died last night," was what he said. Yes, they made
the coffin in our shop, stained it with camwood, found something
white to line it with, and it was a fit receptacle for Mrs. Wheeler. In
August my dear friend, Mrs. Wilson, was taken from us, but she had
set her house in order and was prepared. She was a good woman,
beloved by all who knew her, especially the children. They loved her
next to their own mothers. She never had -a morsel she would not
divide with them. I believe she went to her reward. Mr. White went
to White Hall and stayed for a coffin to be made for her. Mr. Pratt
preached a good funeral sermon.
We lived in the old log house until we outgrew it. The trundlebed
still stands in the chamber, and the children cherish what was once
their trundlebed. In the fall of 1873 we moved " out of the old house
into the new." The children were much elated and their father
thought I was unnecessarily long in making ready to move, but I fain
would linger upon the threshold. Here our three little girls were born,
and our three boys had grown almost to manhood. But I will not stop
244 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
to moralize, but will say that, unlike our former move, we had prepared
a good supper, and an extension table in the house around which our
own family, eight in number, 'clustered for the first time with plenty
of elbow room.
EARLY FRENCH MISSIONS ON THE SAGINAW
BY FRED CARLISLE.
Some time since, at the suggestion of Judge Miller, of Bay City,
" That it was his belief missions had been planted by the French and
that they nourished at a very early day on the banks of Saginaw river
and its tributaries," the writer took occasion to investigate as to facts
in history leading to a confirmation of his opinion.
He finds that as early as 1540 Jacques Cartier, or Quartier, knew
about the lower peninsular as the Sagihnaw region. Subsequently that
Champlain in 1611 had described the safe harbor afforded by the
Saginaw river from the stormy waters of a bay, which formed a part
of a great inland body of water, connecting two larger bodies of fresh
water which he denominated as " seas," and in his rough map, from
which copies have been made and which is now in the office of the
French Marine, he has delineated the mouth of that river as correctly
as the maps of the present day. These facts would seem to warrant a
full knowledge on the part of the French of that stream at a very
early period.
Faillon (French) in his history of Canada refers to the Sagihnaw
country and to the salt springs at the junction of two large rivers,
which were the resorts of the Indian tribes of all the region between
Lakes Michigan and Huron.
He farther says: "That in 1684 a large body of farmers and
artisans came from France, that a portion were sent to the Sagihnaw
country, that with them were five Jesuit fathers, who were instructed
to found missions in all that country between St. Ignace and Lake
Erie." From these statements we must infer that the region of the
EARLY FRENCH MISSIONS ON THE SAGINAW. 245
Saginaw valley would be an important point at which to establish a
mission. In addition we know that in 1686 the Jesuits Engelrau and
M. Perrott were exceedingly active in establishing missions and
depots in all the country between the missions at Cheboygan and St.
Ignace and the islands of Lake Erie, now known as "Put-in-Bay." and
the query is, would they pass the valley which was resorted to by the
Chippewas, Pottawatamies, Hurons, Ottawas, the Sacs of the upper
peninsula, the Fox and Illinois Indian tribes, for the salt which that
region was known to produce?
But coming down to a later period, we find that when in 1819
General Cass called the Chippewas and Pottawatamies together at
Saginaw certain reservations were made, as follows:
Treaty with the Chippewas at Saginaw, September 24, 1819.
RESERVATIONS.
For use of John Riley, the son of Me-naw-cum-e-goqua, a Chippewa woman, 640
acres of land, beginning at the head of the first marsh above the mouth of the
Saginaw river on the east side thereof.
For the use of Peter Riley, the son of Me-naw-cum-e-goqua, a Chippewa woman,
640 acres of land, beginning above and adjoining the apple trees on the west side
of the Saginaw river, and running up the same for the quantity.
For the use of James Riley, son of the sacne Chippewa woman, 640 acres begin-
ning on the east side of the Saginaw River, nearly opposite to Campau's trading
house, and running up the river for quantity.
For the use of Kaw-kaw-is-kon, or the Crow, 640 acres on the east side of Sag-
igaw river at a place called Me-ni-te-gow and to include in said 640 acres the
island opposite.
Fort St. Joseph, at the head of St. Clair river, was built by Da Luth under the
direction of Denouville in 1686. Two years prior there had arrived at Quebec a
large number of immigrants who were farmers and artisans and a number of priests
of the Jesuit order, and the Jesuit Engelrau was instructed to establish missions
throughout the Saginaw region, which he did. Rev. Faillon's History of Canada
and Prominent men.
Iii the memoirs of Captain Whitmore Kaaggs, he states in respect
to the reservations made to the Riley family: "That John was a man
sixty years of age. Peter was at least fifty-eight. Both told him that
the ' apple trees,' which formed a point in the boundaries of the lands
which were reserved for them, bore apples when they were boys. That
Kaw-kaw-is-kou, their chief, said they were grown or brought there by
4 men who wore long black robes coming below the knees, white men,
whom they knew as Onetia.' "
Assuming that all tlie statements, in reference to those made by the
246 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
biographer of "Quartier," "of Champlain," "of Engelrau," "Perrott,"and
the history of Faillon to be well based, taken in connection with the
physical facts, that the pear and " apple trees " found at the forks of
the Tittabawassee, Flint, Shiawassee, and Saginaw by General Cass
and Whitmore Knaggs, as early as 1819, must have been over sixty
years of age, and the further fact that the existence of saline springs
at these points was well known to the early white explorers and
missionaries and was traditional with the Indians of- Illinois, and all
the northwestern tribes, that for a long period prior to Du Luth's
construction of Fort St. Joseph at the outlet of Lake Huron in 1786 r
the Chippewas had their permanent villages on the banks of these
streams, we must reach the conclusion that the Jesuit missionaries and
the Recollet fathers would utilize this locality and make it important
as a permanent stopping place between the upper and lower peninsulas.
SKETCH OF JOHN TANNEB, KNOWN AS THE "WHITE
INDLAN."
BY JUDGE JOSEPH H. STEERE.
The legislature of this commonwealth did some strange things in the
days long since gone by; in fact, even now we find those who, actuated,
perhaps, by partisan prejudice, are ready to insinuate that wisdom has
not altogether died with the legislatures of these latter .days.
On July 30, A. D. 1880, the legislative council of the territory of
Michigan, after mature deliberation and discussion, passed a law
entitled, "An act authorizing the sheriff of Chippewa county to per-
form certain duties therein mentioned."
The constitutional lawyers throughout the State who are not criticis-
ing, with technical zeal, the enactments of the legislature which
recently adjourned, would no doubt take delight in urging that the
object of the law was not clearly expressed in its title. This would
SKETCH OP JOHN TANNER. 247
seem to be true even to the casual reader; but the modest obscurity of
the title is compensated by the specific provisions of the act itself.
The law authorized the sheriff of Chippewa county to remove Martha
Tanner, daughter of John Tanner, of Sault Ste. Marie, to some mis-
sionary establishment, or such other place of safety as he may deem
expedient, provided said Martha should consent; and in the second
paragraph of the act, the said John Tanner was honored by what is
probably the only law ever passed in America attaching criminal con-
sequences to injuries to a single private person in the following
language:
" Sec. 2. That any threats of the said John Tanner to injure the
said Martha Tanner, or any person or persons with whom she may be
placed * * shall be deemed a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court."
And so it came to pass, pursuant to the provisions of the statute in
such case made and provided and in spite of any constitutional objec-
tions which John may have argued, that Martha was taken by the
sheriff to a certain missionary establishment, where she was cared for and
educated. A half breed herself, she became a teacher in the Indian
schpols of northern Michigan, lived a long and useful life, dying but a
few years ago on Mackinaw Island, honored and respected; but, as Bud-
yard Kipling delights to interject, that is another story.
I propose to tell you a little of John Tanner, her father, and but a
little of that which might be told.
His story, more than once written, is fraught with all the fascinating
details of captivity among the Indians, of savage warfare, of hunting
and trapping, of long and adventurous journeys into the then far and
unknown wilderness. You will find it in many books and parts of
books, closely identified with the early history of Michigan, now mostly
old, out of print and seldom read.
Men, then of national reputation, who yet live in history, interested
themselves in the strange career of this strange man.
In this locality where he long lived and from which he mysteriously
disappeared, many traditions of him yet linger with the older inhabitants.
Let me give you the first and last chapters in his life, as they come
to us through written history or from the lips of aged men who yet
delight to dwell upon the exciting incidents of his story as known to
them.
It was shortly after the birth of this nation, over one hundred years
ago, at a settlers' clearing on the then frontier in Kentucky, near the
mouth of the Big Miami on the Ohio river, that a little boy, left at the
248 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
irksome task of tending the baby, stole away from his parents' cabin to
gather walnuts under a tree which stood in the edge of the woods at
the side of the field.
Indians were troublesome to the settlers in those times and some
had been seen lurking around the clearings. The child had been
instructed not to leave the house, but the sun was bright outside, the
day warm and pleasant, the baby was cross, he wanted the walnuts and
did not know that the Indians wanted him. He had partly filled his
straw hat with the nuts he was gathering, when he was suddenly seized
from behind by strong, savage hands, terrified into silence, and swiftly
borne away into the thicket. His captors made rapid marches to the
north and safely eluding pursuit, returned with the child to their own
country. His absence was soon discovered, the little pile of nuts which
fell from his hat under the tree were found, with moccasin tracks near
by; it was readily understood that he was kidnapped by the Indians.
The alarm was given, frontiersmen gathered, and the abductors were
followed through the forest for several days, but all in vain. The
parents of the boy never saw or heard of him again. The woods had
swallowed him up and there the matter ended. Their distress was said
to have been great. They long mourned him as one dead, and died
sorrowing over the uncertainty of his taking off.
The child was John Tanner, the subject of this sketch, son of the
Rev. John Tanner, a clergyman from Virginia, who, under the impulse
of western emigration, which followed the close of the revolutionary
war, had crossed the mountains and settled in the fertile valley of the
Ohio.
Over half a century later, on the 5th of July, 1846, the quiet little
outpost of Sault Ste. Marie, situated at the outlet of Lake Superior, at
the beautiful falls of the St. Mary's river, was thrown into a state of
unusual excitement by the cold blooded murder of one of its leading
citizens, named James Schoolcraft, a brother of the well known author,
Henry R. Schoolcraft.
He was walking from his residence down a path towards a field he
had been clearing near by. Bushes fringed the way and the assassin
fired from an ambush at close range, inflicting upon his victim a
mortal wound in the side, close below the shoulder. An ounce ball
and three buckshot passed nearly through his body. Schoolcraft was a
strong, athletic man in the prime of life. He made one great leap
forward and fell dead on his face. So violent was his last dying spring,
made on receiving the unexpected shot, that a pair of light slippers
which he wore were cleared from his feet and left sitting side by side
SKETCH OF JOHN TANNER. 249
where he stood when the shot was fired. No one witnessed the deed,
but the gun had been heard and the body was shortly after discovered.
Among others who gathered on the spot was Omer D. Conger, late
senator from Michigan, then a young man connected with a surveying
party on the lakes. He exercised his engineering skill by making a
diagram of the scene of the murder.
It was known that a bitter enmity existed between Schoolcraft and a
Lieutenant Tilden, then serving at Fort Brady. They had been
involved in jealousies over some woman. The buck and ball cartridge
was then used in the army and it appeared that the killing was done
by a government cartridge fired from an army musket. At first in the
minds of some a slight suspicion rested on the officer.
But it was also known that a former government interpreter, named
John Tanner, called the " White Indian," bore some grudge against the
Schoolcraft family. Suspicion was easily diverted to him.
He was a strange, mysterious, unsocial character, who had lived in arid
around the place for many years. Though a white man he shunned
the whites. His habits and characteristics were those of an Indian.
He spoke their tongue fluently, possessed all the arts of hunting, fish-
ing, camping, and general woodcraft belonging to the most skillful
savage and excelled them in their own pursuits. Zet he despised
Indians and would not associate with them. He then had no family
and lived alone in a small house below the town, near the little rapids.
An investigation disclosed that his house had been burned the day
before and he could not be found. This was taken as conclusive proof
'.that he had committed the murder. A vigorous search was at once
instituted for him. Everyone armed and went out; the country was
scoured in search of him; the soldiers from Fort Brady were turned out
under Lieutenant Tilden, who enthusiastically led in the hunt. Some
western Indians returning to their own country from Georgian Bay,
where they had been visiting, were then passing. They were known
as skillful hunters and great warriors; their services were enlisted in
the pursuit. The search carried on by skillful hunters both white and
red, is said to have been far reaching and long, continued, but in vain.
From that day to .this no man ever saw John Tanner. Where he went,
or where, or when, or how he died, or his final resting place no man
knows of a certainty.
His last disappearance was, to those who knew him here, as profound
a mystery as was his first to his sorrowing parents, when as a child he
left them in their cabin home in Kentucky.
32
250 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893,
i
It is true that many rumors were in the air of his having been seen
and heard. .
A squaw gathering moss in the thicket near the town a few days
after the murder came home in terror and reported seeing him skulk-
ing away with dead grass and bushes tied around him, in a manner he
often practiced when hunting, so that he was scarcely to be discerned
from the surrounding vegetation.
Some belated Indians coming along the shore from Lake Superior in
their canoes after night, reported seeing his camp fire shine through
the trees and hearing him singing Indian songs. Rumors came that
he had made his way back to the northwest and been seen among
the Indians in the Hudson Bay territory; but all attempts to follow
up and verify those clews resulted in nothing.
Many years later a Frenchman named Gurnoe. while searching in
the woods above the town for a lost pony, found a skeleton with two
gun barrels, some coins, a flint and steel, and other trinkets near it.
Fire had long ago passed over the spot, destroying the gun stocks and
other articles which would burn.
Some parties claimed to identify the effects found as those of Tanner.
Others maintain to the contrary and the mystery yet remains without
definite solution.
Strangest of all, Lieutenant Tilden, shortly after ordered to the
southwest to join in the Mexican war, confessed upon his death-bed
that it was he who assassinated Schoolcraft.
Such are the first and last chapters in the career of one of the most
peculiar characters ever identified with the history of Michigan.
The Indians who stole Tanner were Michigan Chippewas, from the
Saginaw river. The leader of the party desired to secure a white child
for his wife, to take the place of a son who had recently died. They
fled with him back to Michigan and he was adopted by the woman,
who seemed delighted to receive a boy so near the same age as the
one she had lost. She endeavored to treat him kindly, but he wa&
starved, beaten, overworked, and otherwise cruelly treated by the male
members of the family. At one time the man, who had stolen him, cut
him down with his tomahawk in a fit of anger and left him for dead.
To the treatment he received while with those Indians has been
ascribed the suspicious, sullen and morose temperament which he at
times manifested.
With those people he wandered up and down through Michigan for
several years, learning their language and mode of life. He was finally
purchased from them by a prominent Ottawa woman, who lived near
SKETCH OP JOHN TANNER. 251
where Petoskey now stands. She paid for him a ten gallon keg of
rum and some other small articles of barter. She treated him kindly
and he remained with her as long as she lived. With her and some
of her peoplj of the Traverse region, he emigrated to the Red River
country. He married an Indian girl and had several children, one of
whom was the Martha already mentioned. He had at least two sons; 1
one became a missionary among the Red River Indians, and one,
also named John Tanner, enlisted at Sault Ste. Marie during the late
rebellion and was killed in the second battle of Bull Run.
One of the Indians he met and with whom he hunted in the North-
west was a chief named Pe-shaw-ba, from Traverse Bay. His name
yet lives in that region.
In 1816 he rendered valuable services to Lord Selkirk in guiding
reinforcements through the wilderness to the Red River settlements
and in recapturing Fort Douglass, then held by the Northwestern Fur
company, with which Selkirk was at war. Selkirk became interested
in him and obtained sufficient data from which to institute a search
for Tanner's people.
Selkirk visited Kentucky, published a circular in western papers, dis-
covered the living members of the family and sent Tanner to them.
He was then so thorough an Indian and ..so _ enured to savage life that
he was not long content to stay with his people. He soon returned to
the Indian country in the wild regions of northern Michigan.
General Cass and other prominent men, became interested in him.
He was at different times in the service of the government as an inter-
preter, and also acted in that capacity for various missionaries. He was
at times employed by the fur companies and Indian traders. He made
his home at Sault Ste. Marie and while there married a white wife,
with whom he lived but a short time.
Much interest was taken in his story and he became a fruitful topic
for the paragraphers of the day.
In 1830 Dr. Edward James, post surgeon at Fort Mackinac, pub-
lished a " Narrative of the captivity and adventures of John Tanner,"
as related to him by Tanner. The work contains Tanner's portrait,
and the incidents of his life, together with lengthy disquisitions upon
the history, habits, traditions, languages, political organizations, etc., of
the various Indian tribes.
In 1883, this work was re-written by Dr. James McCauley, modern-
ized and popularized, into a genuine Indian story of the day for boys.
It was put forth in a flaming binding of green and gold, under the taking
title of, "Grey Hawk; Life and Adventures among the Red Indians.'*
252 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
It is a source of congratulation that the author kindly informs the
reader what color the Indians were. It was evidently his design to
work as much crimson into the book as possible.
Among those who met and wrote of Tanner, a great diversity of
opinion prevails as to his character. Some regarded him as a treacherous,
dishonest, dangerous savage of the basest sort; others ascribe to him
every noble and generous quality.
The first writer who seems to have noticed and mentioned him was
Daniel W. Harmon, a fur trader, who lived many years in the North-
west, and made many extensive journeys to distant tribes, in pursuit of
his calling. His journal was published in 1820. He met Tanner on
the upper Assiniboine river in 1801, and recorded in his diary as
follows :
" This day, there came here an American, that, when a small child,
was taken from his parents, who then resided in the Illinois country.
He was kidnapped by the Santeaux with whom he has resided ever
since, he speaks no other language except theirs. He is now about
twenty years of age, and is regarded as chief among the tribe. He
dislikes to hear people speak to him respecting his white relations, and
in every respect but color he resembles the savages with whom he
resides. He is said to be an excellent hunter. He remains with an
old woman, who, soon after he was taken from his relations adopted
him into her family; and they appear to be mutually as fond of each
other, as if they were actually mother and son."
In 1824 Professor Keating published a narrative of the second
expedition of Major Long (made the year previous by order of John
C. Calhoun, secretary of war), to the source of the St. Peters river,
Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, etc.
The party met Tanner at Rainy Lake, where he was recovering from
a gun shot wound, inflicted in his arm by an Indian, said to have been
instigated by Tanner's wife. The author devotes considerable space to
a sketch of his life. He says: ** At Rainy Lake we met wi.h a man
whose interesting adventures deserve to be made known to the public.
We had heard at various places of a citizen of the United States who
had been at an early age taken prisoner by a party of Indians, and
who, having been educated among them, had acquired their language,
habits and manners to the exclusion of those of his own country."
Professor Keating seems to have formed a high opinion of his
character, he says:
" He never had been seen to taste of ardent spirits, or to smoke a
pipe. Instead of purchasing trifles and gewgaws as is customary with
SKETCH OF JOHN TANNER. 253
Indians, he devoted the products of his hunts, which were always
successful, to the acquisition of articles of clothing useful to himself,
to his adopted mother and to his relations. In his intercourse with
traders he appears to have been honorable, and this reflects more credit
upon him as it was at a time when an active competition between rival
traders frequently induced them to stimulate the Indians to frauds
which affected their opponents. Of his attachment to his children he
gave strong proof. There is a feature in his character which we have
not alluded to, and as it is honorable to him we should be loath to
omit it. We allude to his warm gratitude for all those who have
at various times manifested kindness to him. His affection for his
Indian mother and for her family was great. Of Lord Selkirk he
always spoke with much feeling. To Dr. McLaughlin he appeared
sincerely attached."
And so that author goes on, ascribing to him all the cardinal virtues.
Dr. James and other authors have written of him in the same vein.
But it so happens that the opinions of the critics waver somewhat
upon that point, and plenty of authority can be found to the contrary.
Henry R. Schoolcraft, the Indian historian, died in the belief that
Tanner killed his brother. He naturally entertained great bitterness
towards him, and in his book of personal memoirs, entitled "Thirty
Years With the Indian Tribes," he thus takes the romance out of
Tanner's history: "He is now a grey-headed, hard featured, old man,
whose fWlings are at war with everyone on earth, white or red. Every
attempt to meliorate his manners and Indian notions has failed. He
has invariably misapprehended them, and is more suspicious, revengeful
and bad tempered than any Indian I ever knew. Dr. James, who
made, by the way, a mere pack horse of Indian opinions of him, did
not suspect his fidelity, and put many things in his narrative which
made the whites about St. Mary's call him an old liar. This enraged
him against the doctor, whom he threatened to kill. He had served
me awhile as an interpreter, and while thus employed he went to
Detroit, and was pleased with a country girl, who was a chamber ,maid
at old Ben. Woodworth's hotel. He married her, but after having one
child, and living with him a year she was glad to escape with life, and
under plea of a visit, made some arrangement with the ladies of Fort
Brady to slip off on board of a vessel and so eluded him. The legis-
lature afterwards granted her a divorce. He blamed me for the escape
though I was entirely ignorant of its execution. Eight years afterwards,
in July, 1816, this lawless vagabond waylaid and shot my brother
James, having concealed himself in a cedar thicket."
254 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
This view of the case seems to be presented with a tincture of
acrimony, but if it was not true, Tanner certainly had an invincible
case of libel for heavy damages, for defamation of character, against
the renowned author.
The weight of oral tradition in this locality seems, though not
unanimous, to rather sustain Schoolcraft's theory. It may perhaps be
illustrated, if not summed up, in the answer, more pointed than polite,
given me by a back-woods philosopher, who knew Tanner personally.
"Tanner," he said, after some reflection, "was a regular Injun; more of
an Injun than any of the Injuns, and a d d mean Injun too."
This same philosopher, I regret to state, did not take an optimistic
view of the Indian question. He concluded his reminiscences of Tan-
ner with a generality, worthy of the consideration of those who have
to do with the Indian problem, and which, shorn of certain improper
adjectives, was to the effect, that it is a very easy, short job to make
an Indian of a white man; but when you try to make a white man of
an Indian that is a different thing.
The many interesting details and incidents of adventure in Tanner's
story, are beyond the scope of this article. Those curious enough to
inquire further, will find them in abundance in the works already
referred to, in "Neil's History of Minnesota," "Campbell's Political
History of Michigan," "The History of the Upper Peninsula of Mich-
igan," Yols. 2 and 4 of the "Michigan Pioneer Collections," Dr. Bryce's
"Sketch of Tanner," Lanman's "In the Wilderness," "Life on the
Lakes" by the author of "Legends of a Log Cabin," and in the secular
press of July, 1846.
As the stories run, I take it, Tanner's last days were his worst days.
He viewed the issues of life from the Indian standpoint. A veritable
savage in all his thoughts and habits, association with the border whites,
after he had grown to manhood, worked in him those results we so
often see in like cases. He lost many of the virtues of the race with
which he was reared and, unfortunately, acquired only the vices of the
whites. Measured by the standard of the savage he excelled in the
qualities they admired. To civilized and refined sensibilities there was
little of the noble or heroic in him.
To the curious, seeking but entertainment in the marvelous, the
striking and unusual incidents of his life are well fitted to "adorn a
tale;" to the thoughtful and studious they "point a moral'' in many
ways.
WHEN I WAS A BOY WITH A HEAD LIKE TOW. 255
WHEN I WAS A BOY WITH A HEAD LIKE TOW.
BY U. B. WEBSTER.
[Poem written for the Farmers' Institute at Berrien Springs, February 9-11, 1893.]
Things are not now as they used to be
For progress is making us wise, you see,
For a day of progress is over the land
And we see its results on every hand.
Yes, the things of our youth have passed away,
For "Every dog must have his day."
So the tallow dip has yielded to gas,
And that old fire-place has gone, alas!
The "old oaken bucket" and well sweep, too,
At the old red farmhouse no more we view,
That threshing machine that piled the chaff
Today would make all the people laugh,
For a traction engine has come this way
That knocks out two thousand bushels a day.
And a sulky plow on which to ride,
On all modern farms is the farmer's pride.
And a hot weather stove that runs by gas,
A mighty fine thing for the cooking class.
The old stage coach with its horses four,
That rattled along in the days of yore,
The linchpin wagon of days gone by .
On the farms of progress no more we spy,
For we speed along without "if" or "but,"
And all of us try to get out of the "rut,"
To find by progression a better way,
And that's what brings us all here today.
256 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
But in days gone by we never had need
Of a "farmers' institute," indeed,
They never considered a change of thought,
And such a convention they could not have brought.
For men couldn't think as men do now,
And the women, to stay at home, knew how.
To speak in meeting, they mustn't, oh my!
The girls were too modest, the matrons too shy;
In the doctrines of Paul they firmly believed,
"Be silent," "heads covered," let none be aggrieved.
So the women kept still in that primitive day
And the men in their meetings had little to say,
For their means of progression were simple and few,
They found out by the hardest what little they knew.
No railroads, no telegraph lightning dispatch,
No news from a distance which quickly we catch,
No traveling by steamers, no sailing away
To visit far countries, as we do today,
No longing desire to journey or roam,
But all were contented to labor at home;
From sun in the morning till darkness at eve,
The chopping or plowing they never would leave.
But when the day had waned apace,
They gathered around the fireplace,
With its cheerful blaze so cozy and warm
And the family all, a household swarm,
Not one or two as they now think best,
But girls and boys " till you couldn't rest."
For this scripture then they bore in mind,
"Replenish the earth with your own mankind."
And one of our number read aloud
From a book or paper, to all that crowd;
For times weren't then as they are today,
When a dozen papers find their way
To the farmers' homes in all this land,
And there's one for each of the household band.
WHEN I WAS A BOY WITH A HEAD LIKE TOW. 257
Of a book or paper we all were proud,
So a sweet voiced sister read aloud
And the rest all listened with eager ear
For that much prized story they wanted to hear,
While dear old grandmother knitted away
Through the long winter evening 'that closed the day.
And when it was time for all to retire
The last thing to do was to cover the fire,
For matches were dear then, not plenty and cheap,
So we covered the fire that through night it would keep
And I well remember how neighbors would come
To borrow some fire, when they had none at home,
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
And I went off to school in that old log house,
All day I was silent, as still as a mouse,
For the master was cruel, a grim old c s,
And I didn't dare make a bit of a fuss,
As I sat on a bench that was made of a slab
And never from me came a word of gab.
So I sat in silence as still as a rat,
Not even daring my eyes to bat,
And my roost on that perch I dare not leave
From nine o'clock till four at eve,
But twice each day he said to me,
'* Come here, sir," and stand beside my knee.
Now watch while I point to these letters here,
And speak out their names, now, loud and clear.
I trembled in fear while standing there,
As afraid of him as I was of a bear,
And I said as he pointed, a, b, c,
And clear down the line to x, y, z.
And it took a whole year to firmly fix
In my little noddle those twenty- six.
Then the big boys read of that boy in the tree,
And " Old Tray " that got caught in bad company.
And we all remember that blue beech gad
That he plied on our backs, if the least bit bad,
33
258 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
And we held out our hands for that hickory rule
Or sat in disgrace on the dunce's stool.
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
And that team of oxen, old "Buck and Bright,"
And that old ox cart, a novel sight,
With its big linchpin and butterflies
For a load of hay of monstrous size,
So one yoke of oxen was chained behind
To hold back down hill, which was rather unkind.
Then we sowed our wheat from a homespun bag
And harrowed it in with an old crotch drag,
And we cut our grain with a " turkey wing,"
For a reaper, then, was an unknown thing,
And we threshed it out in that tedious way
With the swinging flail in that bygone day.
Then the / mowers kept stroke with the swinging blade,
And we ate our lunch in the generous shade.
There was no such thing as a horse rake then
So the hay was all raked by sturdy men,
And I raked after the loading cart
To gather up locks that fell apart.
And I rode a horse to plow the corn
Till I wished in my heart I never was born,
From morn till night, day after day,
Till in certain parts I was worn away.
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head of tow.
And^we sheared the sheep and carded the wool,
And the field of flax we had to pull,
And break it, and hatchel, and comb, and spin,
And weave into cloth that was kind o' thin,
Of a brownish gray, but 'twas good and stout
And it took a long time to wear it out,
And when it was worn at the knees or seat,
Why, mother would patch it so nice and neat,
That what Bobby Burns said, really was true,
That " Auld clothes were e'en-a'-most good as the new.
WHEN I WAS A BOY WITH A HEAD LIKE TOW. 259
And this kind of clothing the men and boys wore
Through the summer months, as I said before,
Both pants and shirts, and the women, too,
Wore this for garments hid from view.
In winter 'twas linsy the women all wore
And they never once thought of goods from the store,
And the men wore "jeans," half cotton and half wool,
For store cloths cost, and the purse wasn't full.
Then sweet honey we had from industrious bees
And our sugar was made from the sap giving trees,
But all were contented and happy and strong
And each helped the other on life's way along.
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head of tow.
Then we went to church in that good old way,
And heard two sermons every day.
The minister stood in a pulpit high,
And the singers all sat in the gallery,
And he always talked of the wrath of God,
And his face was as long as a mortar hod.
He said we must flee from the wrath of sin
Or the old Satan would surely gather us in.
He said we would burn in a liquid fire
Where the flames forever rose higher and higher,
That the Devil stood on the caldron's edge
A constant war with his victims to wage,
And when they would swim to either side,
Old nick would fork them back into the tide;
But never a lisp of that sweet word love,
But wrath, all was wrath from the Father above,
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
But the work of Christ is a work of love
And that long faced preacher has gone up above,
So today the minister shakes our hand,
And his sermon cheers, and his smile is bland,
And he preaches to us some common sense
For the love of God he is called to dispense.
260 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Love lies at the bottom of all God's ways,
And preachers have learned that it always pays
To preach of God's love, and not of his hate,
For love is the greatest of the great,
And earth might be like that world above
If all mankind was taught to love.
In the rushing path of progress we go
And the world is improving as all well know,
For the primitive things of days gone by
We never should grieve, we never should sigh,
But keep in the drift, keep up with the times
In methods of labor or methods of rhymes.
To the singing school we used to go
Over the glistening track of snow,
All loaded into the big farm sleigh
With jingling bells we sped away.
And a merry song we sung, for we
Were happy as girls and boys could be.
And the teacher came with his tuning fork
And he walked around like a crane or stork,
He would sing awhile and then he would talk r
Or write on the board with a lump of chalk.
So we sang for an hour, and at recess,
They gave to their sweet one a sly caress,
And then for an hour we sang away
And all went home in that good old sleigh.
Oh, the singing school, thy joys serene
Will ever remain in our memory green,
And memory now those joys will bring
As we think of the songs we used to sing.
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
And paring bees then were a common thing,
When all would pare, or core, or string,
Core to core, and back to back,
Was the way we fixed them upon the rack,
WHEN I WAS A BOY WITH A HEAD LIKE TOW. 261
And when we had emptied the basket's store,
We swept up the litter and cleared the floor
And joined our hands to form a ring,
And merrily, then, began to sing, "Sailing on the wave."
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
And those husking bees, in the autumn days,
To k ' shuck " out the golden ears of maize,
And the lucky one, who a red ear found,
Had a right to kiss the girls all round;
So the way we managed was very queer
To find, as by chance, that bright red ear.
And that was the way things used to go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
And the chopping bees, and the logging bees,
And the raising of barns and things like these,
Where the men and the boys and everyone went
To handle a pike and lift on a bent,
When the carpenter stood a short way out
And sang to the men in a lusty shout,
" Now set her right up, my boys, just so
When I give you the word, ' He O,' ' He O,'
'He, O heave,' 'He, O heave,' 'He, O heave," He O,'
Set her up, my boys, now steady and slow,"
And everyone lifted till he saw stars
To get up those monstrous beams and bars,
But the will was good and the muscles stout,
And w % e lifted in time with the boss's shout,
And when it was up, a feast was spread
Of pumpkin pies and gingerbread,
Friedcakes and cookies, and farmer's cheese,
And we ate with a relish of things like these.
And that was the way things used to -go
When I was a boy with a head like tow.
But the age of progress is with us, I wean,
And the things of yore no more are seen;
That cheerful fire of beechen logs
That was built on those iron fire dogs,
262 . ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
The swinging crane and the pot hook too,
The skillet and lid no more we view,
And the tallow dip that we used to snuff,
With that little tow wheel and all such stuff,
The linsy dress and the shirt of tow,
Those rolls of wool that we used to know,
And the a, b, c, for the little kid,
By "Webb's Word Method " now are hid.
Now we never hear tell of a lump of chalk,
For the crayon today does blackboard talk.
The master, too, that we used to fear,
With that goose quill pen behind his ear,
And that old slab seat has gone at last
On which we sat till we grew a' most fast,
The old grain cradle and big ox cart,
That "old oaken bucket," so dear to the heart,
The pulpit high and the sermon of wrath,
Have all stepped aside from progress' path,
And things don't run as they used to go
When, I was a boy with a head like tow.
SETTLEMENT AND NATUKAL HISTOKY OF MANCHESTER
AND VICINITY.
BY L. D. WATKINS.
Pioneers of Michigan, I come before you with feelings of profound
respect, to recall again the old, old story and the incidents familiar
now to but few of the millions of people of our great country.
You have seen this fair land before, the hand of man had destroyed
nature's perfect harmony. Your eyes have seen what no other eyes
can see again; the transformation from a wilderness to a country
HISTORY OF MANCHESTER AND VICINITY. 268
covered with farms, dotted with cities and villages, ribboned with roads,
and girdled by railroads, telegraph and telephone lines.
Never again will the vast succession of coming people know how
beautiful this land was in nature. No pen picture can describe the
park-like plains and rolling openings or the solemn grandeur of the
timber lands. No ear will again hear the howl of the wolf or the
scream of the panther. Lost to all coming people is the spring-time
bell-toned note of the prairie hen and the chant of tfye sandhill crane
and wild turkey. No more forever will the rush of millions of migra-
tory birds darken the sun in their nights to and from their northern
nesting places.
How beautiful and dear to our memories are those days of our own
migration.
My father, mother, brother and three sisters left Keene, New Hamp-
shire (I being the youngest of the family) for Michigan on the 9th of
April, 1834. My father had purchased ten lots of land in Jackson
county (T. 4 S., B. 2 E. on Sees. 13 and 24) the year previous. Hired
teams conveyed us to Albany, New York, where we embarked on the
Erie canal for Buffalo, thence by steamboat to Detroit where two days
were spent in procuring our outfit and supplies, a " breaking-up " team
of four yoke of oxen, "breaking-up plow," and two wagons, on which
were loaded our belongings. Two yokes of oxen were hitched to each
wagon and with these, together with a horse and light wagon brought
from New Hampshire, we started for our unknown home in the wilder-
ness. We were six days on the road from Detroit to what is now
Fairview Farm, a distance of 59 miles. Now from Watkins' Station, on
the farm, we go to Detroit in ninety minutes. Our arrival was on the
10th of May, 1834, just one month from the day of our departure from
New Hampshire.
Our nearest neighbors were on the west, seven miles; north, four
miles; east, four miles; and south, six miles. Thus we were nearly in
the center of a wilderness about ten miles in diameter, on which no
white man had ever made a mark since the government survey. This
tract of land was exactly on the center of the divide between the great
coal and salt basins of Michigan on the north, and the coal, oil and
gas deposits of Ohio and Indiana, on the south. This divide, run-
ning west by south, is remarkable for its varied surface and soil
formations. The surface is a constant succession of plain, undu-
lating and hilly lands with marshes and small areas of heavy timbered
land. The soil is quite as varied; tenacious clay, sand, gravel and
marsh can be found on a single farm.
264 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
The most remarkable feature of this part of the State (a tract 12
by 34 miles) is the great number of its deep, pure water lakes. To
illustrate: Within five miles of my home are thirty-seven lakes, some
of them quite large. All discharge water freely, forming the sources
of five of the largest rivers in southern Michigan. In two hours I
can drive you across the Raisin, Huron, Grand, Kalamazoo and St.
Joseph rivers.
To summarize; This divide was a constant succession of plains, oak
openings, marshes, lakes and rivers. The upland was covered with
luxuriant grass and was the natural home of the deer, bear, wolf,
panther, lynx and wildcat. The deer and wolves were in great num-
bers. The rich pastures of the openings, with convenient lakes in
which to escape when pursued by wolves, made this section a paradise
for deer. Beaver dams in earlier times had caused the overflow of
fully one-third of the country. These dams were the origin of our
marshes. These marshes at the time of pioneer settlement were the
only source of winter feed for stock. The heavy growth sedge and coarse
grass (marsh hay) made a good substitute for better hay before grass
could be cultivated.
The flora and silva of this section is as varied as the soil and
surface. Trees and flowers not common to this latitude were found in
great numbers. On the openings, the principal timber trees were
white, red, yellow pine, and burr oak, hickory and a few scrub oaks
on the sand hills. On the border of streams, on the bluffs, and on
the north side of lakes we found a great many trees that in the
regular order of distribution would be far to the north or south of us.
These strangers form, with our indigenous forests, a regular conglom-
erate of the forests of three sections each with its peculiar forest
grove. From the southward we have the Buckeye, White Wood,
Honey Locust, Kentucky Coffee-tree, Mulberry, Black Haw and many
others. From the north came Hemlock, Pine and Spruce. The same
is true of the admixture of trees and plants, local on the east and
west borders of the State. These strangers are not of common distribu-
tion, but are generally found in small isolated groups. I believe that
the only hemlocks in southern Michigan were on the east shore of
Wampler's lake (T. 4 S., E 2 E.), and they were cut down for fence
posts by vandals who supposed them to be cedars. One great sur-
prise to all observers of the silva of this region, is the total absence
of many kinds of trees for which the soil and climate are perfectly
suited, as is proved by planting in after years. Such as beech, maple,
bass wood, elm, tulip-tree and others, which are common along streams
HISTORY OF MANCHESTER AND VICINITY. 265
and in groups all through this section, but are not generally distributed
among other trees in the upland timber. Perhaps the great annual
fires that swept this opening and plain land, destroyed all trees which
had thin, tender bark or that did not reproduce themselves by sprouts
from about the stump when the top was killed by fire.
The pioneer found that kind nature had anticipated his wants in an
abundant supply of wild fruits and nuts. In succession came the
delicious wild strawberry, blackberry, huckleberry, red and black rasp-
berry, blue berry, grapes, plums and cranberries. Nuts were abundant;
hickory, black walnut, butternut and hazelnut were abundant and were
gathered and stored away for the evening gatherings of young and old
around the broad fireplace and stick chimney on the long winter
evenings. Of snakes there were an abundance, but only one was really
dangerous, the massasaugas, and they were mostly confined to the swamps
and marshes. The blow snake was still more feared (they are now
extinct); their habit of inhaling air until greatly extended, and then
exhaling a sickening breath caused all to fear them, but they were
comparatively harmless, as were also the great blue racer, our most
beautiful snake, and the black and spotted water snakes. Our lakes
were well stocked with excellent fish; bass, pike, pickerel, perch, sun-
fish and bluegills were the most common and were easily taken, as
were also the deer and wild fowl. Thus did nature furnish the
pioneer with fish, flesh, fowl, and fruit in the greatest abundance.
There is to the pioneer no more pleasant recollections of these early
days than that of the wild flowers. First to greet the homesick
stranger was hepatica, she seemed to open her sunny fragrant bloom
on purpose to give cheer and comfort. But hepatica was only the
herald of coming beauties. One wave of her blue bonnet as she left
us, and there commenced a succession of flowers seldom found in any
other country. Maples, birches and alders spring into life. The little
kittens of the willow begin to show their furry coats. A bloom seems
to be gathering along the tree tops of the water courses; our two elms
and the red elm file into line flanked by the red maple; cowslips and
skunk cabbage meet you on the wet, springy borders of marshes and
springs; the buds of oak, hickory and sassafras are striving to out-
grow each other; trilliums, violets in all kinds of soils, except the
birdfoot violet, which is found on light sands only. Now comes the
June berry (three kinds) with its cloud of white in perfect contrast
with the surroundings of green and brown. April, says Dr. Beal,
should give us fifty plants and trees in bloom and in May more than
34
266 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
one hundred. In June our woods and plains were covered with
flowers, some of which are now nearly extinct. Painted cup, lady
slippers, phlox, mandrakes, rosin weed, lillies, roses, closed gentians and
golden rods. Finally, when the frosts and north winds come, we have
only the fringed gentian in its robe of blue and purple, and the witch
hazel with petals of gold, to close the gateway of summer.
" These beautiful children of glen and dell,
The dingle deep, the woodland stretching wide,
and of the mossy fountain side.
Ye on my heart have thrown a lovesome spell,
And though the worldlings' scorning may deride,
I love ye all."
FIFTY-TWO YEARS OF ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHI-
GAN CONFERENCE OF THE M. E. CHURCH.
BY BEV. R. C. CBAWFORD.
In the month of May, 1841, I was licensed to preach, and by the
same body that gave me my license, I was recommended to the Michi-
gan annual conference as a suitable person for admission on trial in
said conference. The body which gave me my license and this recom-
mendation was the quarterly conference, of Pontiac circuit, with Rev.
George Smith as presiding elder, and Revs. James Shaw and Francis
B. Bangs, as circuit preachers. The balance of the conference consisted
of solid laymen from different parts of the circuit, such as Birmingham,
Royal Oak, Bloomfield Centre, Donation Chapel, and Auburn; at all of
which places I had been and held services, as an exhorter, several
times during the preceding year, and the people had come to know me
pretty well, or they thought they did. The quarterly conference was
held in the court house, as were all of the services. All of the men com-
posing that quarterly conference, except myself and the Rev. James
Shaw, are on the other side of the boundary line. He is a superannuate
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 267
of the Kansas conference, in his 86th year and lives at Atchison with
his oldest daughter, Lucy, widow of the Rev. L. D. Price, once a
member of Michigan conference; and he says in a letter he sent me,
"I am trying to keep sweet in my old age."
On Sabbath afternoon of our quarterly meeting I preached my first
sermon, or took a text and exhorted in a school house at Bloomfield
Centre, five miles southeast from Pontiac, where I had been holding
services during the spring. The house was crowded with my friends,
who were bent on hearing my first sermon; and we had, what we used
to call "The shout of the King in the camp;" but my father used to
call it a "Methodist pow ivow" Father was brought up an Episcopa-
lian and did not take any stock in a noisy kind of religion; but let him
go to a barn raising, a logging bee or a general training and no man
in Oakland county could beat him on making a noise. Dear old man,
I believe he is in heaven now, where I hope to meet him when I cross
the line.
Well, the Michigan conference held its session at White Pigeon, in
September of that year, Bishop Roberts presiding; I was admitted on
trial, and appointed as junior preacher on Palmer circuit, with Lovell
F. Harris, as preacher in charge. My father gave me a splendid saddle
horse, my uncle loaned me a saddle and bridle, and Dr. Ezra S. Parke
gave me a pair of portmanteaus large enough to hold all of my worldly
goods, and thus equipped I pulled out for my first circuit, which
embraced all of the country bordering on St. Clair river and twenty-five
miles on the shore of Lake Huron and reaching inland from five to fifteen
miles. We had eighteen preaching places, some of them we visited on
the work days of the week. At Port Huron, St. Clair, Newport, now
Marine City, and Algonac, we preached on Sabbath mornings and
visited some country school house in the afternoon and evening same
day. The discipline of our church fixed my salary at $100 beside travel-
ing and table expenses, but the stewards made no estimate of my table
expenses, but said I must do as the country school master did, board
around; and you may rest assured I did as they suggested, and by this
means I secured the full amount of my table, expenses if I did fall
short $40 on my salary. In my boarding around I found some very
good boarding places. One of which I wish to make special mention.
The head of the family was a widow and she had three sons, Tif,
George and David. Tif was about my age, George was next, and then
came David. They all thought a great deal of my Billy horse, and
David would always insist on bringing him out fully equipped for my
service, when it came time for me to leave for my ride of fifteen mile&
268 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
down Bell river to Newport, my next place for stopping, and when
that same David was our governor, he used to refer me to the time
when he was my hostler, and used to lead my Billy out of the little
log stable, all saddled and bridled ready for me to mount. The home
of this Jerome family was at that time about three miles east of the
Gratiot turnpike where it crosses Bell river. I don't think David, at
that time, had any aspirations for the office he has since held; and I
don't think George had any thought of becoming the attorney of the
Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee railroad. But such is life, and
that grand old mother of theirs little thought what those boys were
destined to become and do after she should depart and join their
father on the other shore.
At that time Capt. Ward had his home at Newport and was known
through the state as Uncle Sam, the steamboat king. Captain Eber,
his nephew, was at that time captain of one of his boats, the Sam
Ward, making daily trips between Detroit and Port Huron. Captain
Eber died in* Detroit a few years ago, reputed to be worth in the neighbor-
hood of $5,000,000. I think the last steamboat Uncle Sam built was the
Atlantic, which ran from Detroit to Buffalo, with the Mayflower, in
connection with the Michigan Central railroad, carrying its passengers
between the two cities just named. Her last trip came to a sudden
ending on her way from Detroit to Buffalo. When but a short distance
from Long Point she collided with one of the propellers of the Northern
Transportation Go's line and went to the bottom of Lake Erie, the passengers
all being saved. She was a magnificent steamboat and one of the fastest
sailers at that time on the Jakes. But I am spending too much time
on my first years' itinerancy, and while there are many others of whom
I would like to make mention, but I dare not for fear of prolixity, I
will therefore merely mention the names of Judge Bunce, the two San-
borns, -Ralph Wadams, Esq. Smith, Senator Conger, Judge Mitchell,
John Beard, and Esq. Ira Porter, all of whom afforded me excellent
boarding places as I went around; but my chief or head quarters for
good living was with Tucker and Daniels at Algonac. In the month
of June I took to myself a wife, in accord with a previous engagement,
but did not consider it good economy to ask her to go boarding around
with me during the balance of that conference year, so she remained
at her father's until I entered upon my second year in the conference,
when we commenced boarding ourselves.
My second circuit was Richmond, embracing a small portion of St.
Clair county and two townships in Macomb county in the northeast
corner of said county. I had full swing here, being the only preacher
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE, 269
on the circuit, and I made the round once in two weeks, preaching three
times each Sabbath, at six different places, and riding each Sabbath
about twelve miles. Oar churches were all district school houses and not
very large at that, but I doubt if Talmadge's tabernacle is more densely
packed from Sabbath to Sabbath than were these tabernacles, which I
occupied during that year. Being now a married man, I was entitled
according to discipline to $200 beside my traveling and table expenses, all
of which I received except regular salary, on which I fell short $50.
The winter of that year was called our hard winter and we had good
sleighing from November 25 until after town meeting in April.
My third and fourth years were upon Shiawassee circuit, as preacher
in charge, with W. F. Cowles for my colleague the first year, and F.
A. Blades for colleague the second year. We made the round of this
circuit once in four weeks, and had eighteen regular preaching places,
Owosso. Corunna, Shiawasseetown and Byron were included, being the
only cities of importance then existing in Shiawaseee county. Here
I first became acquainted with our pioneer friend, of precious memory,
B. O. Williams, and his brother Alfred. The house we lived in at
Shiawasseetown was built for a hotel of vast proportions, and with the
expectation of a large city in the near future, provisions were made
for the accommodation of a great number of guests. But for some
reason the big city did not get there, and the multitude of guests did
not come, and the big hotel, only finished in part, was converted into
residences for poor families, like us methodist preachers, who were not
able to pay extravagant rents. We occupied the large ball room, which
was lathed but not plastered. With boards unplaned we made a parti-
tion across the hall, so as to give us two rooms; one for a guest cham-
ber and pastor's study, and the other and larger one served for kitchen,
dining room, sitting room and parlor with our family bed in the
northeast corner of the big room. My colleague, Bro. Blades, had his
home with us, he being a single man and was obliged to board around.
Our receipts upon this charge compared favorably with previous ones.
Our next circuit was Livingston, with David A. Curtis as my
colleague. The circuit embraced the most of Livingston county, and
we made the round once in four weeks. Howell, Milan and Pinckney
were the only cities of importance, and the rest of our preaching
places were in country school houses. At Howell the Congregationalists
had a small chapel, which we occupied once in two weeks; and a Con-
gregational minister by the name of Root occupied it each alternate
Sabbath, which gave them preaching every Sabbath; the congregation
being composed of Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Bap-
270 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
tists, Episcopalians, and a large proportion of persons not members
of any church. Sectarianism did not exhibit its hydra head to annoy
us in a single instance. At Milan the Presbyterians had a comfortable
brick church, which they kindly opened for our use each alternate
Sabbath; and our congregation was much like the one at Howell. At
Pinckney we had no church building and all worshiped together in a
school house, the same harmony prevailing as at the two places
previously mentioned. On this circuit I made the acquaintance of
Hon. Charles P. Bush, one of Michigan's brightest citizens, and one of
the shrewdest politicians the democratic party has ever placed in office
in this State. He and his family became my fast friends and remained
so, notwithstanding our difference in politics. He died comparatively
a young man and his death was a great loss to Michigan, and still
greater to the democratic party, of which he was a leader in the fullest
sense. At that time he carried on farming, his large and splendid
farm being located about three miles southeast from Howell, on the
Detroit and Grand Kiver turnpike. I suppose the farm lies there still,
but Charles P. Bush does not own it now and will not come to
cultivate its fertile soil any more. He was a member of the legislature
that located the capitol where we are now gathered, and afterward
became a resident of Lansing, where he was living when death summoned
him away. I am not certain but I think some of his family are living
here at this time. Peace to his ashes. I love to think of him as I
used to see his manly form in my congregation with his keen eyes
fixed upon me as I tried, to the best of my ability, to send the truth
into his heart. There were other men in that section. I love to remem-
ber, such as Ely and Pardon Barnard, Elias Steadmau, Judge
Stansbury, Deacon Noble and Deacon Gay, Lawyer Whipple, Frank
Bush (brother of Charles P.), George Lee and his brother Fred, E. F.
Burt, the McPherson family, N. G. Isbell, and some others, I'll not
stop to name; while nearly every one named have gone to join the
great majority over on the other shore, I hope to meet them when I
cross the river, in whose waters my feet have been resting much of
the time during the past two years and some of the time it has seemed
I should never return, but I am here.
Our next" charge was Almont, embracing the village of Almont, in
Lapeer county, and three appointments in the surrounding country. At
Almont we had a chapel of our own and, as I only preached once in
two weeks, our Congregational friends occupied the chapel each alter-
nate Sabbath, and thus services were held every Sabbath; and we
worshiped as one family and had no family brawls while I was there.
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 271
This charge had no aspirants for national honors, but a host of solid
men for all work but whose names have not been very extensively cir-
culated, and probably you would not remember having heard of them if I
should repeat them, and as nothing of importance occurred out of the
ordinary course of events, I will ask you to take a trip with me to
Port Huron, where my next appointment occurred, and here you will
discover quite a change since my first appointment to Palmer circuit
in 1841. We had a comfortable house of worship on the south side of
Black river and this was well filled every Sabbath, as I and my
colleague occupied the pulpit each alternate Sabbath. The circuit was
changed only in name and the transfer of all territory north of Port
Huron to Lexington circuit, so that we preached at St. Glair, Newport
{now Marine City), and Algonac once each Sabbath, same as when I
first traveled the circuit. The two years term was spent pleasantly
and I received my full salary of two hundred dollars per year and
table expenses without being compelled to board around, as I did
during my first year's experience. Some new comers had appeared
while some of the first residents had disappeared. One of the new
comers was William L. Bancroft, quite a politician of the democratic
school, and was at the time publishing a newspaper, himself proprietor
and editor. He became my warm friend, notwithstanding our differ-
ence of opinion on political issues, and our friendship remained
unbroken while our acquaintance continued. It is a long time since
we have met and I presume he looks more like an old man than he
did in 1847 and '48. At that time L. M. Mason, Esq., was practicing
law in Port Huron, and during the trial of an important suit, in which
Major Thorn, a man of large physical proportions, was an interested
party, Mason, being counsel for the other side, was making his plea,
Major Thorn sitting quite near him, and as he was laying down the
points of law some remark dropped on the major's ear that did not
please the old man and he belched forth the sentence, " You are a liar,"
and in a second the old man was stretched on the floor, the blood
flowing freely from his mouth and nose. Mason apologized to the court
saying he had no idea his arm was so long or he would have been
more careful how he swung it when making his gestures. I don't
think the major ever accused him of lying after that wonderful
gesture was made.
I had a colleague upon this charge and he was of small proportions,
always fearful I would be more popular with the people than himself
unless he could in some safe way make the impression that I was not
as pious as they took me to be. I was the owner of a very fine brown
272 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
mare, and she was fat as a seal, and everyone was speaking of her
beauty and fine qualities. My colleague brought with him to the
charge, a young mare of good proportions, but, as he was not much of
a horseman, he got nervous in handling her, and an old jockey took
advantage of his weakness and traded him an old mare, that in the
matter of flesh resembled one of Pharaoh's cows, and she was afflicted
with poor teeth so it was impossible to get any flesh on her skeleton.
On one occasion, where were present several of our leading members,
some one made some remark expressive of his admiration of my mare.
The remark hurt the little fellow so much that he had to make a
thrust at me and he said " I am afraid Bro. Crawford's mare gets into
the pulpit with him." My Irish wit came quick for once and I replied
" Not a bit of it, sir; but if I could count her ribs as far as I could
see her carcass, she would be on my back every time I tried to preach."
I heard no more of it. Well, we next turn up at Lapeer county seat,
where I formed the acquaintance of Hon. A. N. Hart, of precious
memory, three brothers by the name of White, two brothers by the
name of Terrell, and several other 'solid men, whose friendship I have
always prized, and with satisfaction cherish their memory now that
t4iey are all on the other side of the river which forms the boundary
line between our world and the great future. Father Clark, the old
English pioneer, was on his farm five miles southeast of the village.
The old man's welcome to me, as his pastor, was on this wise. At my
first appointment in his neighborhood, after I had preached, I held
class meeting and calling on Father Clark for his testimony, he pro-
ceeded " Well Crawford, I am glad you've coomed, I axed Shaw for
you." Shaw was our presiding elder. That same fall t}ie old man
took a pair of beautiful male calves to the State fair in Detroit, and on
his return had to tell me of his trials on his way to Detroit. He said
" ivery body I met axed me about my calves and I got oot of all man-
ner of patience, and I wouldn't talk wi' 'em at all. But jist before I
got to Pontiac a fine looking gentleman drove by me and he was in a
fine carriage and had a fine team, and he looked as though he might know
some'ut. He axed me how old my calves were? and I towld him one of
them was six months and the other was six months and two weeks.
And he axed me if they were twins, and I laughed him in his face."
Father Clark was a man of wonderful natural endowments with no
education in the schools, but he was regarded as one of the shrewdest
business men of Lapeer county. He had such eccentricities as afforded
me, at times, an occasion for a right hearty laugh at his expense. I
will mention one instance which must suffice. His wife's brother in
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 273
England, having died, left about $2,000 to be divided among his sister's
children, and they all thinking it would be so long coming, they had bet-
ter sell out to their father, providing he would buy; and the old man
jumped at the chance, as they offered to sell at fifty cents on the dol-
lar, he being sharp enough to know it would not take many months to
bring the money from England. He placed it in the hands of C. C.
Trowbridge, of Detroit, and during my pastorate, he came up to the
village one day, and found a letter in the postofiice from Mr. Trow-
bridge, and hastened to the parsonage for me to read it for him, as he
could not read his correspondence. The letter informed him his money
was ready for him. The old man looked at me, and smiling, said, "Now
Crawford, let me say, first of all, glory to God, its coomed; now I'm
rich, Lord keep me rich."
We will now come to our next circuit, which was Utica, in Macomb
county, embracing the towns of Washington and Macomb as well as
Shelby, in which the village of Utica was located. My wife's parents
resided within the bounds of this charge, and insisted on our making
our home with them while on this charge, which we gladly did, and
spent the time very pleasantly. On this circuit I found the Davises,
the Chapels (Charles and Frank), the Leaches, the Somers, and many
other solid men, all of whom became my fast friends. One incident
occurred, while I was on this circuit, that afforded some amusement,
and even to this date causes me to smile when I think how the young
men looked as they came marching into the church just before I
commenced the service. Some of the prominent women of Utica had
adopted the bloomer costume and were quite conspicuous on the streets
with their short dresses and pantalets. Four of the young men of the
village, all very respectable, came to me and expressed a desire to
attend service on the Sabbath dressed in uniform, calculated to strike
a death blow to the bloomer craze among the women. I cheerfully
consented, and after the congregation was mostly in their seats, in came
the young dudes in their newly made costumes, and took their seats in
the amen corner of the church, looking as dignified and behaving
themselves as becomingly as any Presbyterian deacons ever did. They
wore white cambric pantaloons, made very large" from the waistbands to
the ankles and drawn tight around the ankles by means of cord. The
rest of their apparel corresponded with their pants; when, at the close
of service, they marched deliberately out and went quietly home, and
thus ended the bloomer craze in Utica.
My next charge was Birmingham, where my cousin, Poppleton, lived
35
274 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
and was running a general store. Many of my old friends and several
of my kindred, such as uncles, aunts, and cousins, were members of
my congregation, and all seemed very much pleased with the appoint-
ment, and did not seem to tire of my preaching, even though I was
a prophet in my own country and among my own kindred. The farm
upon which I was raised lay within three miles of the village, and the
entire circuit covered territory with which I had been familiar since I
was eight years of age, and I had known many of my parishioners during
all of those intervening years. We had no very great men on this charge,
nor men who aspired to become great. We were so near Detroit on
the one side, and Pontiac on the other, that our great men, as well as
the ambitious ones, gave us the go by and settled in one of those
thriving cities. My next charge was Detroit city mission and my
appointments were all suburban, and in making my rounds I encircled
the city, which at that time was a trifle smaller than it is today. City
missionary as I was, I had the pleasure of forming an acquaintance
with such men as J. C. Holmes, C. I. Walker, Philo Parsons, John
Owen, Judge Koss Wilkins, Bela Hubbard, Thomas W. Palmer, and
Dr. Duffield, who for a number of years was the successful pastor of
the First Presbyterian church in that city, and who finally received a
sudden call from pulpit to the church of the first born, which is with-
out spot or wrinkle, before the throne of God. He was a grand man,
and lives in my memory as he does in the memory of many others,
who knew him but to love him, in the days of his prosperity as a
faithful minister of the gospel of Christ.
My next move was to Battle Creek, where I spent two of the
pleasantest years of my itinerant life. Here I made the acquaintance
of Erastus Hussey, Victor P. Collier, John and Benjamin F. Hinman,
and E. C. Manchester. I also made the acquaintance of Dr. O. C.
Comstock and A. O. Hyde, of Marshall. Battle Creek has always been
a very dear spot to me, since the fall of 1855, when I left there and took
my next appointment to Jackson, where I served as pastor of the church
one year and was then appointed by the board of prison inspectors as
chaplain at the prison, where I remained for three years and preached
to the men in stripes. Kinsley S. Bingham was our governor, and
William Hammond was agent of the prison, now called " warden." At
Jackson I made the acquaintance of Hon. Austin Blair, Judge Gridley,
Judge David Johnson, Col. Michael Shoemaker and his brother Joseph,
Peter B. Loomis, Fidus Livermore, and many other solid men includ-
ing lawyers, doctors, merchants, and ministers of the several denomina-
tions of Christians, including Mr. Grinnel of the Episcopal church, and
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 275
Dr. Asa Mahan of the Congregational church; both grand men, and I
shall never forget their kindness to me and the help they gave me in
my work at the prison. Gov. Bingham was a man with a large heart,
and he was full of sympathy for the friends of convicts, who were
constantly pleading for pardon for their friends. But he had good
judgment and exercised his pardoning power with extreme caution, with
one single exception, and that was a peculiar case and I did not
censure him for doing as he did in that peculiar case, but I did have
some sport with him, which he enjoyed as well as myself and others.
An old lady came all the way from the state of New York to plead for
her only boy who had been sentenced for five years for larceny. She
went to see the governor several times at his home in Kensington, and
he invariably promised her he would pardon her boy if she would
bring a recommend for his pardon from the warden and chaplain.
But this she failed to get every time. After letting matters rest for a
few weeks she put out for another interview with the governor. Going
to Ann Arbor on the afternoon train, she footed it from Ann Arbor to
Kensington, reaching the governor's home about eleven o'clock. She
rang the bell and the governor responded with a light in his hand, and
he at once recognized the familiar face of Mother McAllister, and the
poor, tired old woman, after a walk of seventeen miles, burst into
tears and said: "Governor, I've come after my boy, can I have him?"
" Well," said he, " you go to bed and rest you the balance of the night
and we'll see about it in the morning," and in the morning after
breakfast he made out the papers and mailed them to the Secretary of
State at Lansing, and sent her away happy in the prospect that, as
soon as the papers could get around to Jackson, she would take her
darling and hie away with him back to her home in the state of New
York. The day after she returned from Kensington, she took her way-
ward son and departed, and that was the last we knew of them. A
few days after her departure, the Governor came to visit us, and he was
sitting in the agent's office talking with Mr. Hammond as I entered
the office on my return from dinner. He looked at me as much as to
say, I wonder what he has in store for me? He met me with a hearty
hand shake, as he always did, and after the usual salutation, I said to
him, "Well, Governor, you have given me an insight into one passage
of scripture that I never fully comprehended until now. 'Lest by her
continued coming she weary me, I'll revenge her of her adversary.' '
His reply was, " Well, chaplain, I guess if she had called you up at
eleven o'clock at night after a walk of seventeen miles in the dark, and
your wife had joined in her plea, as mine did, you would have yielded,"
276 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
and I said, "Amen, God bless you, Governor," and the agent responded,
"Amen."
At the close of three years, I retired from the chaplaincy of the
prison and was stationed at Niles, where I stayed but one year, for
reasons I will not stop to explain, except to say, , that the people of
Ionia asked the bishop for my appointment to their charge, and he
said he would grant their request if I would consent to the change, and
I did so, greatly to the annoyance and grievance of the most of my
congregation at Niles; and while I had a warm reception and a pleas-
ant pastorate of two years at Ionia, I have always regretted that I
consented to the change. We had one of the most gracious revivals in
Niles of any one year of my ministry, and the converts were all well
cared for by my successor, Rev. Hiram Law. While at Niles, I made
the acquaintance of Hon. Schuyler Colfax, of South Bend, Indiana, a
village about ten miles south of Niles. Our acquaintance soon ripened
into a friendship as lasting as life, and no one, outside of his own
immediate kindred, could have felt his sudden death, while in his vigor-
ous manhood, more deeply than I did. At Ionia I formed the acquaint-
ance of Hons. Hampton Rich, Sandford Yeomans, George and Jack
Webber, Hon. Albert Williams, John C. Blanchard, Esq., and W. W.
Mitchell, Esq.; John 0. and I could agree in our religious views but in
politics we had several tilts. It was during my first year's pastorate at
Ionia that the rebellion was inaugurated, and when the news reached us
of the attack upon Sumpter, John C. came to me, with blood in his eye,
and charged me with having a hand in dividing the Union, as I had
been somewhat outspoken against the abominable system of slavery.
But I told him the Union was not divided and would not be, but that
slavery was now doomed to die, and the slaveholders had themselves
inaugurated the measures that were destined to do the work of its
destruction, and I hoped he and I might live to see the work com-
pleted, and we did. Was I a true prophet? John C. was an official
member of my church and gave me his hearty support, and before the
year was ended was making war speeches, and aiding to raise volunteers,
and finally went himself as a sutler in one of the regiments, and on
his first visit home, declared if he had the matter in hand he would
raise an army of 3,000,000 and drive the whole southern confederacy
into the Gulf of Mexico. But after the war closed he sort of cooled
off, and since then it is hard telling what his politics have been. My
next appointment was Kalamazoo, where I first met Judge Hezekiah
G. Wells, of precious memory; also Hon. Charles E. Stewart, General
Dwight May, Lieut. Gov. Charles May, Dr. Jas. A. B. Stone, William
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 277
A. Wood, N. A. Balch, Thos. C. Brownell, and Henry Gilbert. My
next appointment was Albion, the home for many years of Rev. W. H.
Brockway, who had his last meeting with us two years ago this month
and was obliged to leave before our final adjournment. Perhaps some
of you remember how gracefully he took his leave as he retired never
to meet with us again. We miss him as we do some others who were
with us at that reunion, for instance, Dr. Shepard, Hon. O. Poppleton,
and A. D. P. Van Buren. At the end of one year I was appointed
presiding elder of Cold water district and moved to Coldwater, where I
had a pleasant home for four years. The district extended from White
Pigeon on the west to the meridian line of the State on the east, the
eastern boundary of our conference, and embraced the counties of
Hillsdale, Branch, and the largest part of St. Joseph; and took in
White Pigeon, Mottville, Centreville, Constantine, Sturgis, Burr Oak,
Bronson, Coldwater, Girard, Quincy, Allen, Jonesville, Hillsdale, Osseo,
North Adams and Pittsford, Beading and Cambria; so you see my
chances for extending my acquaintance were greatly enlarged, and well
improved. I will mention but few of the many I met for the first time as
I took the rounds of my district. Hon. Charles Upson, Hon. Caleb D.
Randall, Harvey Haynes, Ex-Gov. Cyrus G. Luce, S. C. Coffinberry, Esq.,
Henry H. Riley, Esq., Witter J. Baxter, E. O. Grosvenor, Judge East-
man Johnson, Harvey Warner, Esq., Jonn Wolf, Wm. Allman, and
Comfort Tyler. At the end of my four years term as presiding elder,
I was appointed pastor at Centreville, where I had already become
acquainted with nearly everybody residing within the bounds of this
charge, and where resided some whose names I have already mentioned,
therefore I will only ask you to remain here one year, and then
take you, with me, back to Jackson prison, where I was appointed chap-
lain by the board of inspectors, and here I spend another three years,
under the administration of Gov. Baldwin, with Henry E. Bingham as
a^ent, he having acted as clerk of the prison during the time of my
former chaplaincy; and I think if Latimer had been an inmate at that
time he would not have succeeded in getting that clerk to bring him
prussic acid, not knowing whether it was poison or something good,
with which to flavor his lemonade and render it' more palatable, as was
the case with clerk Tabor, recently. We had prison discipline when he
was clerk, and prison discipline when he was agent. He resigned while
I was serving as chaplain, and John Morris of Charlotte was appointed
to succeed him, who still held the office when I resigned. During this
term, clerk Hulin, a man in whom we all placed confidence, was
detected in th'e embezzlement of a large amount of the money belonging
278 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
/
to the State, and, after trial and conviction, was sentenced for five
years penal servitude. I had known him since my first pastorate in
the church in Jackson. His wife was an honored member of my church,
and he was a regular attendant on the services and contributed as
largely toward my support as any member of the church, being at the
time a hardware merchant and having a good trade. He afterwards
failed in business, then was elected justice of the peace, and when Mr.
Bingham was made agent of the prison he recommended him to the
board of inspectors for the clerkship of the prison, and he was appointed,
and still held the office under Mr. Morris at the time of his detection.
A careful examination of the books revealed the fact that he commenced
his embezzlement soon after entering the office, and had carried it on
successfully and without suspicion from the first, until some transaction
caused Mr. Morris to suspect him, and his foot was soon in the trap
adroitly set for his capture. I don't think there was an officer of the
prison who did not weep like a child when we saw him come through
the gate under the guidance of the sheriff of Jackson county. He
served his term and was discharged with a broken spirit, and only
lived a few months after his liberation.
On my retirement from the chaplaincy of the prison in the fall of
1872, I recommended the appointment of Rev. George Hickock, a
Baptist minister, as my successor and that you may see whether I made
a mistake in my judgment of his fitness for the position, I am proud
to say, that he has given such general satisfaction that he still holds
the office, and probably will until he resigns from choice, unless death
shall call for him before he tenders his resignation. If I had the time,
I would like to give you some of my experience in dealing with con-
victs, but this I cannot do as I must hasten around. My next
appointment was at St. Joseph, where I spent two years very pleas-
antly, and formed the acquaintance of Hon. A. H. Morrison, whose
name appears among the deceased members of this Society, having
joined it in 1877. He was at that time general manager of the
Chicago and West Michigan railroad. During the first year I was
there, I was on board a train returning from Grand Eapids, having but
one passenger coach and a baggage car, and while rounding a curve the
forward trucks of our coach left the track, and the coupling between
it and the baggage car gave way and our car rolled down an embankment,
making one revolution, and I turned a sort of somersault and fell upon
the floor face downward, with the stove, well loaded with fire, across my
back, spilling some of the coals on the left side of my neck and face,
causing my whiskers to appear very much demoralized. I was laid up
ITINERANT LIFE IN THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE. 279
for about four weeks, and after I was fully restored, Mr. Morrison
called me into his office, and after introducing me to the attorney of
the road, Mr. Nims, he asked me what damages I intended to demand.
I replied, "not any." "Why," said he, "you are entitled to damages
according to law." " Yes," said I, "I suppose I am, but my half fare pass
has certain conditions printed on the back, which I accepted when I
received the pass." " Yes," said he, " but that don't amount to anything
according to law." "I am well aware of that," said I, "but if I should
demand damages you would refer me to those conditions, and say,
* what about the moral question involved in your demand, ' wouldn't
you?" "Perhaps I should," said he, "but I intend to give you some-
thing." "Very well," said I, "give me what you please and I'll not refuse
your donation." " Well," said he, "I propose to give you $50 and a pass
for yourself and family while you remain on the line of our road, will
that be satisfactory?" "Anything that will satisfy you, will satisfy me,"
was my reply. He then turned to his clerk and told him to order a
car load of four foot wood delivered at the M. E. parsonage, and
another carload next year, if Mr. Crawford remained in it, and I did,
and the wood came, and of good quality. Our next move was to
Allegan, where we spent two very pleasant years, forming many
acquaintances and securing new friends. Among these were Judge
Stone, Judge Littlejohn, Judge Williams, Judge Arnold, Dr. H. F,
Thomas, Don C. Henderson, Esq., Duncan McMartin and Joseph Fisk.
The most of these are gone to swell the majority on the other side,
while Stone, Thomas, Williams and Henderson, are still here in active
service, and are held in high esteem by men of all political parties
and religious creeds. Our next move was to Cedar Springs, a little
village on the Grand Rapids and Indiana railroad, twenty-two miles
north from Grand Eapids. Here we spent a pleasant year, and was
then appointed presiding elder of Ionia district, and returned to renew
old acquaintances, and form a great many new ones, at Greenville,
Stanton, Portland, Hubbardston, Carson City, Lyons, Pewamo, Muir,
Woodland, Bowne Center, Saranac, and Lowell; among whom was
Hon. Jas. W. Belknap, Westbrook Divine, Col. Ellsworth, John Lewis,
Esq., and many others whose friendship I highly prize. After spend-
ing four very pleasant years at Ionia in district work, I was returned to
the pastorate, and appointed at my own request to East Street, Grand
Kapids. Here I succeeded, after much effort, in building a new church,
to take the place of the little chapel, where we worshiped for two
years. Our new church cost us when completed, including furnishing,
$5,000 and I had the pleasure of occupying its pulpit all of my third
280 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
year, and at the close of my term, had the entire indebtedness pro-
vided for, and only three hundred dollars remaining unpaid, which was
soon wiped out by my successor, Rev. Mr. Carlisle. We left many
warm friends at East street, when we were appointed to Ames church,
another charge in another part of the same city, and where we spent
three very pleasant years. While serving these two charges I made
the acquaintance of Dr. Charles Shepard, Henry Fralick, T. D. Gil-
bert, Judge Champlin, Harvey J. Hollister, J. C. Fitzgerald, Allen
Durfee, Henry Spring, and Major Watson, and a host of others I
cannot take time to name. At the close of this pastorate, and at the
completion of forty-six years continued service, I took a superannuated
relation for the purpose of taking a trip to Oregon and Washington,
to spend a few months with our friends on the Pacific coast. We left
home the last of October and returned the first of August following,
having had a most delightful visit with our friends, and a view of
much grand scenery, going via Union Pacific railroad, and returning via
Northern Pacific, from Seattle to St. Paul, and from thence to Chicago,
via Wisconsin Central, and from Chicago to Grand Kapids, via Chicago
and West Michigan. We made the entire trip without accident or delay
on either route, except one-half hour in Bear River valley, on Union
Pacific, from a heated journal, which was easily made up in the next
run, so that we were at all stations on schedule time. At the next
session of our conference, I was returned to the effective list and
appointed to Holland City, twenty-five miles southwest from Grand
Rapids. At the close of one year, having received a meagre support,
and finding myself advancing in years, I thought best to retire from
effective work and took a superannuated relation, designed to be perma-
nent, and returned to Grand Rapids for our permanent home, where a
generous friend, Mrs. Jas. Dolbee, built a good commodious house
known as "The Cottage in the Orchard," and presented us with a life
lease of the same; and we find ourselves nicely settled for the balance
of our lives, among our East street friends and our East street church,
our place of worship. Soon after our return to Grand Rapids, I was
invited by General Pierce to act as chaplain at the Soldier's Home,
where my duties were to consist of. one sermon on the Sabbath and
attend all funerals of soldiers dying at the home. I took this work
in hand on the 6th of April, and continued the work until the 25th of
October, the second year, when I resigned, as I had supplied the work
by proxy since the 28th of June, at which time I held my last service
with the veterans, being prostrated with malarial fever, from the effect
of which I could not rally, and resigned, feeling that I must be
PROGRESS IN TRANSPORTATION AND MAIL SERVICE. 281
relieved of the responsibility of looking after the work of supplies for
funerals and sabbath services. Meantime, I had done some successful
canvassing for some valuable books, but now laid upon the shelf by
sickness, my little salary at the Soldier's Home cut off, and being
unable to do any canvassing for the sale of books, things from my
human standpoint looked a little dubious, but thus far God has been
better to us than our fears; and our friends have shown themselves
friendly in many substantial ways. At the celebration of our golden
wedding one year ago, many of our friends outside of Grand Rapids
sent their congratulations in substantial form, which, added to those of
our city friends, netted over three hundred dollars, which made us feel
almost as rich as did Father Clark, when his little dowry came from
England, but we did not pray, "Lord keep us rich," but we did pray,
" Lord make us worthy of such friendships." At the time of our last
pioneer meeting in June, one year ago, I was unable to attend, and
thought it quite probable that I should never look into your faces
again, until I should greet you on the other shore. But I am here, in
much better health than I enjoyed two months ago, and from present
indications I am encouraged to hope, that by the time of our next
annual reunion, " Bichard will be himself again." But what the future
has in store for me, no finite mind can tell, but I'll try and keep on in
the service of my Master, who has borne with my weaknesses for these
fifty-two years; and I am sure I shall find mercy at his hands, when
he comes to sign my release, whether this year or the next, or many
years thereafter; and in the sweet bye and bye I shall hope for a reunion
with all of my pioneer friends who have gone before, or may go before,
and all who may come after my transfer to the church triumphant,
which is without spot before the throne of God.
PEOGRESS IN TRANSPORTATION AND MAILS IN THE
LAST FIFTY YEAES.
BY C. T. MITCHELL.
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen I have a short paper to read
on the cost of transportation back in the forties and at the present
time, showing the great progress that has been made in cheapening
transportation in the last fifty years.
36
282 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
I went to Hillsdale to live in the spring of 1843, first of May. The
Michigan Southern railroad was completed there in October of that
year by the State of Michigan, at a cost of about $1,400,000, with
wooden superstructure and flat rails. The superstructure consisted of,
first, a mud sill six by ten inches, on that cross ties about three by
six inches, in which a groove was cut, and a wooden rail five by seven
inches placed with the inner edge champered off, and to which was
spiked down a flat iron bar three-quarters of an inch in thickness and
two inches wide.
The State simply transported the produce and merchandise but did
not handle it. The State charged for hauling wheat to Monroe, sixty-
seven miles, twelve cents per bushel.
I owned and operated a large warehouse and there were five others
in town. The warehouseman got three cents for storing and shipping,
one cent for buying, which, added to the twelve cents freight, made
sixteen cents, and three cents for storage at Monroe made nineteen
cents, the cost to the farmer to take his wheat from the team at
Hillsdale and place it on board of a vessel at Monroe, sixty-seven
miles. A load for a freight car was one hundred bushels and that
in bags.
Now, what have the great railroads, or as they say, the great
monopolies, done for the farmers? They take, today, his wheat from
Chicago to New York all the way by rail, and deliver it in Liverpool
for less than it cost to transport it from a team in Hillsdale and place
it on board of a vessel at Monroe forty-five years ago, and yet they
think, or seem to think, these great railroads their enemies, and are
ready to make war on them in every possible way. The railroads
barely get justice from a jury of farmers.
Now another item of progress is shown more completely in trans-
porting the mails. At the time I speak of, the Great Western mail
from New York and New England came up by stage, along the south
shore of Lake Erie in winter, by boat in summer; to Hillsdale by rail
from Monroe, and was transported to Chicago on the boot of a stage
for six years. Now there passes every evening a fast mail train of
eight cars with twenty or thirty postal clerks, and another on the Air
Line, besides all the mail carried over the Michigan Central.
These two items in our commercial history show the progress this
State has made more perfectly than any other I know of. Here was a
railroad built by the people themselves, the State of Michigan, and
charging the farmer more for transporting and handling his wheat
sixty-seven miles, than it now, this seventh day of June, 1893, costs to
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES. 283
transport it one thousand miles by rail, and three thousand miles by
steamer to Liverpool or London, and yet the farmer appears to think
these great corporations their worst enemies, are ready to fight them
on all occasions.
I suppose it to be true that the two great railroads of this State,
the Michigan Central and the Michigan Southern, are managed by as
hightoned, honorable business men, as any other great business
interests in the country; that any party having a just claim is sure to
get a prompt and honorable settlement. It only discloses an unhealthy
public sentiment, that has taken hold of the public mind, which has
largely been built up by the unthinking public press and ought to be
corrected.
The Michigan Southern was sold to a company in the winter of 1846
and 1847 for $500,000, having cost the State $1,400,000. The company
had ten years to pay it in, ten per cent down and ten per cent per
year payable in the State indebtedness, which was then worth but
forty-two cents on the dollar. The late Henry Waldron, John P. Cook,
C. W. Ferris and myself took $10,000 each of the stock. At that time
we could not have raised $10,000 all together but we still thought it a
good business venture. My first $1,000 that 1 was to pay down cost me
$420. The next year the road earned enough to pay the ten per cent,
the third year we had to pay eight of the ten and then the road was
sold, or rather a majority of the stock, to a new company. Soon after
arrangements were made for its extension, supposing we would be
called upon to pay the full amount of our stock we sold out, but made
handsomely on our investment.
At the time I speak of, the south part of the county was a substan-
tial wilderness. Land three miles from town sold for three dollars to
five dollars per acre.
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES OF E. B. WARD, JAMES F. JOY,
LEWIS CASS, AND WM. WOODBRIDGE.
BY FRED CARLISLE.
In undertaking a comparison of men with each other for the pur-
pose of determining what benefit the world, or their fellow men, have
derived by reason of their having lived, demands an analysis as to the
284 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
prominent characteristics manifested to produce the results achieved.
Bonaparte declared that " circumstances make men," and the question
is often mooted whether character be the creation of circumstances or
circumstances the creation of character. If we assume that circumstances
create character we eliminate from it that vital causative energy which
is its essential characteristic, or to assert that circumstances are the
creation of character is to endow character with power not only to
create but to furnish the material for creation. The results of both
these processes, it seems to us, would not be character but caricature.
We, therefore, must admit that circumstances furnish the nutriment for
character, or the food which converts it into blood which is the pro-
cess of assimilation and supplies individual power to act upon circum-
stances. In all the departments of life success depends upon a knowl-
edge preceding all assimilating of the circumstances connected with
each department.
Man standing for the thing, mastered or utilized, all its forces are
in himself as a personal power and a personal intelligence. Character
being the embodiment of things in persons, it is obviously limited in
its sphere to facts and laws it has made its own, out of that sphere it
is comparatively feeble.
Many able lawyers, merchants and generals have been blunderers as
statesmen, thus injustice is often done to the real merits of eminent
men who have been enticed out of their strongholds of character to
venture into unaccustomed fields of exertion where their incapacity is
soon detected. But confine a characteristic man to the matters he has
really mastered and there is in him no blundering, no indecision, no
uncertainty, but a straight decisive activity. " Sure as insight and
rapid as instinct," which is not to be imposed upon by nonsense of any
kind, however prettily you may bedizen it in inapplicable eloquence.
The perfection of character depends on the man's embodying the facts
.and laws of his profession or avocation or object to such a degree of
intensity that power and intelligence are combined.
For knowledge unassimilated does not form part of the mind but is
only attached to it and often blunders as badly as ignorance itself.
While character, in its intrinsic nature is the embodiment of things in
persons; the quality which most distinguishes men of character from
men of passions and opinions, is persistency and the power to continue
in its exercise until the end sought is accomplished. If we scrutinize
the lives of persons who have become eminent in any department of
action, we find it is not so much their brilliancy or fertility as their
constancy of effort that makes them great. The heads of such men are
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES.-CAVELTER DE LA SALLE. 285
not merely filled with ideas, purposes and plans, but the primary
characteristics of their natures and secret of their success is that labor
cannot weary nor obstacles discourage them.
The distinction between the strong and the weak is that one persists,
the other hesitates, falters, trifles and at last collapses. We have thus
attempted to define the combination of the elements of human nature,
and to indicate the great vital fact in human affairs that all influential
powers in all departments of practical, intellectual, and moral energy,
is that expression of character by forcible persisting and calculable
persons, who have grown up into statures more or less colossal through
an assimilation of material or spiritual realities.
This fact makes production the test and measure of power; it also
imprints on production the mental and moral imperfections of that
power and with a kind of sullen sublimity declares, " That as a man is
so shall his work be." The possession of these elements and the results
reached by their exhibition is demonstrated and exemplified in the
lives and acts of those men to whom Michigan is especially indebted
for its present prosperous condition.
Among those names first associated with. the discovery and first set-
tlement of Michigan are those of Sieur de la Salle and de la Motte
Cadillac.
The former was born at Rouen, France, in 1643, of an honorable
family, and named Robert Cavelier. He was educated among the
Jesuits, but being dissatisfied with theology he chose that of science,
the pursuit of which led him at the age of twenty-three to sail for
Canada, or New France, where he first met Frontenac, then governor,
between whom a strong friendship was formed which continued until
the latter's recall to France. Parkman says, he was a man full of
schemes of ambition and gain. Other of his biographers insist that
the love of money was foreign to his nature, but was secondary to his
desire to discover a passage to China across the continent, and in the
event of failure to anticipate the Spaniards and English and colonize
the great west with Frenchmen, to develop its resources, make friends
with the Indian tribes, to obtain control of the mouth of the Missis-
sippi, and thus secure an outlet for a vast trade which should redound
to the benefit of his native country. The last would seem to be, in the
main, the ruling object of his life, for, while he did not find a direct
route to China, he explored the whole southwest to the mouth of the
Mississippi and established posts in Michigan and at numerous inter-
vening points between it and the mouth of the Mississippi and took
possession of all the vast territory watered by the latter stream in the
286 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893,
name of the king of France. Unfortunately he was not permitted to
enjoy the fruits planted through toil, personal pecuniary loss, and the
jealousies and persecutions of enemies in the old and new world, for
on returning from France, through a mistake of his navigator, the
mouth of the Mississippi was passed and he landed at Matagorda Bay,
Texas, where, after building a fort, which he named St. Louis, he
remained three years exploring the country, and while on one of these
expeditions was murdered by one of his own men, March 20, 1687.
Antoine de la Motte Cadillac, born at Toulouse, France, in 1661, was
educated for the army and came to Quebec in 1682, was appointed to
the command of Michilimackinac in 1694. In 1699 he visited France
and laid before the king his plans for the establishment of a permanent
settlement at Detroit. His plans meeting the approval of the king, he
returned and July 24, 1701, founded the first settlement of a civil and
permanent character in Michigan.
It is needless to enter into details of the events that transpired
during the nine years he was commandant at Detroit.
It is sufficient that, against the wishes of the Canadian company and
in opposition to the intrigues of designing men, he succeeded in
founding a town composed of civilians, who made substantial improve-
ments for those times, that he succeeded in inducing many of the
Indians to adopt the customs of the whites, that he established schools
where the children of both the whites and the Indians received
instruction, that he encouraged the clearing and cultivation of the
lands, erected mills, that from time to time he sent out men to explore
and establish posts elsewhere throughout the territory.
In short he did more to civilize the surrounding Indian tribes and to
excite in them a disposition to emulate the customs and habits of their
French neighbors, than did all his successors the fifty-one years during
which Michigan was under French or English rule. Both La Salle
and Cadillac were alike courageous and determined men and exercised
great influence over the Indian tribes, but each manifested it differently.
The former maintained his authority over the Indians through their
fear; the latter held them through their love. Both had incurred the
animosity of the colonial government and were forced to appeal to the
king. Neither profitted pecuniarily through the labor, privations, and
dangers they encountered. The former had spent over twenty years in
pursuit of his grand scheme to make for himself fame as a discoverer
and, doubtless, looked for the time when both wealth and power should
be his reward. His heart, however, was in the work of discovery and
in this field there are no brighter names in American history. Cadillac
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES. LEWIS CASS. 287
had given the best years of his life in his endeavor to promote civili-
zation by means which should preserve its barbarous inhabitants, and
the measure of success he achieved in this direction is strong evidence
against the heartless theories which have led to their destruction, His
name should always hold a prominent place in Michigan's history.
As but little notable progress was made in the way of civilized
improvements in Michigan after the removal of Cadillac, we pass from
that period through French and English rule to 1813-14, at which time
Lewis Cass and William Woodbridge became prominently connected
with the affairs of the territory.
LEWIS CASS.
Lewis Cass was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1783.
Was appointed military governor of the territory of Michigan, October
14, 1815, and the following year made permanent governor, with
William Woodbridge as secretary. The war of 1812-15 had but closed,
the population had been scattered and was still exposed to the ravages
of the hostile Indians. A brave, sagacious and firm hand was therefore
needed to restore order and confidence, as well as to rebuke outrages
perpetrated by the English authorities in Canada under the plea that
they had a right to invade the territory in search of and arrest
deserters from their army.
General Cass acted in these emergencies with energy and promptness.
What the territory now needed was more people and he immediately
took the necessary steps to induce them to come and assuming that
the survey of lands, which had been directed, would soon be completed,
he began to lay out that portion of the territory, where the Indian
iitle had been extinguished, into Wayne county with its seat of justice
at Detroit, and to divide the whole territory into road districts.
Monroe county was established in 1817, just after Indiana had been
admitted as a state. Illinois was admitted in 1818, thus leaving Michi-
gan territory to embrace all north of those states. In all the measures
in bringing about these results, the interests of Michigan proper were
carefully guarded by Governor Cass so that by the year 1818 the terri-
tory began to grow in population and in substantial improvements.
In 1819 its population had reached the number authorized under the
ordinance of 1787 to form a representative government, and this gave
occasion for General Cass 10 show himself in advance of any statesman
of his time in his ideas of popular interference in the selection of
public officers, adhering as he did with great tenacity to the doctrine
that the people should have a direct voice in appointments generally.
288 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
He continued to hold the position of governor until 1831. During
his term of seventeen years, he secured the respect of the men of all
parties, which he retained during his life, notwithstanding party spirit
at times ran high and apparently disregarded personal considerations or
relations in the desire for party success; all, however, recognized his
devotedness to Michigan, for, whether as secretary of war, secretary of
State, or as minister to France, or as United States senator, he ever
manifested for Michigan and all that concerned it, that it was ever first
and uppermost in his thoughts. His last public demonstration evinced
for and loyalty to it and the ' constitution. He died at Detroit June
17, 1866.
WILLIAM 'WOODBRIDGE.
Governor William Woodbridge, a native of Connecticut, was born
August 20, 1780, and in 1791 removed with his father to Ohio, then a
territory.
He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1806. In 1807 he
was a member of the Ohio assembly and state senator from 1809 to
1814, when President Madison appointed him secretary of the territory
of Michigan.
He also acted as governor and superintendent of Indian agencies in
the absence of the governor and was collector of customs. In 1819 he
was the choice of all parties for delegate to congress, inasmuch as the
right of the territory to be represented in congress was obtained
.through his efforts. As a delegate he secured an appropriation to con-
struct roads from Detroit to Fort Gratiot, Chicago, and through the
black swamp to the Miami river in Ohio. He also secured the settle-
ment of the old French claims and was instrumental in securing aid
for General Cass' expedition to Lake Superior and the upper Miss-
issippi. Refusing a second -election as delegate to congress, he acted
as secretary until 1824, when he was appointed one of the commission-
ers to adjust private land claims. In 1828 President Adams appointed
him judge of the supreme court. He was a member of the constitu-
tional convention in 1835, and state senator in 18H8-9, and was elected
governor and served as such until 1841, when he was chosen United
States senator, both Whigs and Democrats uniting in his election.
After serving his term as senator he retired to private life. He died
October 20, 1861.
Gov. Woodbridge was a man of decided opinion and firm in his con-
victions of right and fearless in expressing them. While occupying
the numerous public positions of honor and trust he was distinguished
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES. CAPTAIN EBER B. WARD. 289
for the impartial and just manner in which he administered and
executed the requirements they imposed.
Although General Cass and Governor Woodbridge differed on politi-
cal questions, neither suffered them to interfere in the discharge of
their respective duties and obligation to public interests and the good
of Michigan. Each enjoyed the confidence and respect of all classes of
the people. Both came to Michigan when its affairs were in a chaotic
.state, and were instrumental in bringing them to that condition of
order, which resulted in paving the way to its present proud position
among its sister states. Neither of them became personally interested,
pecuniarily, in large enterprises, yet so far as encouragement and weight
of influence could promote, it was exercised in the interests of all that
tended to advance the material growth of the State and the develop-
ment of its resources.
CAPTAIN EBEE B. WARD.
While his parents were on their way from Vermont to the west,
through Canada, they were compelled to delay at New Hamborough,
Upper Canada, where Captain Eber Brock Ward was born December
25, 1811. His parents brought him to Michigan and with them he
bore the privations, trials and hardships incident to pioneer life.
At twenty-two years of age we find him at work on the farm of his
uncle Samuel Ward, of St. Clair county. In the winter of 1835-6 he
assisted his uncle in getting out ship timber, and in the spring of
1836 purchased of his uncle a quarter interest in a small schooner.
Thus commenced a partnership which continued during the life of his
uncle. In 1840 the firm built its first steamer, and in 1845 it owned
and controlled a feet of twenty steamers and sail vessels. In the latter
year he ran two steamers on Lakes Michigan and Erie in connection
with the Michigan Central railroad. This service he continued until
that road had reached Chicago and the Great Western road was com-
pleted and connected with it at Detroit. The Ward vessels afterward
did a large general transportation business on Lakes Erie, Huron,
Michigan, and Superior. During a portion of this period Capt. Ward
became interested in the mines of Lake Superior, and also in the pine
lands lying along the shores of Lakes Michigan and Huron, and soon
afterward projected and saw completed the Flint and Pere Marquette
railroad across the northern portion of the State. In 1864 he reduced
his vessel interests somewhat, devoting his means to mining and manu-
facturing and in the course of a few years had rolling mills at
37
290 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
Wyandotte, Chicago, and Milwaukee, and had established large manu-
facturing industries at Ludington, Toledo, Saginaw, and Flint.
Among the most remarkable characteristics of Capt. Ward was his
wonderful business ability and his capacity for organizing industrial
enterprises. Perhaps no single individual in the United States did so
much to disseminate information on the subject of promoting home
industries as Captain Ward.
As he has often repeated to the writer, he believed that the best
philanthropy of the age was that which afforded the greatest amount
of remunerative labor to the working men of the country. His heart
was large, his charity abundant, his forethought and foresight wonderful,
his will power indomitable, and his physical and moral courage
dauntless.
JAMES F. JOY.
About the time when Capt. Ward had successfully established his
lines of steamers upon the lakes (1846), James F. Joy and his associ-
ates had negotiated with the State for the purchase of the Michigan
Central railroad, then constructed to Kalamazoo. In consequence of
financial embarrassment, the credit of the State was so impaired as to
be totally unable to meet its obligations or to provide the means for
completing its public works which had been projected and commenced
under the legislative acts of 1836-7. The Michigan Central railroad
was among them.
It was then, when the State was on the eve of bankruptcy, that
Mr. Joy and his associates came to its rescue and purchased this road
and extended it to Chicago. At this time it was the first great line
of railroad to enter that city with a population of between 8,000 and
10,000.
Having reached this point, Mr. Joy saw that the Michigan Central
must have connections west, and starting from Chicago with his
engineers, he projected the present Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
railroad across the Mississippi at Quincy and the Missouri at Kansas
City; made its connections with the Hannibal and St. Joseph; thence
extending a branch to Fort Kearney, Nebraska, and Fort Scott, Indian
territory, established a continuous line from these points to Detroit.
In the extension of the Hannibal, and St. Joseph road to Kansas City
he spanned the river with the first iron bridge across the Missouri,
and constructed the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf railroad to the
Indian territory and Kansas City; the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs
road from Kansas City to Council Bluffs. When returning to Michigan
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES. JAMES F. JOY. 291
he, between the years 1861 and 1870 projected and completed the
Detroit, Lansing and Northern; Detroit and Bay City; Air Line, from
Jackson to Niles; Jackson, Lansing and Saginaw; Chicago and West
Michigan; Kalamazoo and South Haven, and the Wabash from Detroit
to Chicago.
He is at present the president of the Detroit union depot and its
railway connections, and planned the present union depot buildings in
Detroit, which are pronounced to be the most complete of any west of
New York.
From 1846 to the present, Mr. Joy has been the chief factor in the
construction of over two thousand three hundred miles of railroads in
Michigan, and the promoter of over six thousand miles of the railroads
and their connection entering the city of Detroit.
Mr. Joy was born at Durham, New Hampshire, Dec. 2, 1810. A
kind providence has permitted him to live and retain his mental and
physical powers in vigor as full as that of his early manhood, and to
contemplate the changes which have taken place through his instru-
mentality, to view the forests disappear and to be replaced by prosper-
ous cities and towns, and the great highways constructed which con-
nects and promotes their growth, to witness the progress of art and
the advance of learning and the increase of an intelligent population.
It cannot be regarded as fulsomeness when we say that both the
present and future generations of Michigan should recognize Mr. Joy
as one of the prominent factors in promoting many of the changes
which have occurred within fifty years in Michigan, as well as in the
states. west, directly through his agency.
The characteristics manifested by both Captain Ward and Mr. Joy
-are similar in respect to their great undertaking, for what seemed to
others boldness in conception, were to them the product of careful
thoughts and well matured plans, while neither permitted ordinary
obstacles to interfere with their consummation, at the same time both
recognized that personal interests should be subordinate to public good,
while doubtless personal gain entered into their calculations, still the
ruling motive with them was to meet the demands of general business
necessities.
Both found in Michigan and its surroundings a field for the exercise
of their power to conserve, perfect and complete large enterprises,
where millions of money was required but where millions of men and
women would be correspondingly benefited.
While Captain Ward was covering the waters of the great lakes with
liis fleet vessels, Mr. Joy was reducing distances with the iron rail,
292 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
thus cooperating, they afforded the workingman compensating employ-
ment; the farmer and manufacturer ready sale for their products^ and
commenced the facilities for transportation and paved the way for the
development of all the natural resources of this great State.
Thus, while we have referred to these few names of Michigan's pio-
neers as demonstrating and exemplifying, in their lives and acts, the
possession and assimilation of those elements which form what we have
sought in our introduction to define as constituting character, there
are hundreds of the pioneers of Michigan whose names and lives
remind us as having manifested the possession of these attributes, to
whom Michigan is greatly indebted for its development of material
wealth as well as in literature, and an educated and refined population.
Gladly would we refer to them and detail the evidences of their
influence in bringing our State to its present condition, but time and
space will not permit it.
EAILEOAD HTSTOEY OF MICHIGAN.
BY JAMES F. JOY.
The territorial legislature of Michigan, as early as 1833, passed an
act to incorporate the Detroit and St. Joseph railroad company. The-
object of the company was to build a railroad from Detroit to St.
Joseph, on Lake Michigan. This was the first mention in the legisla-
tion of the State of any railroad to Detroit. There was, at that time,
but little railroad constructed in the whole country. The Boston and
Lowell, and the Boston and Worcester were all in New England.
Albany to Schenectady and a commencement of the road from Schenec-
tady west only, were about all the railroads in the United States north
of Mason aud Dixon's line. What a difference between now and then!
The Detroit and St. Joseph railroad company was commenced and
under great difficuties was in progress and some work done between
Detroit and Ypsilanti, in 1836, when the State determined to undertake
to build that road through to St. Joseph, to be called the Central
RAILROAD HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 293
road, and also one from Monroe, and one from the foot of Lake Huron,
also, to Lake Michigan. The terminus of the Central road was fixed
on the Campus Martius, where the city hall now stands. It came into
the city along Michigan avenue, then called the Chicago road. At one
time it extended from the Campus Martius along down through Wood-
ward avenue to the border of the Detroit river, and that part of it was
constructed by Thomas Palmer (father of the Hon. Thomas W. Palmer)
under a contract with the railroad commissioners representing the
State. It was a singular movement and illustrates how little the
business to come was understood. To build a railroad through the
middle of the street and on to the river at the foot of a hill, with no
station or station grounds upon which to do business, and with no plan
to acquire any, and with no possibility of doing so for such an
approach, would hardly commend itself to the judgment of a railway
man of the present day. It is needless to say that that part of the
road was never used for any purpose and was soon taken up.
In March, 1837, the legislature passed an act, under which it under-
took the construction of the three railroads above mentioned across
the State, and authorized a State loan on the bonds of the State for
$5,000,000 to enable it to build them.
Both the amount of money which was thought adequate for the
construction of about six hundred miles of railroad, and the history of
the negotiation of the bonds, proves how little the cost of railroads
was then understood, and how unfit the then authorities were to
manage such negotiations. The parties with whom the business was
transacted failed, and as the sale was on the credit of the State, it
never received but a portion of the money, and was involved in many
difficulties, both embarrassing its own work, detrimental to its credit,
and causing it to be treated as a repudiating State, because it refused
to pay bonds upon which it had never received the money agreed to
be paid for them.
The State, however, had undertaken the work of internal improve-
ment. But it soon became bankrupt. It did not build a mile of the
northern road. It built but a few miles of the Michigan Southern
from Monroe (now Lake Shore and Michigan Southern). In the course
of about eight years it did build the Central to Kalamazoo. It was
built with strap rail, so called, about half an inch thick, laid upon
wood stringers, which in turn were laid on cross beams or ties sunk
or buried in the ground. To accomplish even this the whole means
and credit of the State were exhausted. It used its credit abroad
where it had any. It then resorted to forced loans in the form of
294 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
bills or notes of the State, similar to bank notes, in which it paid for
materials and labor till even they could not be used. In 1846 it had
become so utterly without credit that it was compelled to negotiate the
sale of all its public works, and among them the Central road from
Detroit to Kalamazoo. What a difference again between the condition
of affairs then, and the credit and ability of the very prosperous and'
great State of Michigan of the present day!
The Michigan Central charter, proposing a sale to a corporation, to-
be formed to take and complete the road as provided and agreed in
the charter, was passed in 1846. The company was to finish it through
to the lake at New Buffalo, instead of St. Joseph, within three years;;
to relay the already built road as well as the new with sixty pound-
iron rail; to change its eastern terminus from the Campus Martius and
the entrance by the Chicago road (as it was then called), over a new
line to the river, where it should acquire adequate yards for its
business.
The company which took the road was a strong one. It complied
with its charter, and within the three years the road was built to New
Buffalo and a harbor constructed there, and the through business by
water and rail between Chicago and New York and New England
commenced over the road. It was the first considerable road built in
the west. The business then begun has been every year increasing in
magnitude, though there are five or more roads from Chicago east, all
competing for the through business. In three years more it was
extended to Chicago, and the first great railroad from the east entered
that city, then containing from 8,000 to 10,000 inhabitants, hardly as
large as Detroit at the same time.
The sale of the Central road to the corporation and the resulting
construction of the road, gave great impulse to the progress of both the
city and State. The Southern was sold and also constructed through
to Chicago.
The Detroit and Pontiac railroad was chartered in 1834 to build a
road between Detroit and Pontiac. It was undertaken with inadequate
means, and it was many years, even, before it reached Pontiac. It
originally came into the city on the north side of the Campus Martius,
where the Detroit opera house now stands. In 1850 it was authorized
to extend to the river, and also to extend through Pontiac and
connect with the Oakland and Ottawa road, which, when built, was to
extend to Lake Michigan. This plan was carried through, and the two
roads consolidated constitute the present Detroit, Grand Haven and
Milwaukee railroad.
RAILROAD HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 295
A charter had been passed by the legislature for the construction of
a railroad from Detroit to Toledo at the session of 1846, to be called
the Detroit and Monroe railroad, and some efforts were made to build it,
but all failed, and the charter by its limitations expired. In 1855 the
first general railroad law was enacted, and under it the Detroit, Monroe
and Toledo Railroad Company was organized in the same year, and the
road constructed by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern stockholders
in the interest of that company, which now is in control of the Lake
Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company.
It is a valuable piece of the property of that prosperous company.
Now came on a panic and but little was done in the way of building
railroads for several years.
In 1871 the Detroit and Lansing railroad was organized under the
general law and was built through to Lansing. It was afterwards, in
1876, consolidated with the Ionia and Lansing, and now constitutes the
Detroit, Lansing and Northern railroad. It is an important and valuable
road to both city and county.
In 1871 the Detroit and Bay City was organized, and quickly built
through to both Saginaw and Bay City, and now constitutes a portion
of the line from Detroit to Mackinac. These two roads were built
largely by those interested in the Michigan Central Company.
About the time of the construction of these two roads, or perhaps
earlier, the Canada Southern, and Chicago and Canada Southern had
been undertaken by capitalists living in New York, with the purpose
of erecting a shorter line between Chicago and Buffalo, as well as one
of the easiest grades to cross the Detroit river at Grosse Isle. The
enterprise proved a failure and the company became bankrupt.
The whole plan fell through. The Chicago and Canada Southern
being partly built from Trenton west, was extended from Trenton to
Detroit, and subsequently from Trenton to Toledo, and became the
property of the Michigan Central Company.
The Canada Southern, also in Canada, having been insolvent for
some years, was acquired by the Michigan Central and extended from
Essex Center, in Canada, to Detroit, and now constitutes a part of the
through line of the Michigan Central from Chicago to Buffalo, all the
business crossing the river at Detroit.
Next to the Michigan Central the most important road for Detroit for
many years was the Great Western of Canada, extending from Windsor,
opposite Detroit, to Niagara Falls.
The Michigan Central had been completed to Chicago, and had been
296 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
in operation several years before the Great Western was undertaken.
There was no road through Canada.
The travel and business was across Lake Erie on magnificent steam-
ers, constituting the Michigan Central line between Detroit and
Buffalo. A splendid line of boats, and constituting a most pleasant as
well as magnificent mode and route for both pleasure and business.
The Great Western Railroad Company owed its origin to the Michi-
gan Central Company. The men at the head of the latter company
were its promoters. They enlisted with them the New York Central
Company, and started into life the interest of Canada all along the line
of the proposed road, and at Detroit. By the united strength of all, the
required life was given to the enterprise, and the road was built, though
with immense difficulty and effort. It was the first road built in
Canada. It was injured by the alliance of the Michigan Central with
the Canada Southern, and finally fell into the control of the Grand
Trunk, of which system it is now a part, and is known only as Grand
Trunk.
The Detroit and Port Huron branch of the Grand Trunk road was
built entirely by this company in about 1855, and was for many years
its main line for all through business connecting with the Michigan
Central Road at West Detroit, and for many years all the large busi-
ness of the Grand Trunk to and from the west was done by that road.
It is now reduced to a mere local road by the extension of the Grand
Trunk connections to Chicago.
The Detroit, Butler and St. Louis Railroad, extending from Detroit
to Butler in Indiana, was undertaken in 1880 by public spirited citizens
of Detroit to connect the Wabash Railroad with the city of Detroit.
It was undertaken after all means had failed to bring that great sys-
tem to Detroit. Negotiations had been had to use one of the lines
between Detroit and Toledo, and obtain the connection that way, but
it was found impossible to accomplish it, and no other way remained
but to build a new road. As above stated, it was undertaken by citi-
zens of Detroit, and finally the road was completed in 1881. At Butler
it connected with the Wabash, making a very straight line by that
road to St. Louis, and opened the southwest, Indiana, Illinois and
Missouri to the business of Detroit, and brings largely the productions
of those fertile states to and through Detroit.
The last of the railroads connecting with Detroit has been the
Canadian Pacific. It is another road from Detroit to all the eastern
centers of the Dominion of Canada, and all the eastern states of the
United States. It is destined to become one of the great through
RAILROAD HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 297
routes of the country, connecting as it does at Detroit with both Chi-
cago and St. Louis railroads, and by them reaching the whole west and
northwest of this country.
The condition of several of the roads connecting with Detroit has
made necessary many depots and stations for their accommodation. To
accomplish their establishment and construction, several of the citizens
of Detroit have united together and established at first the Detroit
Union Railroad Depot and Station Company, and constructed it with a
connecting railroad through the western section of the city to the
Wabash and other railroads there, and have also brought about the
establishment of the Fort Street Union Depot Company, principally as
a passenger station. This brings the roads nearer to the center of
the city and furnishes as convenient a passenger station as is perhaps
possible. These depot and station establishments are as important,
perhaps, to promote the convenience of the public, as any public
improvement which has been undertaken at Detroit, save the sale of
the Central railroad to the company now owning it.
In looking back over the progress of many years of the State and
city in prosperity, the transfer of the Central road to the present com-
pany must be considered the most effective in its influence upon the
prosperity of the whole State as well as of the city. It was a strong
company. The influence of the company upon property was immediate
and has been constant. Its strength has been felt in the construction
of many other railroads, lateral and otherwise, extending largely over
the State, and always tending to bring the benefit of all its connections
to the city. While contributing greatly and immensly to the interests
of the whole State, it has equally been the largest factor in the prog-
ress and prosperity of the city of Detroit. Each new enterprise has
done much, and all of them in the aggregate have contributed to carry
forward the State from its bankrupt condition to its present state
of prosperity and wealth, and build up the present large and prosper-
ous Detroit. While, therefore, all have been valuable, the Michigan
Central has been always easily the most important factor in the State's
prosperity.
JAMES F. JOY TELLS HOW HE WENT INTO THE RAILROAD BUSINESS.
[Published in the Detroit Free Press, May 1, 1892.]
Discoursing with Mr. James F. Joy on early railroading in the west,
apropos of the recent publication in the Free Press of the experience
of Mr. A. B. Priest as a locomotive engineer for forty-six years and of
38
298 ANNUAL, MEETING, 1893.
Mr. Samuel Skelding as a conductor for a somewhat longer period, Mr.
Joy was requested to relate how he came to engage in railroad work.
" In the summer of 1845," said Mr. Joy, " Mr. John W. Brooks paid
a visit to Detroit, bringing letters to me from friends in New England.
He came to the office of Joy & Porter, and after several conversations
upon the subject of the Michigan Central railroad, I unfortunately took
the step which led me away from the practice of the noble profession
of law to become a railroad man."
Mr. Joy's eyes twinkled as he made this remark, and he laughed
quietly as his interlocutor looked at him in some surprise. " Without
judging from your standpoint about that, Mr. Joy, I should say that it
was a fortunate thing for Detroit and Michigan for the rest of us
that you took that step."
<l lt was that circumstance of meeting with Mr. Brooks," continued
Mr. Joy, " which engaged me in railroad work and took me into such
enterprises deeper and deeper until they engrossed my whole time.
Perhaps if we look further back it may have been some articles which
I published in the Detroit papers quite a while before this, advocating
the selling of the railroads then owned and operated by the State. If
you will look into the old files you will find several letters on this
subject written by me, a long time before the visit of Mr. Brooks to
the office of Joy & Porter in 1845, and without any thought of
having personally any part in the matter except as a citizen favoring
a sound and proper policy for the State government.
" You must understand that at this time the State of Michigan was
in extreme financial difficulties. It was overburdened with liabilities
and there was no money in the treasury. It could not meet the interest
on the public debt and there was serious action taken looking to the
repudiation of the State's bonded indebtedness. In fact in financial
circles we were looked upon as dishonest, and Michigan was charged
with being a State repudiating its debts. A kind of state treasury
note known as ' scrip ' circulated hazardously at a woeful discount.
That was all the money within the State's resources. The railroads
owned by the State were terribly dilapidated affairs. The rails were of
flat bars, worn and broken into short lengths of a few feet or yards,
and everything was getting worse and no prospects for improvement.
" I will tell you how the State became involved. I knew of it from
the beginning. It started in 1834-35. I was in Augustus Porter's law
office. The men who were influential in public affairs were in the
habit of coming to the office to talk upon subjects relating to the
welfare of the infant State. I heard their discussions and knew of
RAILROAD HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. 299
their projects. Stevens T. Mason was Governor young, impulsive,
gallant and progressive and public improvements were concluded to be
a most necessary thing. A proposition was brought before the Legis-
lature to borrow $5,000,000 for this purpose. It was earnestly dis-
cussed. The Legislature held its meetings in the old capitol, in the
building now somewhat transformed and used by the Detroit high
school. I remember in particular the earnestness of Representative
Elisha Ely of Allegan, a member in 1835, '36, and '37, quite an old
man then, with a young wife, whose vigorous speech favoring internal
improvements brought down the House.
" The loan carried and Gov. Mason and Theodore Romeyn were
appointed a committee to negotiate it. They went to New York and
saw the officers of the United States bank. That institution was then
experiencing the stress of adverse weather. It was toward the close of
Gen. Jackson's administration and it was his policy to abolish the
bank. The officers of the bank therefore told the Michigan envoys
that they could not take the loan, but they would recommend them to
the Morris Canal and Banking Company.
" The Morris Canal and Banking Company was a New Jersey insti-
tution, and an arrangement was soon made with them to loan the
money to the State of Michigan. The terms were not at all favorable,
but they were the best that could be had at the time. Mason was
not a good business man, but he was honest. He turned over to the
New Jersey company bonds to the amount of $5,000,000 and received
as cash in hand between $400,000 and $500,000. I do not now remem-
ber the exact sum, but this amount was given in new bills issued by
the Morris Canal and Banking Company. As I said, Mason handed
over all the bonds; Romeyn should have known better. In exchange
they received a trunk full of the new bills, amounting to $500,000, or
near that sum, and came on to Detroit with the money. It was the
first installment on the loan, and the rest was to be forthcoming later.
" The New Jersey men had placed a private mark on each bank note.
Their object was to see how long the bills would remain in circulation
in the western country, then considered to be so remote, before they
would come back to the bank for redemption! Mr. Romeyn did not
know of the private mark on the bills.
" The trunk and its contents were taken to the Michigan State Bank
of which Mr. Norton was then the cashier. The money was recounted
and, to the consternation of everybody, found to be $5,000 short. A
singular thing was that the missing $5,000 was not taken in complete
packages, but bills were extracted here and there from the different
300 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
packages of the trunk. Probably this careful selection was done with
the idea of avoiding the risk of tracing bank notes consecutively num-
bered. At any rate, bills were missing from the several packages, and
the amount was $5,000.
" There was a great ado over this discovery. Gov. Mason was greatly
distressed about it. He finally concluded not to pay out any of the
money. The trunk full of new bills continued to remain sealed and
undisturbed in the custody of the Michigan State Bank. It was said
that the Governor met Mr. Komeyn on the street and pointedly
remarked to him: 'Bomeyn, they say either you or I stole that $5,000.
I will take my oath that I did not steal it.' One day, quite a while
later, the missing money was returned through the mail, the package
bearing the stamp of the postoffice at Cleveland, O. The deficiency
being thus made good, the State was ready to make a beginning on its
work of internal improvements, and had a little money to start on.
" Before all the five millions were paid over I think, in fact, before
as much as two millions were paid over the United States Bank had
failed, the Morris Canal and Banking Company had failed, and over
$5,000,000 of bonds had been sent to Europe to satisfy creditors of
those institutions over there. Michigan was called upon to pay inter-
est and principal on five millions of dollars, and had realized much
less than half that amount from the loan. The State had been cheated,
and this fact, of course, gave rise to the indignation and complaint of
citizens, the danger of repudiation, and troubles legislative, political
and financial, which made us very unhappy for a long time. The end
of it was, after years of disagreement, a compromise; the State
redeeming principal and interest at the rate of $483.89 for each $1,000
bond that it recognized as valid, which goes to show that it had not
realized much more than forty per cent of the whole loan.
"This loan, this $5,000,000, which amounted as a definite sum, paid into
the State, to probably not more than $2,000,000, was to be used to con-
struct three railroads across this peninsula and one canal. One rail-
road was to start from Monroe the southern road; one was to start
from Detroit the central road; and one was to start from Port Huron
the northern road. The canal was to begin at Mt. Clemens, and by
utilizing the Clinton river and lakes and streams which might serve as
feeders, connect with the Grand river, and reach a water outlet at Lake
Michigan. Some money a good deal of money for those days was
expended on all of these projects. The Central railroad was by far the
most advanced in construction of them all, the day John W. Brooks
came into Joy & Porter's office. It was the chief trunk line of the
RAILROAD HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 301
State. It extended to Marshall. The Southern road was finished after
a fashion as far as Hillsdale.
"John W. Brooks was then about 27 years old, a man of great
energy and ability, of ideas and industry, educated as a civil engineer
and at this time was the superintendent of the Syracuse and Rochester
railroad. This road, now known as the 'old road' of the New York
Central, ran from Syracuse via Auburn and Canandaigua to Rochester.
Previous to this, at the age of 25, Brooks had worked on the con-
struction of the Boston and Maine railroad as assistant chief engineer.
When that railroad was completed and no other work of that kind
offered, he went to the lumber woods of Maine and was energetically
applying himself there when he was called to take charge of the road
in New York. As the superintendent of this line, he soon came to have
a knowledge of the growing west and the sources of traffic for his rail-
road. Besides, he wanted to engage in some great enterprise. My
letters to the newspapers satisfied him that the State would never
complete the Central railroad to a port on Lake Michigan, and being
ambitious to do this work he came to Detroit to look over the ground
and confer with me. I consented to act with him, drew a charter for
the railroad company and was to endeavor to get the legislature to
authorize the sale of the road. Brooks, already having some conditional
or partial assurances of backing from capitalists at Boston, was to pro-
ceed to organize a company to purchase the road, complete it and
operate it.
" The legislature met in December. The strongest opposition imagin-
able was aroused against the bill to sell the Central railroad to a
chartered company. The opposition was incited by the jealousies of
Monroe and the counties on the route of the Southern road and by
Port Huron and the friends of the Northern railroad, and it was urged
that if the State abandoned the Central to a private company, the
other roads would be crippled, neglected and destroyed. It took until
about the last day of the session to pass the bill. When it had
passed the Monroe people hastened to have a similar measure adopted
for the Southern road. Elisha C. Litchfield, of Detroit, supported by
John Stryker, a capitalist of Rome, N. Y.', undertook to form a
company for the Southern road and succeeded after much difficulty
and delay.
"The charter of the Michigan Central provided that the company
should pay the State $2,000,000 for the road; $500,000 within six
months, and $1,500,000 in twelve months after that, with interest at 6
per cent. A new trouble arose among the capitalists. Many of those
302 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
who had provisionally decided to go into the company, refused when
it came to the pinch, but offered their good will. The terms of our
charter were not enticing, and it was only by great effort and at the
last moment that the company was solidly organized and the money
paid in.
"John M. Forbes was the first president, continuing as such for
many years. He was a tea merchant who had amassed a fortune in
Hong Kong and had invested much of it as a partner in Russell &
Co., bankers and brokers of Boston. John E. Thayer, one of the lead-
ing bankers of Boston, came in; John C. Green, a China merchant;
George Griswold; also, Erastus Corning, a great iron merchant of
Albany, and D. A. Neal. This was in 1846. William Sturges, whose
great wealth had been acquired in the fur trade, and Alexander
Duncan, a New York banker, backed out.
"We went to work, Mr. Brooks as general superintendent, and in
two years had the road completed to New Buffalo. A slip, something
like our ferry landings at Detroit, was constructed in the harbor there,
and small steamers ran across the lake to Chicago in connection with
the railroad. Capt. E. B. Ward, some years before the time I speak
of, had solicited my assistance in forming a company to build a small
steamer for the St. Clair river trade. As I knew nothing of the
steamboat business I did not engage with Capt. Ward. He went on
and built his boat at a cost of $11,000, monopolized the trade between
Detroit and Port Huron, and soon made enough to build the Champion,
one of the boats that afterward connected our line with Chicago. Capt.
Ward also provided two steamers for the Lake Erie connection and
the company provided one, the Mayflower. Mr. Brooks found a field
large enough to take up his best energies, and was happy.
"As we were getting along toward the Lake Michigan terminus, it
came upon us by degrees that the water route was only an expedient
and that it would be necessary in the end to lay our rails into Chicago.
The Southern company was languishing at this time and we might
have bought them out for a small sum. Mr. Brooks and I went to
New York to secure the approval of the company. They refused to
accept the proposition," said Mr. Joy, with a manifestation of his
surprise, which, no doubt, the course of events since that proposal was
made has amply justified.
" The Michigan Southern could get no suitable port on Lake Mich-
igan unless it was St. Joseph, and this was not satisfactory to them.
Their charter required them to go through Niles. For our part we
wished to go through Indiana, but could obtain no charter in that
RAILROAD HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 303
state. A railroad had been chartered by the Indiana legislature to run
across the northern counties of the state taking in Laporte, South
Bend, etc., and it was known as the Northern Indiana. Nothing had
been done on this road arid in the year 1848 I negotiated with the
Northern Indiana company for the purchase of its charter for $50,000.
" I was well satisfied with this purchase and so was Mr. Brooks. He
wrote me a letter commending it, using all the obvious arguments for
an all-rail route to Chicago, and closed with a prediction that in
twenty years Chicago would have a population of 200,000 people. I
hastened to New York and saw President Forbes and the directors.
The matter apparently received favorable consideration until that
portion of Brooks' letter was reached prophesying 200,000 people for
Chicago in 1868 and the prospects of traffic with such a city. That
unfortunate prediction spoiled the bargain. I remember distinctly the
incredulous attitude of the directors. They were undoubtedly the
foremost business men of their day the men engaged in the largest
enterprises, and they scoffed at this prediction. They looked upon the
man who made it as visionary, so lacking in judgment that they would
not pin their faith upon him. Therefore they rejected the proposition
to acquire the Northern Indiana for $50,000, and we continued to make
connections with Chicago by boat across the lake. .
"The Michigan Southern people stepped in, and when it was offered
them bought the charter of the Northern Indiana, and commenced to
lay rails through that state from White Pigeon to Elkhart through for
Chicago. To retrieve the Michigan Central, I went to Indianapolis
and labored with the Indiana legislature for a charter to cross the
state. The Michigan Southern people fought me. I retaliated in the
Michigan legislature against them for their failure to run to Niles, as
provided in their charter. Stopping at White Pigeon was a long way
short of Niles. They called upon the Northern Indiana towns Elkhart,
Laporte, South Bend, Goshen for reinforcements. Schuyler Colfax,
afterwards vice president of the United States, joined with them. I
could not get my charter through. At last we agreed, both sides, to
leave Indianapolis and stop the fight.
" The Indiana legislature had chartered a road called the New Albany
and Salem to build a north and south line. The road had a few miles
constructed on its southern end. Before I left Indianapolis these
people came to me and suggested that I could use their charter. I
examined it and found that by inserting certain amendments, author-
izing the company to extend its line to a point or points off from the
main line, to locate any section of its road that it might find expedient,
304 ANNUAL MEETING, 1893.
and to build first any section that it might choose in short a roving
charter that then the Michigan Central conld avail itself of it.
"I left Indianapolis, the other side did the same. The New Albany
and Salem charter amendments passed without objection. That company
laid out a section of their line from Michigan City, on the Michigan
border, to the Illinois line. The Michigan Central Company effected a
perpetual lease of this charter for the sum of $500,000, and other
engagements in the nature of a mortgage. It was a large price, but
there was no help for it.
"I went east the second time within a year with this patched up
charter to get across the State of Indiana. President Forbes did not
think it was sufficient, and I could not convince him that it was. He
sent for Judge Benj. K. Curtis, of Massachusetts, a great lawyer,
afterwards of the United States supreme court the one who wrote
the famous opinion of the minority of that court in the Dred Scott
case he sent for Judge Curtis and asked his counsel, Judge Curtis
unhesitatingly agreed with me. Mr. Forbes and the directors at once
accepted the charter and ratified the bargain at $500,000.
"Being now free to build our line across Indiana, I said to Presi-
dent Forbes that $500,000 was a high rate of interest to pay for
$50,000.
"He said that it undoubtedly was but that he could now easier pay
$500,000 than he could have paid the $50,000 when that proposal
came up.
"Our next trouble was to get across the state of Illinois. I spent
time at Springfield, trying for a charter that would give us this
privilege. Although I was ably assisted by Abraham Lincoln, I did
not succeed in my efforts. The assistance of the future President
Lincoln availed not as much for our interests in Illinois as the opposi-
tion of the future Vice President Colfax availed against them in
Indiana.
"The difficulty was met by diverting the route of the Illinois
Central, a duly chartered north and south line, by allowing it to come
over to the Indiana border, and thence into Chicago. This was
effected by an amendment to the charter. An agreement was made by
the Michigan Central for the use of its right of way, and the joint
purchase and occupancy of depot grounds in Chicago. That is how it
comes about that these two roads have joined together in all their
improvements at Chicago, and that is briefly the story of a long and
bitterly contested struggle to get the Michigan Central into Chicago.'*
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 305
BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
BY HON. GEO. C. BATES.
[Published in the Detroit Free Press in 1877-8.]
No. I.
BACK THROUGH THE MISTS OF FORTY YEARS.
" Old times have gone; old manners changed." Scott.
Having been for many years a cosmopolitan and a " coast" man, as all
inhabitants of that region lying west of the Missouri river style them-
selves, on the hypothesis that " The Pacific Coast " reaches clear over
to the big muddy.
I long since learned that two meals each day are much more health-
ful and better, and that neither man nor beast can work well on a full
stomach; so I put away as far as possible all dinners at midday, and
taking a light lunch, dine only when the day's work is over. When-
ever the merchants, bankers, business men and professionals adopt this
rule, and work by it, they will find they can do much more labor from
10 a. m., to 4 p. m., than by a break of two hours in midday, and
that the thousands of people who come in on the morning trains to
business and return in the evening will be much better accommodated
than by their present mode of business. Courts especially that sit
from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m., with a ten minute's recess at 1 o'clock can
dispatch more business in one day than in three with a recess of two
hours.
Looking for a light lunch at 1 p. m. yesterday, I saw at the corner
or angle of Griswold and Fort streets the word " Restaurant " in large
letters, and in I rushed for a cup of caf au lait and a sandwich; and as
I sat there and looked through the rain over that splendid city hall;
that exquisite monument to the bravery and blood of Michigan's sons
who died on the land and sea during the war; around over the
Russell House, with its staring array cf windows and blinds and
listened to the clattering of the street cars and merry tinkling of their
39
306 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
bells; and saw all around in every direction the great magazines, ware-
houses and shops of commerce of 125,000 people, memory, bright as
the morning's sunlight, carried me back to the by-gones of
THIS VEEY SPOT FORTY YEARS AGO.
Sipping my coffee, the scene changed, and I saw in my mind's eye
on this identical location including that occupied by the city hall, the
old Baptist church and all of this high ground or knoll, a herd of
wearied cows, muddy and worn out by long travel, stretched here and
there, just brought from Ohio by Mr. Wight for his milk ranch below
town, he then being a hale, hearty, middle aged man, engaged in the
milk business, while today he is a retired man of wealth, slowly pass-
ing away, and shut out from all the glories and beauties of this great
handiwork of God. Between that herd of cattle and the old capitol,
now that beautiful union school house, not one single building was
erected, either on Griswold street or Michigan avenue; but a long nar-
row plank walk over the green sward (for it was May, 1833), to the
capitol, where the "Supreme Court of the Territory of Michigan" was
then in session, was the sole isthmus that connected Detroit with that
beautiful suburb.
At the same time (1833) on the west side of Woodward avenue, just
below Woodbridge street, stood a low, two story, old-fashioned, wooden
building, probably over fifty years old, standing perhaps ten feet back
from the avenue, with a steep roof, dormer windows, and a huge brass
knocker on the door, on w.hich was cut in deep letters "James Abbott."
" The latch string of the old door was always on the outside," for there
lived for many a long year one of Detroit's most active and successful
old-fashioned merchants, a man of figures and of wealth, a sturdy
descendent of an English family, born in Montreal about the year 1791,
who, in the "fur trade," in commission business and supplying the
military posts of Michigan and the Northwest, had accumulated a very
large estate, for he owned nearly half of that whole block, and who
always maintained to his death the character of the fine old English
gentleman, "all of ye olden time," and who amidst a long life of
business entertained with true baronial hospitality all who made his
acquaintance and sought society under his roof.
In those days the merchant princes of Detroit, and Mr. Abbott
especially, lived in small, snug, cosy houses, richly furnished with real
mahogany table spread with solid silver and the finest linen; cellars
full of pure old brandy, Jamaica rum, London port, luscious Maderia,
and sherries that would make the blood dance in one's veins; and the
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 307
richer they grew the more hospitable they became, the more they
entertained with elegant dinners. After business was over splendid
suppers and dancing parties were the order almost every evening, after
navigation was closed until the next summer came.
No better representative home of Detroit, fifty years ago, could be
found than that of James Abbott, on Woodward avenue, and he
himself, his genial, jolly wife, his beautiful daughter Sarah, too soon
to die, A ant Cad Whistler, an antique sister of Mr. Abbott, the most
graceful dancer and waltzer then in Detroit, his then two roystering
wild sons, Madison and Bill Abbott, who sometimes in grand frolic
rode their horses up into the old Mansion House and drank julep and
toddy with Jack Smith from the counter there. All these grouped
in a photographic gallery would tell the story of " By-gones of
Detroit."
But commerce had increased. The old steamers Niagara, Clay,
Sheldon Thompson, had given way to the New York, the Michigan,
and such floating palaces. The docks were crowded in summer with
vessels and Judge Abbott found that he must move away from the
busy, crowded port of Detroit to a quiet retreat in the country remote
from all business, and so he built the then elegant home in which I was
now sitting taking my lunch. At that time, except the homes of John
Palmer and James Williams, directly opposite and where the Moffat
block now stands, and a small, old, wooden building at the rear of
what was the Baptist church, then occupied by Mason Palmer and
Mechanics' Hall, then a small, rickety old shanty, there were no build-
ings in the neighborhood, and when his new home was completed Judge
Abbott flattered himself that he was forever outside of and beyond the
reach of business wants, or business property; that in future years
there he and his children and his children's children could have a
quiet country home, where in peace and quiet they could live and die.
Of the house itself, it may be said that, when finished, it was one of
the most substantial, costly and elegant buildings in Detroit.
"Now stands it there; and none so poor, so low as do it reverence."
But the house was finished, the grass plat prepared, and the rose
bush transplanted from the old home, and with true old-fashioned
hospitality there must be a "house warming," and so invitations,
written in Mr. Abbott's round English hand, bespeaking order, firmness,
health, and true nobility, were sent to all the elite of Detroit to come
and help dedicate that home to comfort, enjoyment, pleasure, and
hospitality. And they came. As I looked into my coffee cup, nearly
308 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
drained, and closed my eyes to the present, memory and fancy, blessed
gifts to man, gave me back that brilliant scene and replaced it in those
then large parlors, dining rooms, chambers, and ante-rooms, long since
gone, never, never to return.
There stood Mr. and Mrs. Abbott, two sturdy specimens of the old
English and French Canadian stock, most richly and elegantly dressed;
not in the Parisian styles, but in the true English mode; poor Sarah
Abbott, such a beauty! Miss Whistler as an aid-de-camp, waiting to
receive their guests, who came to exclaim from their very heart of
hearts, " Peace be upon this house and all beneath it," and who were
welcomed without ostentation or ceremony, but with true old-fashioned
western hospitality. There was Gen. Hugh Brady, one of the noblest,
bravest, truest soldiers that ever trod with undaunted .step the field of
battle, in full uniform, with his staff; Gen. Frank Larned, with hi&
suave and elegant address; Capt. Backus, the son-in-law of Gen. Brady;
ex-Gov. Thompson Mason, Gov. Woodbridge, B. F. H. Witherell,
Augustus S. Porter, Judge Goodwin and a large number of the old
lawyers of Detroit, always ready for a big fee, a frolic, a flirtation.
Major Bob Forsyth, a superb, elegant paymaster, United States army,
Pierre Desnoyers, Chas. Moran, Chancellor Farnsworth, Edmund Brush,
all in complete uniform; Charles C. Trowbridge, John A. Wells, aye,
all the men and women of that day, full of life, hope, joyous, generous,
fraternal, hospitable, were gathered there and then; and the feast of
viands, of music, and of joy, and of wine went merrily on. Such a
supper of elk steaks, roast venison, prairie chicken, buffalo tongues and
beavers' tails, was never excelled in Detroit; and the claret, and sherry,
and Madeira flowed like water, while Jamaica toddies, apple toddies,
egg nogg, Canadian shrub, and hot Scotch and Monongahela whisky
punches came and went, until the long and joyous feast was over; and
even now, here, as memory brings back the aroma of that old Jamaica
toddy and Monongahela whisky, my red ribbon trembles with the
pleasant memory of long time ago.
. But the lights are gone, the music has passed away and nearly all
that gay and happy crowd sleep the last sleep in Elmwood, and here
I sit alone a stranger, with not one single familiar face today to beckon
me beside it, not one friendly hand to bid me to that table where so
long ago I was a welcome guest. Such is life. Thompson Mason,
Gov. Woodbridge, Gens. Brady and Larned, and Forsyth and Kercheval,
and Moran and Witherell, and Farnsworth and Berrien, and Brush,
where are they ? And of all this crowd around ' these tables in this
restaurant, what one single person either knows or cares that they,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 309
these gentlemen and ladies of "by-gone times" were ever here. Pink-
ney, the very greatest and most eloquent lawyer of the Union, said
that " Time, which changes all things, changes man more than all
other things," and it is true.
And here in the Detroit of today, with its broad streets, beautiful
river, magnificent railways, immense and growing commerce, we find
that all is changed, and that, though wealth has increased by millions,
business of all kinds outgrown the hopes of the most sanguine, that,
while there are more churches, more schools, more banks, more business
places, yet that in elegant hospitalities, true fraternity, kindness of
heart, and the practice of Christ's most beautiful command, "Thou
shalt love thy neighbor as thyself," the by-gones were the truest and
the best. My coffee was ended, my sandwich disposed of, and as I
turned from the doors of the restaurant I felt as the dove did when
first coming from the ark, it found no resting place for its foot, but I
offered up a heartfelt prayer for the spirits of our departed friends,
and for all who joined in that house warming long, long time ago of
the Detroit restaurant.
No. II.
THE FIRST STATE ELECTION.
"Memory is the purveyor of reason." Johnson.
"Why seeks he, with unwearied toil,
Through death's dim walks to urge his way,
Redeem his long asserted spoil,
And lead oblivion into day?" Old Mortality.
Forty years ago, just about these days, as the almanacs say, or used
to say, the old democratic and whig parties of Michigan had sounded
their respective bugle calls to action, and our people, then a State not
yet admitted into the Union, were summoned for the first time to elect
their State and county officers in the November election of 1837. That
was the beginning of the political existence of this "Amcenam Penin-
sulani" now one of the finest, richest, purest, noblest and best states
of our grand old Union; and I was there at its birth, God bless it!
Today it counts a million and a half of inhabitants, then it had in the
entire peninsula not more than sixty thousand people. Today its
wealth may be counted by hundreds of millions, then like a new born
310 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
child it had nothing to cover its nakedness. Today its commerce-
sweeps over the great lakes, whizzes over a thousand railways, and
whitens all seas, then a few old steamboats, a dozen sail vessels and
scows, and flats transported all its products.
Now its golden harvests will yield nearly twenty millions, then we-
brought from Ohio and New York the bread we ate. Today our cattle-
and flocks roam over ten thousand miles, then Ruckminster Wight and
a few pioneers furnished us with herds of cattle brought from Ohio,,
and droves of sheep from Ontario and Genesee in New York. Then I
could count the humble school houses of Michigan on my fingers*
twice told, today they, rise in architectural beauty in almost every
square mile of the State. Then here and there plain and unadorned
houses dedicated to God told of our religious culture, today temples-
gorgeous and beautiful in architecture, grand and sublime in style and
ornamentation, costing millions of money, point their gothic spires
from every city, town, village and hamlet upwards toward God's throne
and thus proclaim to the world, that moral and Christian education
go hand in hand with commerce, science and art; while a university r
outnumbering in its pupils those of Cambridge and Oxford and
Gottingen, where every branch of learning, of science, and of art, is-
thoroughly taught by professors, savants, and scientists, the peers of
the wisest and best, gives evidence that all the sons and daughters of
the State, now in its youth and beauty, are bountifully supplied with
the means requisite to make them all educated gentlemen and ladies.
But of all this, "More anon, sir."
Now we have to stop a moment to look on a picture, crude but
truthful, not ideal but realistic, of the first State election ever held in
Detroit or the State. The harvest then, as now, was just over, the
month of August nearly gone.
When the gallant whigs were invited to meet in State convention
at Ann Arbor, there to nominate candidates for governor and State
officers, to be voted for on the first Tuesday of the coming November,
the democrats, in response to a call of their central committee, David
C. McKinstry, John Norvell, Lucius Lyon, Marshall I. Bacon and
Henry Newberry had taken time by the forelock, and determined to
carry the State at all hazzards; had already nominated Stevens T.
Mason for governor and Edward Mundy for lieutenant governor, and
with that most popular ticket had thrown down their gauntlet of defi-
ance, and under such a splendid leader as young Mason bade their
enemies to combat. I need not say to the old citizens of Detroit that
young Mason, just now twenty-one years of age, was the beauideal of
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 311
the democratic party, the cynosure of all eyes, for he was as fine a
specimen of a young Kentucky blood as ever stood on earth. Hand-
some almost as that father whom the Swedish authoress on her visit
here pronounced " the most elegant American gentleman she had ever
met;" his manners were courtly and lordly, his hospitality boundless;
with talents polished, but not of the first rank in oratory; graceful,
captivating, and majestic; a voice uncommonly sonorous, sweet and
musical; a face as handsome, but more robust than Edwin Booth;
manner free and easy, hail fellow well met with all men. Tom Mason
was the very impersonation of the young democracy of Jackson's time.
And there was something in the warm grip of his hand and the jolly
"How are you?" that was worth a thousand votes in every precinct
where the ballot box was open.
Bear in mind that in the fall before (1836), Van Buren had been
elected General Jackson's successor, and that really "Old Hickory's" will
and power and influence still ruled and governed with an iron hand,
while the grand old whig party had for its chieftains brave Harry of
the west, that splendid, gallant, eloquent, and fiery son of Kentucky;
Daniel Webster, the very greatest and ablest of all American states-
men; Willie P. Mangum, of North Carolina; John N. Berrien, of
Georgia; Nat Talmadge and Wm. H. Seward, of New York; Freling-
huysen, of New Jersey, et id omne genus. Party spirit on both sides
was at a perfect white heat, where no quarter on either side was asked
or given, and we cannot appreciate the importance of the first great
canvass in the new State of Michigan.
Well, we met in the old court house in Ann Arbor, just now about to
give way to a more imposing structure, and two days were occupied in
making the journey via Plymouth Corners, where we passed our first
night, and were there joined by Ebenezer Penniman and others, for
Plymouth was the only whig town in Wayne county, and on the next
day, after patriotic resolutions, earnest and eloquent speeches by Jacob
M. Howard, Hezekiah G. Wells, James Wright Gordon, and others, the
convention nominated unanimously Charles C. Trowbridge, of Wayne,
for governor, and Nathaniel I. Bacon, of Monroe, as lieutenant gov-
ernor, two of the oldest citizens of Michigan, two men who had done
as much and contributed as much to the rise, progress and growth of
the territory as any two men ever living within its boundary. Of all
those nominees at that election Charles C. Trowbridge alone survives,
and his life and labors are so interwoven with the conception, birth,
infancy, youth, manhood, wealth, and greatness of our State that they
deserve a special mention in some future sketch. It is enough now to
312 BY GONES OF DETROIT.
say that as cashier and president of the old Bank of Michigan, as
secretary to Governor Cass, so early as 1820-22, as one of the vestry-
men and founders of St. Paul's Episcopal church of Detroit, as
manager of the Detroit and Milwaukee railway company, as an accom-
plished gentleman and an old-fashioned, hospitable citizen, he has been
well known all over the lake country for over half a century. On that
August day forty years ago, in that old court house at Ann Arbor, the
writer hereof made his debut as a popular speaker in his maiden effort
in behalf of Trowbridge and Bacon, and his maiden vote was cast at
the election in Detroit, in November of that year, for that ticket ; and
now, after "life's fitful fever is almost over," after battling the match
with the democrats in 1840, 1844, 1848, 1852, and so on down to this
very day, he has never felt any regret for that vote and speech.
And here, in " Abbott's restaurant," where these memories come
with blinding tears as he recalls the fact that almost all that grand'
army of democrats and whigs are sleeping in beautiful Elmwood, he
drinks in silence and alone, in clear, cold water, to " Trowbridge and
Bacon," to Clay and Webster, to Mason and Mundy, to Cass and
Norvell.
But the first election day of Michigan, ]837, has come at last; the
leaves have fallen but we have an old-fashioned Michigan Indian
summer. Those, too, are now gone forever.
Sunday it rained all day, but we worked hard and fast on Monday,
when the sun came out with now and then a shower.
And the streets around the then new city hall, now swept away,
were deep with mud, for the clay streets of Detroit were unpaved and
locomotion was carried on in the common carts of the day, and
pedestrians were always, clad with high top-boots, the pantaloon
strapped under the feet and inside the boot legs. And so the first
Tuesday after the first Monday of November came; and this was the
"day big with the fate of CaB3ar and of Borne," the day that should
determine the political name and character of Michigan, just now born
into the family of states; the rains had ceased but the clouds hung
low, and at early morning the hosts of democrats and whigs were
moving; and the "shrill fife and rattling drum" all over Detroit called
the voters to their respective quarters. But one voting or polling
place then existed for all the voters of this city, and that one was the
city hall, standing half way between the Russell House and the
opposite corner, a very useful but not stylish or tasteful public build-
ing, in which the butchers cut up and sold meats in the market room
on the first floor, while on the upper floor were the courts where the
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 313
lawyers cut up their clients during the term, and in off days it was
used sometimes as a lecture room, always council chamber for aldermen,
a then political club room, and, if I am not mistaken, sometimes on the
sly for masked balls, fancy balls and dances, and such gay amusements,
which even then wer^e rife in the City of the Straits.
It may be that many of the old citizens of Detroit have seen a .long
time ago a picture not altogether like one of Michael Angelo's, but
realistic, truthful and speaking, the outlines of which were taken on
the ground on the election day by young Burnham, of Boston, which
now hangs in the parlor of Mrs. Gen. Williams, formerly Mrs. James
W. Tilman, on Woodward avenue, whose first husband was an earnest
whig, and so long as he lived, treasured the picture of "The By-gones
of Detroit," with care and affection; a picture which ought finally to
pass into the care and custody of the Historical Society of the city,
for it tells a story as truthful and honest of that election as a photo-
graph could do, if such a thing had been.
Let us quietly enter that parlor and see that memorial of the past
election of Michigan. One of the most prominent figures on the right,
in rather heavy coloring, just in front of the city hall, is Col. David
C. McKinstry, then chairman of the democratic central committee, a
giant in size, holding in his right hand a heavy cane, while a broad
brimmed slouch hat drops over his right eye, the deep gray eyes
almost covered and concealed with heavy eye-brows. He was in full
command of the democratic forces, which were brought early on the
ground and gathered around the ballot box and inspectors of election,
who, with the talesmen and challengers of both parties, are grouped in
.the vestibule or deep recess existing in front of the market, but inside
the door. It must be borne in mind that at the time none of us wore
red ribbons and McKinstry, the Tallerand of democracy, who was
always in close communion with his democratic friends, while not a
drunken man by any means, was a free and easy drinker, could carry
on election day even his full quota of inspiration. His right hand is
raised as he gives his orders to Major Stillson, who is mounted on a
splendid charger covered and caparisoned like the circus horse with
which the clown makes his grand entree, while he himself in the
undress uniform of a brigadier general of militia, sits as Jackson did
in quiet command at New Orleans. Stillson was an auctioneer, a
fellow of soldierly bearing, stentorian voice, unblushing effrontery, and
was the very best drill sergeant the democrats ever had in Michigan.
In his hand he carried that glorious banner which caused a thrill then
40
314 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
in every democratic heart. "Stevens T. Mason, for governor; Edward
Mundy, for lieutenant governor." And some hundred or more figures
in double file crowd the picture, representing true as life the bone and
sinew of the party, the rank and file of the democracy of Detroit.
Major Stillson, while listening to the orders of McKinstry, has turned
partly aside to look with pride on his young chief, Stevens T. Mason,
who (this was late in the day), with a hat once shiny and elegant, has
manifestly been in a heavy wet, whose high top-boots covered with
mud, and full dress coat, buttoned at the top with the wrong button,
give him very much the appearance of Mr. Pickwick after the celebrated
dining party with his club. Mr. Norvell, neat as if in the dress of the
senate of the United States, always self-poised and self-possessed,
stands clear down in the corner with self-satisfaction at the democratic
crowd as it rolls on and on, and counting too truly that victory which
was to make Mason governor, himself senator, and send Trowbridge
and his troops back to private life, while Kingsbury, from Maine,
shrieks out: "Three cheers! Three cheers for democracy and Mason!"
In the left hand of the picture the poor whigs, doomed to defeat, are
admirably portrayed; and now, after forty years, as I study that picture
those "by-gones" all return.
Frank Sawyer, a scholar and a good fellow, but a sort of a whig
giraffe, ordinarily very staid and sober, is manifestly now full of
" Trowbridge and reform," and he is shouting loud and long to his
whig comrades to "Hurry up! Come on, fellows, and give your votes,
the day is almost won;" while still further in the background stands
honest Jack Howard, with Webster ian brow but soiled garments and
very dirty boots, as if in a gale at sea, looking his utter contempt at
Stillson, McKinstry and Mason, as if he would and could exterminate
them all, and you can hear him, if you put your ear close to the
picture, as he hisses out these words: "Vagabonds! Hinds! Throw up
your greasy caps, but we will beat you at last." But we did not.
In the very front of the picture, clear outside the crowd, stands the
ship " Constitution." A splendid boat, in full ship's rig, named the
"Constitution," with Captain Bob Wagstaff in the chains, heaving the
lead, and Eugene Watson in the shrouds, like Commodore Farragut
with his speaking trumpet, bawling out: "Whigs, ahoy there! Give
way! Give way, lads, for the Constitution, Trowbridge and Bacon."
In the dim distance Alanson Sheley, John -Owen, and a little further a
crew of sailors are seen in the grand mel6e, which ended the day,
when the democrats rushed on to the polls and were strewn like
autumn leaves, all around by the heavy blows of Bob Wagstaff, Sheley
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 315
and Bill Caverly, the mate of the Michigan, just before the polls were
closed; while the writer hereof in a seedy hat, torn pantaloons and
wearied actions may be seen as a sort of skirmisher, evidently safe
himself, driving up the democrats to the front to be knocked down
by the whigs, who stood backed up against the city hall, and from
whom the war cry came often, from Sheley and Owen especially:
" Give it to them, boys.'"
But the picture fades, the figures have nearly all sunk away into the
grave. "They heed not, they have fought their last battle." Mason
was elected triumphantly. The democrats carried everything, and thus
they held all the offices of the government, and Charles C. Trowbridge
retired from political life.
The curtain rings slowly down and the picture fades gently away r
while in the dim distance we can read on the headstones of the graves
the names of Mason and Norvell, McKinstry and Howard, Sawyer and
Kingsbury, Wagstaff and Bacon, and nearly all the rest, gone.
No. III.
/
GEN. HUGH BRADY.
No. Ill of " By-gones" is published in Volume 2, page 573, Pioneer
Collections, and consists of a sketch of General Hugh Brady and his
military exploits in the "Toledo and Patriot wars.
No. IV.
THE BRADY GUARDS.
The memories that cluster around Gen. Hugh Brady, naturally
suggest the life and times of the Brady Guards whom the old hero
used to salute as Emperor William does his troops as " my children,"
and no body of men who ever lived in Detroit in those by-gones
deserve a better place in history than does that gallant corps.
The original organization of the Brady Guards grew out of an old
316 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
company called " The Detroit City Guards," which existed so early as
1834 was commanded by Capt. Charles L. Bull; and was drilled at
times out on the commons, where now stands the city hall, by Col.
Edward Brooks, who had been a gallant soldier under Gen. Jackson, a
Captain of Infantry for many years, and who was a true soldier, a
thorough drill-master, and one of the most humorous and witty
auctioneers that ever knocked down his hammer.
In Judge Campbell's sketches of early days in Michigan, he has told
in his own luminous and classic language the outlines of the history of
the controversy between Ohio and Michigan, touching the southern
boundary of the State, and briefly hinted at that farcial military
uprising called " The Toledo War."
Gov. Mason, who was the hero of that grand epoch in Michigan's
history, was not only a whole-hearted, generous, roystering Virginian,
but under the discipline and influence of John Norvell, afterwards
United States senator, he became a careful, shrewd diplomat; a sort of
sagacious, far-seeing young Richelieu; and when he made up his mind
to resist by force the aggressions of Ohio, backed up by the general
government, it was all-important to enlist under his banner all the
whig element in Michigan; because even then party spirit ran very
high and personal encounters between ardent whigs and zealous dem-
ocrats were becoming very frequent. Well, the leading members of
the bar, the merchants, ship owners, sailors, fur traders, and most of
the business men of Michigan were ardent whigs, and while they
admired Mason and Norvell, they were yet very hostile to the demo-
cratic party and its policy. Thus, while Charles M. Bull was a sturdy
democrat, James A. Armstrong, Jacob M. Howard, Frank Sawyer,
John Talbott, the writer hereof, and nearly all the rank and file of
the "City Guard" were very earnest whigs, and our old drill sergeant,
Edward Brooks, was a very host of whigs in himself.
The time had finally arrived when Governor Mason had determined
to call out the militia of the territory, and with an armed force to
resist the attempt of Ohio to steal away our twelve-mile strip of land
on the south, and it was all important that every Michigan heart
should be fired with zeal to protect the territory, that no division of
party should exist among its sons and that every able bodied man should
come cheerfully to the front. Accordingly, one afternoon in early
September, 1835, the City Guards were called out by executive order
to drill, and at the personal solicitation of Col. Brooks, the whig young
men, Howard, Sawyer, Talbott, and that set went to the commons to
exercise and perfect themselves in the company evolutions. Once there,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 317
Col. Brooks put us through the school of the soldier the manual the
school of the company the school of the battalion, and after marching
and counter-marching, we were quietly taken to the third story of Capt.
Bull's store, on Jefferson avenue, next adjoining the old Farmers' and
Mechanics' Bank, and then, sentinels being placed at the doors, to
prevent egress or ingress, an executive order was read commanding us
to move on the following morning, with arms and equipments, to Monroe,
and there await orders from Gen. Joseph Brown, who was organizing
troops from Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw and other counties, to take
military possession of the disputed strip of land and hold it by armed
force. Thus the City Guards became a body of forced volunteers, who
went bravely forth to crusade for Michigan in Michigan's Holy Land.
Well, they went, and of "their moving incidents by field and flood"
we shall learn more hereafter, when we come to photograph that Toledo
war, but now we have in hand the old Brady s, that afterwards, in 1839,
completed that organization as an independent military company of
Detroit, with Isaac Kowland as Captain; Edmund Kearsley, First Lieu-
tenant; James A. Armstrong, Second Lieutenant; - Ashley, Third
Lieutenant; John Chester, Orderly Sergeant, and with John Winder,
George E. Hand, Rev. John S. Atterbury, Henry Doty, George Doty,
Peter E. DeMill, Christian H. Buhl, Marshal J. Bacon, and over one
hundred more of such then young gentlemen, as rank and file.
Taking the name of Hugh Brady, and with a superb full-length
portrait of that old hero on their flag, no sooner was it unfurled than
their ranks were filled up with all the spirited young gentlemen of
Detroit, and their reputation and name soon became the theme of
admiration all over the Northwest. With a neat but striking uniform
of cadet grey, trimmed with black and gold, each member soon became
resolved to excel every other member in the style and brilliancy of
his equipments, and with the old-fashioned flint lock muskets and
burnished barrels the strife was constant to excel, and in many
instances from $30 to $50 was expended on these weapons for mahogany
stocks, extra burnishing and scouring, and as the company rapidly grew
in numbers it increased in efficiency, became better and better drilled,
and was an effective command. Capt. Isaac Rowland had been at West
Point .for several years and was a most thorough and efficient officer,
while Edmund Kearsley was a native born soldier, and Gen. Alpheus
S. Williams, a soldier by nature, has since proven on a hundred battle-
fields what a capital soldier he was, even then, by nature; and no
better drill officer, no more painstaking man ever buckled on sword
than James A. Armstrong, while young Ashley, whom we soon buried,
318 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
was an active, zealous, and good officer. His place was filled by John
Chester, one of the most accurate, industrious, and thorough orderly
sergeants, and who combined in himself the attributes of a brave soldier,
a perfect gentleman and a true Christian. Scarcely had the old Bradys
learned the manual of the soldier, the evolutions of the squad, the
section, the company, when real work called them to sturdier duties
under the eyes of Gens. Scott and Brady, by Gens. Worth and Wool
and Col. M. M. Payne, three of the most thorough martinets that ever
drilled troops in any army, and there is not an old Brady today in
Detroit, who, if he heard the command, "Attention! Fall in, company!
Eyes right and dress!" would not instantly take the position of a
soldier, complete his alignment, dress by the right, and obey all the
words of command promptly and soldierly. The military existence of
the Bradys had been short when the incursions of the patriots arrested
the attention of the General, and he, having no regular force at his
command, made a requisition on this corps for services as United
States troops.
The question was taken up, and by the unanimous voice of officers
and men they were mustered into the service of the United States as
United States troops for three months in the fall or early winter of
1836 or 1837, and for three successive years thereafter. By a resolution
of the company it was determined to pool the pay of the men and
officers, and to expend the money in camp equipage, military excursions
and drills; and so they were soon supplied with the very finest camp
equipage in the United States. On the Fourth of July, 1837, they
visited Niagara Falls, encamped with a regiment of infantry called
Williams Light Infantry, from Rochester, on Goat Island, and were
afterward entertained by the city of Buffalo Captain Taylor being
then mayor in magnificent style and at a very large expense.
Nor were the citizen soldiers permitted by any means to be carpet
knights or holiday troops or household guards. Just at the close of
navigation in 1836 General Brady was advised that the Patriots were
about to cross from Canada at Port Huron and take possession of the
military stores, arms, cannon, ammunition and munitions of war at Fort
Gratiot. There was not one solitary soldier stationed there, so he made
a requisition on Captain Rowland, of the Bradys, for a sergeant and five
men to go up to Fort Gratiot, take all the material there and transport
it to Detroit for safety. In response to that order Captain Rowland
detailed Colonel Andrew T. McReynolds, then a sergeant of the Brady
Ouards, with privates Alpheus S. Williams, Charles M. Bull, George
C. Bates, Benjamin B. Moore, and one other, who were dispatched at
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 319
once on board the old steamer Macomb for Port Huron, where they
arrived in safety, after having been frozen in on the flats of St. Glair
for one or more nights. Pursuant to orders they took possession of
Fort Gratiot and commenced loading up cannon, arms, equipments,
small arms and a large quantity of powder in kegs, when the people
of Port Huron rose up as one man and by hundreds insisted " that
they would resist by force the removing of these stores, as they needed
them there for protection against the Patriots themselves." Here was
a situation for our old friend Colonel McReynolds, who afterward won
glory and fame at the gates of Mexico; but having been born an
Irishman and kissed the blarney stone of Ireland, he negotiated and
treated, and parleyed, until they yielded to the five old Bradys, and
they brought away all the arms and public property, reembarked for
Detroit, were frozen in on Lake St. Glair, went ashore on the ice, and
finally brought overland to Detroit all that material of war and mili-
tary supplies, for which we were highly complimented in general orders
from Generals Brady and Scott, and for which we subsequently received
each of us 160 acres of land as a military bounty.
During these three years of United States military service, the
Bradys were the pets and students of Major M. M. Payne, United
States Artillery, who afterwards was wounded in battle in Mexico and
died in charge of the Military Hospital at Washington, an old bachelor,
a Virginian, a martinet and as thorough a soldier as ever trod the
field of battle. It was his pleasure to turn out his command, some
hundreds of United States recruits, and the Bradys, form them into a
battalion and drill them, and occasionally to catch them by an order
of "By right of companies rear into column, march!" *by the most
minute inspection of muskets, sabres, side-arms, cartridge boxes, etc.,
for which, if he discovered any defect, he would send a Brady to the
rear, expose him, mortify him, then, after duty was over, call him up
to his quarters, give him a real Virginia toddy, and then warn him
" to 'look out in future."
During that same year and the succeeding one the Bradys were
divided into detachments, one stationed all winter at the Dearborn
arsenal to guard the public buildings there military stores of large
quantities and value while another detachment here in Detroit did
night guard duty at the magazine on the Riopelle farm, away in the
northeastern part of the city, where afterwards barracks were erected,
and where the headquarters of the Second and Fourth United States
Artillery and the Fourth and Fifth Infantry were for many years
stationed. In fact, until regiments of the regular army could be sent
320 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
here the Brady s and recruits constituted the sole military force by
which Generals Brady and Scott preserved the peace on the frontier.
When Brady died they went with him to his grave, and then
disbanded forever. At his funeral every living member in Detroit
turned out, in full black dress, white gloves, white belts and side-arms,
and constituted the mourning escort; and there, around his grave, after
the firing escort had discharged their guns, some one hundred and
sixty of the old Brady s circled around the grave and the writer hereof
having made their valedictory to their old chief, they were forever
disbanded.
Detroit has today 125,000 people within her boundaries, enterprising,
energetic, honest people, but out of them all there are none more
worthy of memory, none more deserving, none more respected than the
old "Brady Guards."
No. V.
TERRITORIAL SUPREME COURT.
"As a judge he should be profoundly learned in all the learning of the law. He is to
know not merely the law which you make and the legislature makes, but that
other, ampler, that boundless jurisprudence, the common law which the successive
generations of the State have silently built up. In the next place, he must be
a man not merely upright not merely honest and well-intentioned this of course
but a man who will not respect persons in judgment. He shall know nothing
about parties everything about the law. He shall do everything for justice
nothing for himself; nothing for his friend; nothing for his patron; nothing for
his sovereign." Choate.
What a scene for a historic painting was that which took place last
week away up in the British Dominions, near the Red river of- the
north, when a commission of military and civil officers of the very
highest rank accredited by our government, the strongest on earth,
sought to treat with Sitting Bull for his return to the United States,
and to make with him, there in Canada, a treaty of peace between
some few thousand half clad warriors of the Sioux and this mighty
people of forty-two millions! Oh would some "gift to gie us" to
spread upon the canvas where the whole world could see it, in such
col6rs as would truthfully represent, not merely the silent, stoical
Indian chief, surrounded by his half dozen comrades and braves,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 321
crossing backwards and forwards over the medicine woman; swaying
here and there, now and then, with his blanket drooping from his left
arm, his eagle plume, sole ornament and token of his power and rank,
shaking and trembling with the wild passions that convulsed that brave
and honest old warrior, as he listened to the propositions which fell
from the lips of the plumed warrior Terry and his confreres, but also
with such shading and tinting of the canvas as should illustrate to
the world the truths sent home by that honest Indian in reply to the
assurances given that "if he would come home once more, smoke the
calumet of peace, surrender his arms, his ponies, his warriors and
women and children to the tender mercies of Indian traders Indian
thieves! Indian agents! Indian Christians! that hereafter he would be
happy and his people contented, cared for, watched over and guarded
by the Great Father!" Oh, what a picture was that, when, with the
eloquence of truth, the sublimity of untutored oratory, with the logic
of facts, he turned upon General Terry, and like Logan of old, bade
them go; "that they spoke with forked tongues; that their promises
were written in sand; that their offered protection was such as vultures
give to lambs, such as hyenas give to the dead; such protection as
plundered their homes, cut in twain their blankets, then stole one-half
and borrowed the other; took flour furnished by the Indian department
nominally to Sitting Bull and his people, but really sold it for the
account of agents at Denver City, Cheyenne and Salt Lake; exchanged
for buffalo robes by the bale at a glass of whisky each, furnished
contrary to the laws of the United States, which year in and year out
gave the old chief over to the tender mercies of the public thieves and
robbers sent out to the Indian country clad in the garb of religion,
who no sooner reached their missions at the Spotted Tail, Shoshone,
Cheyenne and Arrapahoe agencies than they sang psalms and said
prayers in the morning and devoted the afternoon to drinking hot
Scotch Newmans, visiting the young squaws in their lodges and
counting their gains made during the previous week by plundering
and robbing their wards their children intrusted to their care by the
Great Father."
Let politicians, let partisans, let public thieves say what they may,
Sitting Bull told General Terry the truth as it is, and as it is known
to all familiar with our mountain mouse and our poor Indians, who
are first driven to war and then denounced because they go to war.
If there be a heaven above us, and a God of justice who sits upon
his throne there, and "that there is all nature cries aloud," then in
41
322 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
that heaven, before that God, this picture of Sitting Bull's triumph
and truthfulness is suspended; and angels and archangels of justice will
applaud the dignity, the sublimity and the grandeur of that warrior
Sioux as rising in the majesty of truth and clad in the habiliments of
justice, he turned his back on the American commissioners and fiercely
said: " Away with ye! I know ye! Away with you! I am safe here
under the protecting segis of England's honored queen. I do defy,
deny and spurn back upon ye. Your great father may be good and
mean well. You, his envoys, may mean well, but your public men are
public thieves. They are our Indian agents, less honest and true than
the highwaymen of our Black Hills, who rob you of the money which
you have just now stolen from our gold mines lying within the very
boundaries of our reservation, guaranteed to us by the sign manual of
your great father, U. S. Grant, the chief who saved your Union, then
sacrificed us."
But it is not of this theme that I would speak today, only the event
has suggested with great force a " by-gone " of Detroit of forty-four
years ago, when a cause was pending in the territorial supreme court
of Michigan, wherein Michael Dousman, a pioneer of Mackinaw, was
plaintiff, and Duncan Stewart, an elegant Virginia gentleman, then
paymaster of the United States army, was defendant. The cause of
controversy was a contract made by the plaintiff with the defendant as
agent of Lord Selkirk to supply his settlement on the Red river of
the north with cattle, almost the very locality of Sitting Bull. That
cause was on trial and the scenes connected with Pembina were vividly
brought 4o my memory as I followed Terry and his commission to the
place of meeting last week.
It was a warm, clear, beautiful morning in May, 1833, when with a
kinsman and friend I entered the senate chamber in the old capitol,
now the Detroit high school building, and there stood face to face with
the old territorial supreme court, consisting of Solomon Sibley,
George Morell, and Ross Wilkins, the former of whom, having been
appointed by John Quincy Adams, had occupied the seat for many
years, and the two latter of whom in the political revolution of Andrew
Jackson had secured their commissions in the year 1832, or perhaps
t earlier. Those who consult Judge Campbell's history will find that he
marks particularly the period of Jackson's accession to the White House
as that which first introduced into the territory of Michigan the
doctrine of rotation in office, for up to that period under Madison,
Monroe and Adams, few or no changes were made in the territorial
federal offices. Hence General Cass held the office of governor of
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 323
Michigan through their several administrations with great satisfaction
to the people, with the highest credit and renown to himself and
honor to the government appointing him.
On entering the court room the first thing which struck the eye of a
stranger was the judgment seat, which, when the territorial council was
in session in that chamber, was occupied by the "president of the
council," an office similar to that of lieutenant governor of a state. It
was hung with a rather stunning drapery of blue and gold, was sur-
mounted by a gilded bird which might answer to the American eagle,
the dove that came out of the ark, or the owl that opens its big eyes
by night and closes them by day, as the fancy of the beholder might
choose and which in times of high political excitement was apostro-
phized as the American eagle by Senators Drake, Kingsley, of Ann
Arbor, and such eloquent speakers, while Norman McLeod, the member
from Mackinaw, denounced it in one of his classic and beautiful
phillipics and denunciations as that d d old buzzard " over your
honor's head, Mr. President."
The crier of the court, old Dey, was a most dignified and stately
specimen of those officers in by-gone times, whose memory is embalmed
in a witty jeu d'esprit; the joint work of Charles Clelland, Frank
Sawyer and John L. Talbott in poetry, which not long since was
published in a city paper by the " Histriographer " of Detroit, the
president of the pioneers and the accomplished author of that beautiful
poem, Teuchsa Grondie. The officers of the court were the Hon.
Daniel Goodwin, United States district attorney, Conrad Ten Eyck,
United States marshal, Hon. Benjamin F. Withereli, prosecuting attor-
ney, and Daniel H. Thompson, sheriff of Wayne county, all true blue
Jackson men, except Judge Withereli, and he was a whig, with a reef
in his topsail, always.
Of the then supreme court bench perhaps three men more unique in
their personal, mental and moral organization, more utterly dissimilar
in their tastes, habits, education and idiosyncrasies, were never
congregated on one seat of judgment; and while as a unit, and in
detail, they were all eminently " honest and capable," yet they furnished
a photograph of a judicial body composed of men, each born in a
different state, each trained in a school different from the other, and,
wedded to the practice and rules of the locality where he was born
and educated, Sibley of Massachusetts, Morell of New York, and
Wilkins of Pennsylvania, were all good lawyers; men as hones;t and
pure as any who ever sat on the bench; were anxious to lay deep and
broad the foundation of justice in Michigan, and to erect thereon a
324 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
temple that should in all time, like St. Paul's in London, challenge
the attention of the world, and be an everlasting monument to its
architect. But each had been trained in the modes, forms and pecu-
liarities of the law of his birthplace. Each regarded his own state as
the best school of practice, where the most eminent members of the
bar had been graduated, and each regarded the law reports of his
birthplace as entitled to absolute authority with him on the bench.
Hence, while a cause was easily settled at nisi prius, yet, when the
court sat in banco regis as on this day, it required a thorough discus-
sion and an examination of all the authorities of Massachusetts, New
York, Pennsylvania and England, to satisfy this trinity and so make
them a unity. Not more unlike in their mental, moral and intellectual
structures were they than in their physique, and temperaments. Judge
Sibley was quite short, very stout, very deaf, a most venerable,
excellent, plodding, slow and careful judge, listening very patiently,,
studying very carefully and deciding after the most mature deliberation.
His long, gray hair, large, projecting eyebrows and heavy set jaws
gave him very much the air of Chief Justice Shaw, of Massachusetts,
of whom Choate compared to the native's view of their Indian Godr
"He feels that he is ugly, but he knows that he is great," while in
his manner, gait, dress and address there was a quiet dignity, a calm,
deliberate action, which bespoke the judge always and everywhere. No
man would have slapped him on the shoulder any more than he would
Washington, and while he was not exacting or arbitrary, any. lawyer
who had to address him would involuntarily take his feet from the
table, his hand from his pocket, eject his quid of tobacco, and address
him as "Your Honor."
Born in Sutton, Massachusetts, October 7, 1769, he studied law,
removed to Ohio in 1795, and to Detroit in 1797, just eighty years ago,
and having been elected to the first territorial legislature of the North-
western territory in 1799 and to Congress in 1820, was in 1824 appointed
judge by John Quincy Adams, which office he held until 1836, when
he resigned it, and died here in 1846, universally respected for his
manifold virtues and talents, and a long life in the service of his country,
without spot or blemish thereon. Had he lived till this day he would
have been 108 years old; and perhaps no man ever passed his life in
Michigan who went to his grave with a clearer record or his case more
perfectly prepared than Solomon Sibley, chief justice of the supreme
court of the territory of Michigan, forty-four years ago; and the
present chief justice, whose upward march on the judicial ladder has
been so steady, so brilliant, so wonderful; whose untiring industry,.
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 325
intense application and persistent study have made him already in early
life the Storey of the west, and has placed in his hands for revision
and republication the works of Joseph Storey himself, may well follow
through all his future career the good example and sterling virtues of
Chief Justice Sibley.
Of George Morell, associate justice and right supporter on that bench,
it may be said that he was a giant in size, being over six feet in
height, of massive frame, a Websterian brow, large features, whose step
and bearing always reminded one of the magnificent, dignified, old-
fashioned gentlemen of by -gone times. Such men are now extinct on
the bench, in the senate, everywhere. Turn to the United States senate
of forty- five years ago. Contrast those men with the senators of today
Hyperion to a Satyr, Benton, Clay, Wright, Berrien, Mangum, Phelps,
Webster, giants in frame and muscle as well as mind and learning.
Where do we find their peers now? On the bench, too, there were men
large in stature, large in mind, great in learning, big of heart, as
Marshall, McLean, Thompson, Tansy, Baldwin and Catton.
So it was with Judge Morell, from the State of New York. Of New
England parentage, he was bred to the bar, and settled at a very early
day at Cooperstown. There, his geniality, his judicial mind and thorough
legal training commended him to the executive of New York, who at an
early day appointed him a judge of the court of common pleas, a
tribunal which in that time had enlarged jurisdiction and a mass of
civil business, and sitting at times on an oyer and terminer court, it dis-
posed of the highest criminal cases. For many years George Morell
held a most distinguished position among 'the bench and bar of the
Empire State. With a heart as big as the body that enveloped it, a
sturdy common sense that always told him what the law ought to be,
with a sense of justice and right so acute that he could always decide
what the law was; trained in all the tactics of practice as laid down by
Archold and Tidd in England and Graham, of New York, his rulings and
decisions were given almost by intuition, and were scarcely ever revised.
Fond of society and amusement, off the bench, he was hail-fellow-well-
met with all people everywhere, but on the bench, he was every inch a
judge, and as I saw him on that morning, May 13, 1833, with blue dress
coat, top boots and tassels, a buff vest with gold buttons, high shirt
collar, completely and neatly shaven, with his gray hair swept clean
back from his lofty brow, large gray eye, and on his very large nose
the golden spectacles, while he took notes of the pleadings in this
interesting case of Dousman vs. Stewart, it seemed to me then, and so
326 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
it seems now after nearly half a century has gone, that George Morell
was a natural-born judge and a good man.
In Elmwood there sleeps no more honest man, no purer judge than
he was; and his decisions today may be found in the first volume of
the Michigan Reports, for on the admission of our State into the Union,
in 1837, he with Wm. A. Fletcher and Epaphroditus Ransom, were
elected judges of the supreme court, and he continued on the bench
as chief justice down to the January term, 1844
On the left of Chief Justice Sibley sat Ross Wilkins, then about
thirty-eight years of age, in the very strength and beauty of manhood,
whose whole physical, mental, moral and intellectual organization was so
striking and unique as to attract attention instantly as a most remark-
able man. Born in western Pennsylvania, Butler county, I think,
about the year 1797, of the bluest and best blood in that region, sired
by a father who took an active part in the Revolution, nephew to
William Wilkins, for many years an eminent United States senator,,
from the Keystone state, brother to a distinguished officer of the
United States army, his surroundings were well calculated to assure
his ambition and give him a good start in life. Educated, and thoroughly
educated for the bar, he very early acquired local distinction and fame,,
by his earnest eloquence, his magnetic oratory, and in criminal cases,
especially, he soon took a front rank among the eminent gentlemen
which at that early day composed the bar of Pittsburg and its sur-
roundings the Biddies, the McCandlasses, the Rosses, the Forwards,
and all those then well-known counselors-at-law.
In his person, manners, address and action, at that early day, Judge
Wilkins was a most striking man. About five feet ten inches high, he
was full and round, well knit, lithe and graceful, and clad as he was
on the bench in a velveteen suit, close fitting, tightly buttoned, he
might have elsewhere been taken for a well-to-do farmer or a dashing
Kentucky hunter. With very handsome features, large and melt-
ing eyes, hair long and curling gracefully, like Charles Sumner's in his
handsome day, with a mouth full of pure white teeth, his necktie a
mere black wisp or rope and a large flowing Byronic collar; he looked
the man he was genial, gentle, generous, impulsive and good. Many
years since in his old home at Tecumseh, hung a fine oil portrait of
the judge, taken in his youth, and those who ever studied its outlines
and features will remember its resemblance to those of the English
bard, only it was more manly, more robust; indeed, in his early man-
hood Ross Wilkins' features, face and tout ensemble would remind one
of the combined peculiarities of the pictures of Poe and Byron. Like
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 327
all such men, he was quick in his perceptions, instant in his judgment,
clear and lucid in his reasoning, concise and precise in the statement
of facts, and whether right or wrong in his conclusions he swept away
business, as a chieftain does an opposing army. What especially fastened
my attention was that while reading the papers and evidence in the
case at bar, he moved constantly and restlessly in his chair, seemed to
take the whole matter by intuition, and finally getting up and going
back of the court he lighted an immense long pipe of tobacco, and
circling round and round he smoked away, very much as Sitting Bull
did when listening to the platitudes of Gen. Terry. But the moment
the final reading was over, and the argument of counsel began, taking
his seat and fixing his eye on the speaker, he never moved; indeed,
seemed lost to everything but the cause. But no sooner was the argu-
ment ended than the pipe was relighted and the smoking resumed until
the final business was disposed of.
While in all essentials, Boss Wilkins was a most punctilious judge,
yet in non-essentials and when not actually engaged in judicial busi-
ness on the bench, he exhibited an utter disregard for all the forms,
shows, and modes of judicial dignity, and as a boon companion, a wit
and " a fellow of infinite jest of most excellent fancy." And of
course everybody loved and respected Judge Wilkins. As he advanced
in life he became more calm, and less nervous and excitable; and for
over a quarter of a century as district judge of the United States for
the district of Michigan, he administered the law with eminent success
and honor. In admiralty cases he entered upon them with zest and
zeal, having a sort of passion for sailors and all the excitements
appertaining to their wild and reckless life; but it was in great crim-
inal cases that he was most at home. With the grand inquest of the
State before him; drawn from every county of the peninsula, and a
foreman selected by himself generally some old crony from Lenawee
like Stillman Blanchard, Sheriff Packard, or Henry Hewitt Judge
Wilkins would take up the whole scope and drift of the criminal law, and
with such force of language, and such earnest appeals, would he give
to them the law in charge, that no mail robber, timber thief, embezzler
of postoffices, or government defaulters, could hope to escape indictment,
trial, and certain conviction. Yet no judge ever sat upon the bench
who was more careful and cautious in giving the prisoner at the bar
every possible protection and insuring him a fair and just trial. -New-
berry's, McLean's, and Bissel's United States circuit court reports are
full of his most important decisions, and bear testimony to the industry
and patience which he put into a case of much consequence. Some of
328 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
his published charges to grand and petit juries will compare favorably
with those given by the more eminent judges of our own and the
English bench. Indeed, Judge Wilkins had a passion for the study
and practice of the criminal law, and to him in such cases the bench
was like "All the world's a stage, where men and women are but
players. They have their exits and their entrances, and each man in
his time plays many parts."
But he is gone, after an earnest and hard working life in the public
service
"After life's fitful fever he sleeps well."
Such is a brief photograph of the territorial supreme court of 1833
and the first cause I ever heard argued there. Of the counsel in that
great cause, Wm. Woodbridge and Alexander D. Fraser for plaintiff,
and Harry S. Cole and Gen. Charles Larned for defendant, all that can
be said here is that if they could burst the cerements of the tomb,
take their green bags in hand and enter the supreme court at Lansing,
they would be the peers of any and all there, as lawyers, advocates,
jurists, and logicians; while as thorough scholars, courtly, hospitable,
genial and true gentlemen, they could give us lessons in good breeding,
and teach that fraternity and esprii de corps which then characterized
all the brethren of our bar, lessons which seem now to have gone with
all the other by-gones of Detroit. But all that court, those judges and
the counsel and officers, save Col. Goodwin, all are gone.
"They sleep their last sleep,
They have fought their last battle.
No sound can awake them to glory again."
Pardon one word more. There is one more, Col. John Winder, the
clerk of that court, whom Providence seemed to have created in
Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and sent, so far back as 1824, to keep the
records of the supreme court of the territory and those of the circuit
court of the United States for the State of Michigan. Wielding a
facile pen, he was the most accurate, careful, and industrious of officers
that acted as clerk in the west, and so posted did he become in all
matters of practice, that when lawyers were befogged and the court
puzzled, Judge Wilkins would turn to Col. Winder, and in an instant
the point of practice was settled. But he was wise, and over thirty
years since he bought for $1,200 some ten acres then way out of town
in the mud, built him a cozy home, then in the suburbs. Detroit
woke up, started after Winder's ten acres, covered it all over with
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 329
costly palaces, made the old clerk rich, and there today, a retired
gentleman, John Winder, with his records complete, without blot or
erasure thereon, awaits the summons to come at last before that other
tribunal above, " Where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary
are at rest."
No. VI.
JOSEPH CAMPAU AND THE EARLY FRENCH.
"And when the stream
Which overflowed the soul, had passed away
A consciousness remained that it had left,
Deposited on the silent shore
Of memory, images and precious thoughts
That shall not die and cannot be destroyed."
Wordsworth.
"Bon jour! Bon jour, Monsieur Bates. Comment se va, inon ami.
II fait beau temps, monsieur."
"Ah, good morning, Monsieur Campau, oui, oui. II fait tres beau
temps, mon ami."
Such was the salutation given and returned about the 5th of Janu-
ary, 1842, on Jefferson avenue at the corner of Griswold street, where
the First National Bank now stands, then the United States court
house, as Mr. Joseph Campau met and saluted the writer in his warm
and courtly style. The old gentleman, as was his wont, was clad in a
black full dress suit, white cravat, rolling shirt collar, clean and white
as snow, and moving along with his long white hair, large gray eyes
and steady, sturdy step, he was a man to arrest the attention and
arouse the curiosity of all travelers on the streets of Detroit. The
conversation continued as follows:
" Ah, Monsieur George, mon ami, de damn fool he come again, heh."
Not comprehending the object of the remark, or its purpose, the old
gentleman raised his left thumb and over his shoulder directed my
attention to the then old capitol, now the high school building, where
the flag was floating over the senate and house of representatives, then
just in the first days of its annual session of 1843, and as I caught
the idea he repeated with humorous emphasis, as if talking to himself.
42
330 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
"Oui, oui, mon ami, de damn fool lie come again; lie make de law
de tax. Sacre, mon dieu."
Which led to a long discussion, pure French on his part and con-
glomerate French and English on the other side, touching the constant
increase of taxation, the enormous burden which our new State
government had engendered, the actual poverty of men rich in real
estate, in which the old gentleman in pure and perfect French
lamented that law makers and legislatures, with emphasis on the
ultimate, "seemed only to exist to make de tax, and on everything
worn by man from the swaddling clothes that enwrap the new born
child, to the coffin and the shroud of mature old age, were burdened
and enhanced in cost by every kind of state, city, county, school and
union taxation;" and the old man eloquent waxed warm, and hia
French grew more and more beautiful as he called my attention to the
fact that, while in England only about seventeen articles of luxury,
such as wines, tobacco, spirits, silks, jewelry, carriages, paid all their
taxes, here in Michigan the bread we ate, the water we drank, the gas
we used, the clothes we wore, the houses we live in, the very graves
when we died, all, everything, were loaded down by legislative taxes,
and what was more, said old Jose Campau, with the energy of truth,
"At least one-third of all these taxes are stolen by public officers ere
they reach the exchequer of the State," and had he lived until now he
would have added: " Oui, oui, mon ami. As it was then, so it is now
only more so."
Time that changes all things and man more than all other things
has left us the taxes and tax gathering, and like the frogs and lice of
Egypt, they can be found at all times, and all places everywhere,
always at our births and at our funerals, with extended hands asking
and exacting the tax, and it is possible that Monsieur Campau, who was
then seventy-four years old, and who lived until he was ninety-four,
would have survived even to this day if he had not been chased
through the world and into the grave by the tax gatherer.
So long ago as 1833 Mr. Campau owned some nineteen large farms
in Wayne county, and you could not turn to the right or the left in
the city of Detroit, without running over Campau lots, seeing Campau
houses, encountering Campau tenants, and if you entered the tax office
to look at the assessment roll, you would find the name of Joseph
Campau on every alternate line, while at all hours of the day one
might meet the old gentleman all over the city, always walking,
though rich as Croesus in his same old style of dress; always courtly
and chivalric in his address as if he were in la belle France; always
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 331
plodding and studying and not unfrequently talking to himself, as if
still discoursing on the tax.
Joseph Campau was a marvelous French gentleman "all of the olden
time," and with such friends as Monsieur Pierre Desnoyer, Major
Antoine Dequindre, John Baptiste Beaubien, Capt. Frank Cicott,
Charles Moran and the Bartletts, and the old French people of Detroit
forty years ago, constituted a society of true, accomplished, real gentle-
men and ladies, from whom in manners, conversation, sociality, true
politeness in business affairs, the newcomers of Detroit may well take
lessons today. In those days no man would think of lighting his pipe
or cigar in the presence of ladies, or in a neighbor's house, any more
than he would of taking off his shoes and stockings there; no man
would pass a lady or a friend on the street without lifting his hat and
giving the cordial, joyous salutation: "Bon jour, mon ami, bon jour,'*
and no matter how hurried in business these Frenchmen, whenever
they met on the street would inquire for the family and children of
each other, and in those days to be seen riding or walking with a
lady and smoking a cigar at the same time, would have sent the
offender to the calaboose.
In true hospitality, genuine fraternity, they were a model people,,
fond of all social amusements, the latch string of every house in
Detroit was always on the outside, and in their little unpretending
dancing parties, old and young, grandfather and grandmother, joined
with children and grandchildren made one grand round of mirth and
jollity; while at the regular suppers and stately evening parties no
persons on earth ever entertained more heartily, with more true chiv-
alry and gallantry. To see Joseph Campau, "Papa" Desnoyer, Major
Dequindre, majestic Barney Campau, waltzing and frolicing with such
beautiful girls as Josephine Desnoyer, Anna Dequindre, Mary Williams,
and all that set, was enough to make a young man's head swim, for it
told of innocent mirth, refined and genteel social amusements among a
whole people where the aged never forget the joys and pleasures of
youth, and where youth always respected, revered and loved old age.
Alas, that those days and those people are "byrgones!"
In -that day no public meeting was ever called, no public measure
ever debated, no political movement ever undertaken, without the aid
and support of the French people of Detroit, and at the head of every
party ticket or on it for State, county and municipal offices, you would
read the names of some Campau, Beaubicm, Cicott, Moran, or Bartlett.
Joseph Campau was born in Detroit on the 20th of February, 1769,
lived there until 1863, when he died at the age of ninety -four years.
332 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
During the last sixty-three years of that long and interesting life he
resided in the old house on Jefferson avenue between Griswold and
Shelby streets, which is as notorious today as the falls of Niagara,
and which all the young and bustling, driving business men of Detroit
might visit with pleasure and profit. There they may learn prudence
and care by examining an umbrella manufactured in Philadelphia in
1802; an anvil hammered on in his blacksmith shop in 1805; furniture
manufactured in his own cabinet shop in 1797; unpaid accounts beau-
tifully prepared and endorsed against men who died in the last century,
every paper and record filed in the neatest possible manner and briefed
by Capt. McKniff, his old clerk, who, upwards of half a century
faithfully did work as clerk; an old working desk deeply scalloped out
by Campau's left knee, which year in and year out rubbed against it,
a large curvature in the windowsill produced by the same attrition,
photographs taken years since of his children everything there just
as he placed it long ere nine-tenths of the people of Detroit of today
were born.
And that quiet, quaint old yellow house half trading store, half
dwelling house standing on the very spot occupied nearly two hundred
years ago by Cadillac, filled with documents, writings and mementoes
of seasons and circumstances and times, existing when no single being
now in Detroit was living, a house where the very ghosts and shades
and spirits of " by-gones " now meet and gossip by moonlight of an
October eve.
There in peace as in war, in the beautiful bright days of an early
spring, in the lazy sultry weather of summer, in our gorgeous, golden
old-fashioned autumn, in the short, dry, crisp cold of those winters,
did Joseph Campau watch the rise, growth and progress of Detroit,
and from his dormer windows he saw the old Walk-in-the- water of 1819
supersede the Indian canoe, the pirogue, the scow, the coasting schooner,
and then again the Henry Clay, the Niagara, the Sheldon Thompson,
the New York, and finally the Illinois, the Empire, the Mayflower,
and all those floating palaces of hundreds of tons burthen and speed
like the wind, take the place of the old steamers. There in that old
house he watched Jefferson avenue advancing upwards until it reached
Hamtramck, downward along the river until it ended at Fort Wayne, and
there he saw the old Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Methodist churches
on the corner of Woodward avenue and Larned street, take up their
line of march and reappear in St. Paul's, Christ Church, Dr. Duffield's
on State street, that magnificent temple of Dr. Pierson on Fort street,
and the Jefferson avenue Presbyterian edifice; Woodward avenue,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 333
shaking the dust out of its eyes and off its feet, and through the
heaviest clay and mud running miles away from the river a splendid
boulevard, a street which in architectural beauty, in lawns, shrubbery,
flowers, cottages, palaces, and temples, contrasts favorably with the
Broadway of New York, Beacon street of Boston, or Chestnut of
Philadelphia, and where more capital, more people and more trade
exist in a single business hour now than was in all the northwestern
states in his early youth, the City of the Straits, beautiful Detroit,
whose river, like the turquoise necklace of a splendid woman, intensifies
the beauty of that neck that it entwines and that bosom on which it
heaves.
When Campau first saw Detroit it was a mere military and Indian
trading post. When he died it was the center of a grand civilization,
where learning, art, science, wealth, culture, refinement, taste, and
religion dwelt and 100,000 strangers surrounded him. Where God had
his shrines, learning her palaces, art her schools, charity her asylums,
and wealth its treasure houses and lordly mansions.
As a business man in early life Mr. Campau was enterprising, buying
and selling real estate on a large scale, importing and improving stock,
founding machine shops, cabinet shops, distilleries, and carrying on,
on a very large scale, the fur trade with the Indians; and as a member
of the board of British trade in 1798, and of the American fur
company with John Jacob Astor in 1812, and as a public officer,
trustee of Detroit, major of the militia, and a good citizen, he always
was a leading man for nearly a century here. He was one of the
founders of the ancient city Conditor Latium, and in all the parts he
played upon the stage for almost one hundred years he lived in, for,
and with Detroit; and an Indian trader, manufacturer, neighbor, citizen,
merchant and millionaire he lived and died an honest man. Requiescat
in pace!
Three or four or even more of his old confreres, his countrymen, his
" con citoyens des etats unis" spring from the cabinet of memory and
materialize themselves before our audience. Monsieur Pierre Desnoyers,
that fine-looking, smiling, sweet voiced old gentleman, whose "bon jour!
bon jour!" would arrest you as the voice of a lute, whose rosy cheeks, fine
mouth, pure teeth and large blue eye, with that drooping lid, present the
portrait of a fine old Frenchman, was born in Paris in the days of the
revolution, about 1783, and educated as a silversmith. He left there
when the cry of "a la lanterne," was heard in the streets, came to this
country and settled first in Ohio, ere Cincinnati was born, then followed
the army to Detroit, and here for a long period worked for Joseph
334 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
Campau. in the manufacture of silver goods for the Indian trade. He
lived to be a very old man, accumulated a large fortune for those days,
and finally left a family large and respected to mourn his departure.
He was a genial, elegant, delightful old gentleman, and his sons and
daughters and grandsons and grandaughters are among the very "creme
de la creme" of the old French people of Detroit, Pierre Desnoyers, the
late Mrs. Harry Cole and family, Mrs. Jas. A. Van Dyke, Mrs. Henry
Barnard, Mrs. Anna Dequindre Lansing, and a multitude of grand-
children and kinsmen some in the church, some at the bar, some in
banks, in manufactories, in mercantile houses, all bear in their veins-
the blood and refinement, the courtesy and grace of the Desnoyers.
It was amusing, almost half a century since, to meet the old gentle-
man on the street, to salute him in return for his pleasant "good morn-
ing" and slyly to ask him "why he left Paris?" when, in perfect good
faith, he would cock up his blue eye and laughingly say:
"Because, monsieur, I did not wish to ornament the lanterne."
Then, too, there was Col. Antoine Dequindre, whose sister married
Joseph Campau. He was a Frenchman of the Napoleonic order, tall,
straight, with the step of a drill sergeant and the outward and visible
sign of a military man. Even in his old age he was perfectly upright,
very square to the front, shoulders well thrown back, chest well drawn
in and like an old French guardsman, he moved and walked like a man
born for the camp. Having distinguished himself in the battle of Mon-
guagon in 1812, before Hull's surrender, he all his life commanded the
special admiration of his fellow Frenchmen as a brave old fellow.
For many a long year he was a merchant on Jefferson avenue,
owned half a block just west of Woodward avenue, where the Hon.
George E. Hand now has and has had his office for years and was a
man of considerable wealth; but in the uncertainties and an unsafe
partner in 1831 he met with disaster, and as early as 1841 he had lost
nearly all he had, but died as he had always lived respected and
revered by all.
But time and space fail us, and the Cicotts, Beaubiens, Bartletts,
Gen. Williams and all those courtly old French gentlemen must await
the future publication, by the Western Biographical Publishing
Oompany, where they will appear.
But not only were they social and polite, good citizens, honest men,
hospitable, genial and gentlemanly, but they were all Catholics, and
lived all their lives and died in the beautiful faith of that holy church.
No matter how gay, how joyful, how social, they never forgot "the
awful circle of their holy church," and surrounded themselves with her
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 335
power and strong arm, they obeyed her mandates and sought her pro-
tection in life and in death. Of course all candid and intelligent men
will bear in mind that during the last forty years in our country, as
in all the rest of the civilized world, the developments and discoveries
of science, the explorations of the interior of the earth, the teaching
of Tyndall and Spencer, and Mill and Darwin have weakened if not
sapped the foundations of all sects and denominations, and that to
those who demand evidence and proof to convince the mind and to
satisfy the judgment, in religious, as in all other matters, it is idle to
say "ita lex scripta estf that the teachings and preachings of men
who can give no reason, furnish no evidence for the faith that is in
them, have lost their power; that the dogma "the church suggests or
commands it" has with intelligent men or women no more force or
weight than a linnet singing; and so it is that while all the Protestant
churches of the world have waged a bitter warfare against what they
denounce as the Scarlet Woman of Rome, they themselves have from
this fire in the rear from savants and scientists weakened and have
lost much of the vigor of their attack, and are compelled to turn their
weapon from the supposed enemy in front, to their real powerful foes
in the rear.
Yet, whatever may be the general weakening of the churches of the
world from this great onslaught, the Catholic church today, as then,
maintains its power, extends its forces, conquers new fields, subdues
new forces, and now Pope Pius IX counts on his muster roll as many
nations, people and tongues as ever, Nor is it strange for a church
which teaches by object lessons, as she does, the suffering and agony of
Christ's crucifixion, that holds up to the heathen Chinese and Japanese,
to the North and South American Indian, the beautiful symbols and
pictures of Christ's birth in the manger, his holy life and agonizing
death, carries therein a power to enlighten the minds and awaken the
sympathies of the untutored and unlearned, which no other church
does possess.
Call it ignorance, call it fanaticism, call it folly as you may, the
Catholics are and always have been the only successful missionaries to
the poor Indian, the benighted South . Sea Islander, or the untutored
savages of the world.
So it was in the "by-gones" of Detroit. The old Catholics were
devoted to their church, could always be found in sunshine and in
storm, in heat and in cold, constantly attentive to the forms, cere-
monies and teachings of their bishops, priests and deacons; and no
matter how gay and careless at other times, when holy mother church
336 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
called, instantly they responded, "I am here, Lord." So when in
August, 1834, the cholera burst upon Detroit with a ferocity and
slaughter that it had never exhibited elsewhere, when in sixty days it
swept away ten per cent of our people instead of seven as Judge
Campbell puts it; when it crept up and down the river, along our
docks, cutting down all ages, sexes and conditions; when it mounted
the decks and shrouds of our vessels and men fell as if struck by
lightning; when at early dawn the old French carts could be seen in
line, like the commissariat of the Grand Army, marshaled by Sexton
Noble, stretching away to the old cemetery, a fearful line of festering
corpses, when all men, no matter how brave, seemed appalled; when we
had no hospitals, no asylums, no place of refuge or safety for the sick
and the dying, Father Kundig, God bless him, improvised a hospital on
Michigan Grand avenue and summoned to his aid the fair daughters, sweet
young girls, of the Desnoyers, the Dequindres, the Campaus, the
Morans and Beaubiens, and organized them into a splendid corps of
Sisters of Mercy, angels he might well have called them, and there
by night and day, amidst death, disease, filth, and misery in its most
frightful form, that true, Christian priest and his fair daughters fought
death and drove him back, and to Protestants and Catholics administered
all specifics and antidotes while life lasted, and when death came they
gave to the poor, the hungry soul, the last beautiful rites of their
church. Then and there alone, among those Catholic French, in all
Detroit, was found an asylum for the sick and decent care and atten-
tion to the dying and the dead, and when the final record shall be
made up in heaven of old times and " by-gones " of Detroit, high upon
that scroll will be inscribed by God himself, in letters of living light,
the names of Kundig and his brave and beautiful army of Catholic
girls of our city, daughters of the Bed Cross, " For verily they did
unto others as they would have others do unto them." They loved
their neighbors even as themselves; "They visited the sick, clothed the
naked, gave drink to the thirsty, and food to the hungry." God , bless
them all, they shall have their reward.
No. VII.
MY FIRST DAY AMONG THE DOCKS OF DETROIT.
That was May 14, 1833, when the steamer New York on her very
first voyage from Buffalo to Detroit after a three days' trip from
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 337
Cleveland, had just turned the bend of the river at Fort Wayne, as
Capt. Sheldon Thompson, of Buffalo, rapped loudly at the door of my
stateroom, and squirting the tobacco juice all over his fine linen bosom,
exclaimed: "Turn out, turn out, young gentleman; we are just now at
Detroit, the place you have been so impatient to see these last three
days. Turn up, sir, turn up."
No sooner said than done. When bouncing on to the upper deck of
that once famous steamer from my stateroom I looked over into Sand-
wich, then across the beautiful strait, and following the bend of the
river, where it broadened, on the Cass front, like the Tappan Zee, on
the Hudson, I first saw my future home.
The sun had risen in all the gorgeous beauty of a May morning, and
glinted and gilded the river, the shore, the old French farm houses on
both sides. The soft, south wind permeated everything on the land
and the water; the peach and pear trees, some then one hundred and
fifty years old, were covered with blossoms and the air was laden with
a rich perfume, for May then meant real spring.
As that scene of quiet beauty; the old wind-mills fluttering in the
wind, the French carts along the shore, the old La Fontaine and other
log houses, all newly whitewashed, neat, tidy, and surrounded by cackling
geese, chattering ducks, squealing pigs and lowing cattle, all of which
could be heard on our deck, presented a scene of exquisite beauty, and
a land so quaint, so unique, so beautiful, that at once I was in love,
with it all, and oh, how glad was I to leave that splendid new steamer
New York, and her warm-hearted, enterprising and funny owner, Sheldon
Thompson, -even then a very wealthy man of Buffalo, who came as
supercargo to direct her on her trial trip. One word of her ere we
land at Dorr & Jones' dock, at the foot of Shelby street. The changes in
the forms, models and propelling powers of the various craft on these
great lakes mark step by step the rise, progress and growth of its
commerce, and the models of the various vessels from 1820 down to the
present time are each pages in a great history of the Northwest. Our
steamer New York was the very first on these lake? to lay aside the spars
and rigging of steam brigs or vessels as the old steamers Clay, Niagara,
Pennsylvania and Sheldon Thompson were called and to place an
upper cabin, which had hitherto been consider ed unsafe, and, to give her
great speed, she was cut up sharp as a razor at her bow and stern, so
sharp that she would roll like a man half seas over; and below her
main deck were two engines, fore and aft, with high pressure at that;
with two sets of boilers, pointing toward bow and stern, which made
43
838 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
her like the fiery furnace wherein Shadrach, Meschach and Abednego
were tried. The Hebrews called such steamers Gehenna; the Greeks,
Hades, but in pure anglo-saxon one would denominate it a floating hell,
where you would roll and pitch in a seaway, and swelter and sweat like
the miners in the lower level of the Comstock Bonanza.
As she had been three long days on the voyage from Cleveland to
Detroit, of course we were all glad to get ashore. About half -past
seven of that heavenly morning she swung alongside the dock, and
amidst the rattling of chains, the hoarse bawling of seamen and mates,
she finally swung against the dock, and her first voyage of life was
ended.
Jumping on to the land, ours was just begun. Instantly, even at
that early hour, a sturdy, quick moving, earnest and robust gentleman
stepped alongside, and, with old-fashioned cordiality, greeted Captain
Thompson as a friend. As they stood there they were a pair to attract
attention.
The new comer was De Garmo Jones, a man about five feet ten
inches, very quick in his movements, very stout, weighing perhaps over
two hundred pounds; very muscular, with a large, round head; very
quiet in manner; of few words, but evidently a man born' to command,
to succeed, to accomplish, and although in early life deprived of much
education, he had worked his way, even then, at about forty-seven, up
from a drummer boy of 1812, to become a man of extended business,
large wealth, great power and influence, and who, after being mayor of
Detroit, senator from Wayne county, alderman, etc., died prematurely
in early middle life, leaving a vast estate, very large business affairs,
and the respect and esteem of all who knew him. Sudden and quick
in quarrel, with a temper always requiring a curb bit, Mr. Jones was
a sort of western Vanderbilt, with a great big head, enlarged views,
untiring industry, who saw far ahead into the future, and had he lived
longer, would have cut deeper and deeper into the tablet of time his
career, for he was a most public spirited, enterprising, go ahead man.
Born at Erie, Pennsylvania, or coming there young, a mere boy, he
was trained by old Mr. Reed, the father of the late Hon. Charles M.
Reed, and what teaching he had came from him, who died years ago,
a millionaire, a great ship builder, ship owner, and commission
merchant of western Pennsylvania. Coming to Detroit so early as 1819,
and bringing with him as his wife one of the most dignified, beautiful,
stately and lady-like women of the olden time, he bought a farm
just below the Cass farm, and there in an old French log cabin,
beautifully modernized and most richly furnished, they always enter-
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 389
tained in a style of true western hospitality; and under those low
ceilings and burnished beams, just above one's head, on the richest
carpets, surrounded by fine paintings and engravings on real old
fashioned solid mahogany, from pure silver goblets and trays, they
dispensed viands and liquids that would have graced the homes of the
magnates of our land.
In those "by-gones" it was the fashion for all the rich of Detroit,
and even the poor, to hospitably entertain their neighbors, and to
make all strangers at home here a fashion that seems to have gone
with many other of the good things of those days. Such was De
Garmo Jones, as he met and saluted his confrere, friend and kinsman,
a man very like him, Sheldon Thompson, who, at Black Eock, so early
as 1826, built the Clay, the Niagara, and afterwards the Sheldon
Thompson, and after a long and successful life there as commission
merchant, ship owner, mayor, I think, died at an advanced age, leaving
a very large estate, a most respected and beloved family, and whose
name today in Buffalo is respected and revered.
The two partners of Mr. Jones at that day were Josiah E. Dorr and
Benj. L. Webb, both young men from Vermont, who came here, and
under the patronage and by the aid of their strong-shouldered friend,
accumulated very early in life handsome estates, but which in the great
financial whirlwind of 1841-5 were swept away, and they both died a
long time ago, childless and penniless, substantially.
But at last Uncle Benjamin's, the dear old Steamboat Hotel, at the
corner of Woodbridge and Eandolph streets, furnishes a nice breakfast,
of which more anon; and at once the work of doing Detroit along the
docks begins under the chape ronage of a friend who had lived here
since 1821, and so we countermarch and go at once to the most
southerly warehouse and ship yard of Oliver Newberry, where we
found the steamer Michigan on the stocks in the yard, where hundreds
of calkers and shipwrights are hammering at her sides, while Capt.
Chesley Blake is going here and there, a giant in size, a hero in
battle, with a voice like the speaking trumpet of old Boreas himself,
guiding and directing the work.
Here we met that most extraordinary of all Detroit's early business
men, Oliver Newberry, looking on; now listening to this crew, now
that; now pulling that long hair over that strange brow, deep creased
in thought; anon taking off his hat, full of papers, accounts, drafts,
money and everything else, then replacing it, and taking all Capt.
Blake's suggestions and directions as if he were the owner and builder,
and Newberry, the subaltern. New then to life and the world, no such
340 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
duet of men had ever yet been met; and now after an experience of
almost half a century in all the parts and places, the mountains and
valleys of our great west, time and again, and all along its grand lines
of transit by sea and land, no two such men are remembered. Siamese
twin giants, Arcades Ambo, nautical Damon and Pythias have ever
been seen. Old Blake was almost six feet three inches in height a
very giant in all his being, hands like Old Bluebeard, arms like a
gorilla, jaws like a boa constrictor, chest like a volcano just about to
beave, and such a voice! Why, in the midst of a storm on the lakes
when his vessel was heaving and surging, he would give his commands
with such power, accompanied by such oaths and expletives, that the
very shrouds and rigging would tremble, that the lightning would
cease and the thunders would only mutter and murmur; and in a life
of forty years on the lakes he never scratched the paint from his
ship or touched bottom or shore.
Born in Maine, he was in boyhood a sailor before the mast. When
the war of 1812 broke out he entered a Maine regular regiment, the
bloody Ninth, so called, was made sergeant and, at the fearful battle of
Lundy's Lane, in 1813, where Scott charged up the hill time and
again, and then retreated down before the British fire, and where,
finally placing himself at the head of that Maine regiment and mount-
ing his white horse with a long white plume, he said: "Boys, follow
me. I have faith that this bloody Ninth will carry and hold those
heights. Wherever you see this white horse and this long white
plume, you will know where I am."
And they did follow him until they saw white horse and plume and
Scott all tumbled to the earth; whence he was carried off with Worth,
and Wool and Brady. But on kept the bloody Ninth and old Blake,
one of its ordinary sized men, until the heights were taken and held,
and until that regiment, going into battle nearly 500 strong, had a
mere handful left and were marched off the field by Blake as their
sergeant, all its commissioned officers having been killed or wounded,
and for which Chesley Blake was made then and there first lieutenant
for gallantry on the field.
No sooner had that war ended than Blake came to the lakes, entered
the service of Oliver Newberry, and, as master of the schooner
Jackson in 1816, and so on down to the steamer Michigan of 1833, the
Nile of 1841, the Illinois of 1845-9, always with Newberry, always
swearing to leave, yet always standing by his ship, and Uncle Oliver.
He finally died of fear. Blake could face all the storms and tempests
that ever swept the sea; he could rush in blood knee deep unto the
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 341
cannon's mouth, as at Niagara; he could wade in blood before a British,
regiment; but when he encountered the cholera he quailed he caved
and finally fleeing to Lake Superior he spent a month or more in the
very bowels of the earth there, then ventured back to Milwaukee, where
he took the cholera, convalesced and seemed about to recover. But
that night his old ship, the Nile, went ashore. News was carried to
his bedside, he arose, and with a Blake adjective, said " he would go
to her rescue," put on his pants, drew one of his cyclopian boots half
on, and with uplifted foot he died. His last words were: " Save my
ship." Thus demonstrating in his case the truth of Eugene Sue's
horrid picture of cholera before Paris, when this fearful fiend laughed
and screeched out: " I kill only one-third, and fear ends the remain-
ing two-thirds of all its victims."
But to return to Oliver New berry. Born in Connecticut about the
last decade of the last century, he migrated early to Buffalo say about
1809-10 kept a small grocery there, dealing largely in salt and fish.
But the moment war came, like a true patriot as he was, he shut up
shop,, and in some capacity joined the army of the Union. After the
burning of Buffalo, and peace, he came on foot to Cleveland, and finally
worked his passage to Detroit, where, some time in 1816, he com-
menced business here on the docks, dealing largely in salt brought
from Syracuse, trading in apples and fruit, which, so early as that day,
were grown here in great perfection. Having little or no education,
but a huge brain, wonderful foresight, sagacity and wisdom, and being
always the very soul of honor and honesty, he thrived and grew,
and soon among lake men, from Buffalo to Green Bay, was known
by the sobriquet of "Admiral of the lakes." Having begun his
business with the old schooner Jackson he soon became a contractor to
carry supplies to Fort Brady at the Sault, to Mackinaw, Fort Dearborn
at Chicago. Fort Howard, Green Bay, Fort Gratiot, Port Huron; and
then commenced his extraordinary career as a ship builder, and being
a sort of Napoleon himself in his ideas, he formed a wonderful attach-
ment to the grand emperor himself and proved it by naming his vessels
the Napoleon, the Marshal Ney, the Marshal Sbult, the Austerlitz, the
Marengo, the Jena, the Nile, and so on; and each one of these ships
brought him fortune, business and fame, and his business prospered
and grew, and he commanded the entire confidence and good will of
all the old officers of our army on the lakes, and year in and out sup-
plied all the military posts of the Northwest. He was a strange looking
old bachelor. His face was wrinkled like an orang-outang, his brain
very large, projecting forehead, deep sunk eyes, and his long hair was
342 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
always straggling over his face like a Piute chief, and when in study
of mind he had the trait of pulling and twisting his forelocks; when
he sat in a chair it was thrown clear back against the wall, and his
feet dangled in the, air like Quilp in his hammock. He was a man of
few words, but how they did tell!
Like Napoleon, he was a fatalist and traded on his "luck," and his
vessels, bearing the charmed names of Napoleon's early career, were
always in luck. In early December, 1835, news came " that the Post of
Mackinaw was out of supplies, and that the Indian agency and troops
there would starve ere spring came unless some vessel could reach them."
Old Oliver at once ordered the Austerlitz, which had then been laid
up, to be put in commission, put a double set of officers, Capt. Augustus
McKinstry and Bob Wagstaff aboard of her, with John Stuart and
another first mates, and a double crew, loaded her to the gunwales, with
all kinds of supplies, ordered her to proceed to Mackinaw, relieve the
people there and return that fall, a voyage then deemed madness at
that late season, but the old gentleman went to work making bets he
was a grand sportsman and actually he did bet several thousands of
dollars "that she would return by Christmas," and sure enough, down
the Detroit river, on Christmas, 1835, she came with every rag of
canvas spread, and rounded to at her dock; making by the trip a very
large sum of money.
Betting on his luck, he went on x building the steamer Michigan, then
the Nile, then the Illinois, then the Michigan again, and finally the
most beautiful brig that had ever been launched and he grew richer
and richer, and all was gold that came to the old warehouse of O.
Newberry.
But the brig went to Buffalo full laden, and after departure a consignor
came to get insurance on his part of the cargo, when Newberry, having
faith in his own luck, took a verbal policy on her freight. The brig
stranded, lost her cargo, and the very moment the news came he settled
and paid up the verbal policy for thousands. There were no Pembrokes
in the insurance business in those days, and with that loss his luck
seemed to turn, and from that time until his death he struggled with
fortune and fate, and instead of leaving millions to his nephews and
nieces, like his brother Walter, he left a small estate, part of which,.
Oliver Newberry like, he gave with Nancy Martin to the Detroit
Hospital. His brother Walter by the bounty of Oliver died worth four
millions, tied it up like a miser and just now a court has cut up the
will and given the property half to the Public Library of Chicago, and
the other half to the large number of heirs of his brother's. But while
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 343
the name of the one will live so long as the water of Erie, St. Glair,
Huron and Michigan shall wave, as an enterprising, benevolent, active
Western merchant, that of the other will be lisped gratefully by those
who regard wealth as the grand aim and object in life. Oliver New-
berry from 1836 down to about 1849 was deemed worth millions, but
he died comparatively poor.
In his early business career his accounts were kept in a salt barrel,
his correspondence was scattered through the warehouse like the sybiline
leaves, and disorder reigned seemingly all through his business, It was
his wont to carry money and papers in his old straw hat, and in a trip
around the lakes in 1836, in that splendid old steamer Michigan, when
playing brag, as he did high and deep, he would take the old straw
hat off and bring forth hundreds and bet it as indifferently as most men
would dimes. But in 1832 there came to him from the Hudson, James
A. Armstrong, one of the most correct, thorough, skillful and industrious
clerks that ever opened a ledger. Like the brothers Cheeryble, he was
always at his post, always at his work, always doing good to all around
him, while the entries in his daybook, journals, ledger and letter books,
as if engraved in copper, are today marvels of exactness, correctness,
and without blot, erasure or interlineation.
From 1832 for many years he was to Oliver Newberry his official
right hand, his phonographer, letter- writer, his man of all work, and
the two seemed to be needful each to the other. After many years
Mr. Armstrong entered the arena of business for himself, and as com-
mission merchant, cashier of banks, secretary of insurance companies,
had the varied successes and losses of commercial life in Detroit
during those disastrous times from 1839 down to about 1862, but in
commercial success and disaster, in sunshine and storm, he always
pursued "the noiseless tenor of his way," always bore himself with
kindness toward all, and malice toward none, and with a conscience as
clear and life unspotted as his ledger, he went to sleep in 1874, and,
"leaving on earth no blot on his name," rests now with his old com-
mander, Oliver Newberry in yon beautiful Elmwood. There let them lie.
Other men have died richer other men have gone to the grave with the
full tide of fortune sweeping on; but none ever slept more respected by
those who knew them best and loved them most. But we must hurry
along the docks up the river, as our long weary day of 1833 is nearly
ended.
There are the Messrs. Gilletts, Keynolds and Shadrach in the old
red warehouse devoted to business, honest, hospitable, successful, there
also Jim and Madison Abbott, in the warehouse of James Abbott, and
344 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
at the dock lies the steamer Uncle Sam, commanded by Capt. James
McKinstry, of the United States navy, but on leave and doing civil
duty, and old horseshoer Robinson as mate, with his long hair and
squeaking voice, who used to order the wheelsman to "port there
port a leetle, I say." A sort of Yankee fresh water sailor.
Passing on at the foot of Bates street, I saw standing in the full
flush of youth, and hope beside, Elliott Gray, and as his then young
partner, Samuel Lewis, now a silver gray, straight, active, polite, a true
gentleman of the old school, who is rich, but not spoiled nor penurious,
who enjoys the goods that God provides him, but never forgets his old
friends, and whose then young brother Alex., a mere boy about the
docks, has nearly ended his most brilliant and successful administration
of Mayor of this dear old city.
Such was my first day along the docks of Detroit and such the style
of commission men who then managed the lake commerce of a city
containing about 8,000 inhabitants now the commercial metropolis of
Michigan, the abode of 125,000 people, and the spot where millions
upon millions of the products of this - beautiful peninsula are
exchanged.
No. VIII. v
THE BEGINNING OF THE MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD.
A year has rolled away since our visit along the docks of Detroit,
and now this morning is May 12, 1834. Still, bright, beautiful and
soft; for in those times after a brief, dry, crisp winter of about sixty
days, the ice would go out of Detroit river about March 20; gardens
were made early in April, and lettuce and radishes shipped hence to
Buffalo six weeks before gardening began there. Those were* good old
times when the Indian summer lasted clear up to Christmas, and as in
1838, plows were going in our prairies and oak lands all winter long,
and steamboats came and went every month in the year save February.
It is now nine o'clock in the morning, and directly in front of the
old Mansion House, then kept by Mr. Boyer, a handsome barouche is
standing, somewhat overladen with Indian blankets, lunch baskets,
champagne baskets, trunks and other travelers' baggage, to which
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 345
carriage are harnessed two fine horses, while two extra ones are fastened
in the rear; and the driver a regular Kentucky darkey, acting as
purveyor and postilion both, gets ready for the long, long journey to
Chicago. As an assistant to the driver an Indian boy about twenty
years old, named Tomma, makes himself busy while the two young
gentlemen about to depart go into the Mansion House to take a fare-
well drink and shake hands with all their friends ere they commence
the perilous journey of six long days across the "Amoenam Peninsulam"
of Michigan. The one of these two travelers was a very stout, robust, red-
faced, blue-eyed man, then just twenty-seven, built like a bull buffalo;
strong, thick-necked, alert, quick as lightning in all his movements,
dressed in complete semi-Indian traveling costume, as Gen. Schwartz
called it, with moccasins on his feet, the old Canadian capote on his
arm, all marking clearly the Indian trader of that day; while his com.
panion was a pale, slender curly haired young man, just of age, not weigh-
ing over one hundred and twenty pounds, neatly, rather fashionably clad
for those days, who, just admitted to the bar in Michigan after a six-hour
examination in Gen. WitherelFs office on Jefferson avenue, by Judge
Goodwin, Alexander D. Fraser and Judge Witherell, was now going to
Chicago to settle and commence the practice of law there. The elder
one of the two was Major Robert A. Kinzie, who died about three
years since as paymaster in the United States army; who in 1836 was
worth millions by his entry on the north side of the Chicago river, of
the " North fractional section 10, town 4 north, of 3 west," a property
today worth fifteen millions of dollars, while Major Bob, his brother,
Major John A. Kinzie, and the entire family, all died poor, save
Mrs. David Hunter, now living in wealth and ease in Washington;
and not one foot of the Kinzie addition of 110 acres now remains to
the family, save an insignificant lot or two to Gen. Hunter. The
younger gentleman, whose curly auburn hair, light build and flashy
manner betokened youth and hope, and whose dress and address told
of one green in the ways of the west, may now be frequently seen,
with hair white as snow, robust body, weighing one hundred and
seventy, driving up and down the Union Pacific railway, making him-
self at home at Grand Jsland, Cheyenne, Laramie, Evanston, in all the
saloons, visiting all the printing offices, and writing articles for the
*' mountain press," traveling by stage to the Black Hills, and giving back
to the road agents fees taken from them in Utah, waiting on the
courts of Zion for the trial of the great case of Bafes vs. the Church
of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, or attending the funeral of
44
346 BY-GOMES OF DETROIT.
Brigham Young, and soothing the sorrows of the seventeen widows all
in deep mourning; or you may find him like Old Mortality, in beautiful
Elmwood, at mornlight, studying the names and bending over the
graves of the Bradys, the Larneds, the Coles, the Forsyths, the Kerch-
evals, of these long gone days, thus finding enjoyment in his memory
of " by-gones " and companionship with the dead who lie in this
beautiful abode; and whatever fortune or misfortune may have overtaken
him he still pushes on full of health, strength, happiness and hope,
and with energies unflagged and eyes undimmed still sees in the near
future, now as then, wealth lying in his pathway, and plenty of hard
work man's greatest blessing until he shall fall asleep with his old
comrades, and find his resting place among the mountains of Wyoming,
or Colorado, or, perchance, alongside James Duane Doty, in the cemetery
of Camp Douglass, at Salt Lake, the most beautiful spot on earth.
The two travelers enter the carriage, the colored driver and Indian
Tomma mount the box; and around the departing stylish coach are
grouped Lieuts. Heintzleman, Center and Berrien in the beautiful
undress of the United States infantry, Lieuts. Poole, Brush and Sibley
in that of the* artillery, while Maj. Bob Forsyth of the staff, and Mr.
Kercheval, all bade us adieu. On the balcony stands Judge Morell,
large as Washington, Eoss Wilkins, Thomas Sheldon, John Norvell,
John A. Wells, George B. Martin, John Chester and a great crowd of
Detroiters to say farewell, and as we start to the west, away from
Newberry's dock swings the steamer Michigan with her splendid cabin,
two beam engines low pressure Old Blake, like Neptune on the
pilot house, and on she plunges like a fiery horse to the eastward.
We go for Chicago via Ypsilanti, over the old territorial road. "Night
had long closed in, had let her curtain down and pinned it with a
star," planets were shining over the deep woods that lay along our
road for the first thirty miles, when with a broken tongue, a twisted
axle tree, we reached Ypsilanti. Kinzie and his companion on the
extra x horses, and the negro and Indian Tomma dragging in what
remained of Dr. Abbott's $600 barouche. The next day with great
industry and labor, carried us to Knickerbocker's, where Jones-
ville now is. The next to Marsh, an old Indian trapper's about where
Coldwater now thrives. The next at White Pigeon where there was
quite a settlement; the next at Egbert's, near Door Prairie. The last
night to a log tavern on the lake shore, where some forty of us slept
in one room, near where Michigan City now stands, and where, looking
through the crevices between the logs, we saw a magnificent thunder
storm, with vivid lightning, on the lake. And finally, on Saturday,
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 347
our sixth day, about 11 a. m., we arrived at Chicago, and on the roll-
ing ground near Twenty-second street we were met with Indian whoop
and loud huzzas in Indian-French, by Mark Beaubien, Medor Beaubien,
Bill Forsyth and other Indian traders, and welcomed to Chicago, then
having a population of about 600 white people and 6,000 Indians. Our
ride was delightful, for the woods were all alive with the encampments
of the Pottowattomies of the lakes and the prairies, and as Kinzie, the
adopted son of old Billy Cauldwell, their chief, could speak Indian as
correctly and fluently as English, as we met the beautiful Indian
maidens, decorated with wild flowers and draped in their most bewitching
costumes, who with true pioneer hospitality invited ,us to visit their
encampment, we had one continuous round of feasting and merriment,
and a new page in the book of life was then opened by the simplicity,
the generous hospitality and the cordial entertainment by these
beautiful daughters of the prairies. Last Friday the younger of these
travelers being called on business to visit the great metropolis of today,
Chicago, went on board a palace car of the Michigan Central, took his
seat in a great arm chair, upholstered richly enough for the Queen of
England surrounded there by many young fashionable lady travelers,
dressed in modern style, hair frizzed and frowsy over the eyes, like a
skye-terrier, train long like the ladies of Queen Anne's bed chamber,
eyelids dyed deep like the femmes of the can-can in Paris, gloves
buttoned up to the very elbow joints and a dress fitted tight to the
form like a straight- jacket very becoming in a voluptuous, large, round
and elegantly moulded woman, but death and destruction to a meagre,
thin, spare, skeleton like girl with new books every few minutes,
newspapers and periodicals from all parts of the country, pears from
California, figs from Florida, oranges from Louisiana, grapes from
everywhere, in a coach as beautiful as any room in Buckminster Palace,
servants, conductors, porters, etc., in handsome livery, everything in
royal splendor, he whirled on to Chicago in nine hours, went to bed
in the Palmer Hotel, a palace equal in size, splendor, equipments and
furniture to the Palais Eoyal of France, Balmoral Castle in Scotland,
or Osborne House on the Isle of Wight; and there, surrounded by
marble pillars, gilded capitals, frescoes as beautiful as in the Vatican,
he went to sleep in a city of half a million of people; but all his old
comrades and companions were gone. The contrast between those two
trips to Chicago in 1834 and 1877 suggest to our memories the begin-
ning, the growth and the present condition of the Michigan Central
railway, one of the grandest, most perfect and best managed routes of
travel between the Atlantic and the tranquil sea, one bright link in
348 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
the brilliant chain which binds New York to San Francisco, which
ensures us forever "one country, one constitution, one destiny."
Everybody, old and young, who has ever studied the topography of
Michigan, knows that for forty miles in every direction around Detroit
lies one heavy timbered, level, muddy plain, where the soil is alluvial
on the surface and a cold, squeasy, heavy clay beneath, through and
over which, even now, transit is almost impossible. But no one save
the early pioneers of this region can tell the horrors of travel over the
same region forty years ago. Through a forest where elm, beech,
walnut, maple, fir, and basswood sprang to the very skies, shutting out
the rays of a midday sun, a black, sticky road was cut, and when the
rush of emigration commenced in 1830, all those highways were cut up
with slough holes, dug- ways and morasses, through which it seemed
impossible to drag a stage coach or a heavy laden wagon. Yet all the
roads leading from Detroit were crowded with them, and it was no
unusual sight in those days to see in early morning half a dozen
superb covered coaches starting away, while a whole long day would be
used up in making Mount Clemens, Pontiac, Monroe, or Ypsilanti, and
members of the bar, elegantly mounted in going the circuit, would
spend twelve hours on horseback in reaching the Huron bridge at
Ypsilanti. Except the road through the Black swamp, from Toledo to
Lower Sandusky, there were no more fearful and horrid roads to be
found than all those leading out from Detroit in 1833 to 1837. Not
unfrequently emigrants were three days reaching Ypsilanti, and a
loaded team from Ann Arbor to Detroit via Plymouth Four Corners
and return would occupy nearly a week. Hence, so early as 1830, a
railroad became the subject of public attention, and in 1832, January
29, the legislative council passed an " Act to incorporate the Detroit
and St. Joseph Kailroad Company," and authorized John Biddle, John
R. Williams, Charles Lamed, E. P. Hastings, De Garmo Jones, James
Abbott, of Detroit, and sixteen others in the interior, to open books,
get subscriptions to its capital stock (one and a half millions), and
build a road from Detroit to St. Joseph, Berrien county, at the mouth
of the St. Jo river; and now in reading over all that list of twenty-one
corporators we find that only two are living today, viz.: Hon. Cyrus
Lovell of Ionia, and Talman Wheeler now of Chicago. "Dead, your
majesties; dead, my lords and gentlemen; dead, right reverends and
wrong reverends of every order; dead, oh, men and women born with
heavenly compassion in your hearts, and dying thus around us every
day " twenty out of twenty-two. Nothing, however, was done under
the charter, and in 1835, by an act of the legislature, the time was
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 349
extended two years to open the books and organize under the charter,
and in July, 1836, in the office of Bates & Talbott, under the old
Bank of Michigan, three doors east of King's corner, the books were
opened by a committee composed of Major John Biddle, General John
R. Williams, Eurotas P. Hastings, De Garmo Jones, Jame.s Abbott
and Oliver Newberry (General Larned had died of cholera in August,
1834), and Geo. C. Bates was made secretary pro tern., and John L.
Talbott treasurer, and the first four subscribers for the stock of that
road were:
Lewis Cass, by E. A. Brush $25,000
John Biddle 25,000
Robert Smart '. 25,000
Dr.* Brown.. 25,000
Total $100,000
The last two being Siamese Detroit old bachelors, living side by side,
and so united in heart and soul that whenever one took a drink of
Scotch whisky the other smacked his lips and took one also, and when
Brown snuffed, as he did frequently (they were both Scotchmen), old
Robert Smart always sneezed, and in every business matter when you
secured the aid of one you had both; indeed, they were a beautiful
duet in unity, and lived and died almost simultaneously, both glorious,
penurious, jolly old Scotchmen "all of the olden time," and if you pass
near their resting place in Elmwood of these beautiful autumn even-
ings, and stop and listen you can hear their old spirits laughing and
chatting over the wonderful progress of that great railway begun by
them, and realize on the night air the odors of that glorious old
Usquebaugh which mellowed their hearts and made them love each
other as"natwa" other old crusty bachelors ever did. Well, the stock
of the Detroit & St. Joseph railroad was taken after much delay, great
and earnest solicitation by some men who subscribed nothing, and
liberal subscriptions of Trowbridge, Newberry, Jones, Conant, Major
Whiting, and that class. Major John Biddle was made president,
Charles C. Trowbridge, Oliver Newberry, E. A. Brush, Shubael Conant,
Henry Whiting, J. Burdick, Mark Norris, and C. N. Ormsby, directors;
John M. Berrien, chief engineer; Alex. I. Center, assistant engineer;
and Alex. H. Adams, secretary and treasurer, out of which list there
are just three survivors: Charles C. Trowbridge, Alex. I. Center, of
New York, and A. H. Adams, the highly respected cashier of the old
Detroit Savings Bank. Under the auspices of the Detroit & St. Joseph
railroad company patches of grading and tieing were made between
350 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
Detroit and Dearborn in the summer of 1837, and a large body of
Irish democrats were employed, whom Jerry Moore, James F. Joy and
Geo. C. Bates undertook to persuade to vote the whig ticket for
Trowbridge, Bacon, and reform, but who utterly failed, although large
meetings were held at Wayne, and Joy and Bates spoke eloquently for
the ticket, and the two former spent Saturday night and all day Sun-
day in their railroad camp, parting with them Monday night before
the election in the full confidence that at least three hundred good and
true Irish whig votes would be given in the township of Nankin,
Wayne county, a confidence that was entirely lost, with the votes, in
the mud of that beautiful township.
The entire expenditures of this company were, in round numbers,
$140,000, but no part of the road was finished.
In 1837 the State of Michigan organized a board of internal improve-
ment commissioners, and David C. McKinstry, Justin Burdick, Shubael
Conant and two others three democrats and two whigs were appointed,
bought out the road and all its franchises, and finished it to Dearborn
in February, 1837, to Ypsilanti in 1838, to Ann Arbor in 1839, to
Jackson in 1842, and to Kalamazoo in 1843. Of course the construc-
tion was in the cheapest, easiest style. Wooden road bed surmounted
by flat, thin rails, which not unfrequently rolled over the wheels,
rushed in the form of " snakes heads " through the cars, and as in one
case witnessed by the writer, impaled a woman to the top of the car,
as boys do flies with a pin. But the State became embarrassed, as it
always will in the management of private enterprises, party feeling
controlled the commissioners, and everything went to the bad, with the
internal improvement schemes and plans of Michigan. But there was
here in Detroit at that time, a far-seeing, big headed, sagacious lawyer,
a man of untiring labor, plucky as a Nemean lion, whose New England
education and constant daily toil had already placed him in the very
front rank of his profession, who looking clear away to the great west
through the shadows of half a century, saw that that rickety, ill
managed railroad would become the thoroughfare of a million and a
half of Wolverines, and a burnished link in a steel chain from the
Atlantic to the Golden Gate of California, and filled with spirit and
energy and zeal he enthused Boston and New England with his own
horoscopic views of " the star of empire taking its western way," and
they being captivated with his thoughts bought out from the State of
Michigan "the Michigan Central railway, paid $2,000,000 and sent
John W. Brooks as president, and James F. Joy as solicitor, counselor,
aid-de-camp, to push on the column, build the road, not to St. Joseph,
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 351
but to Chicago; and to construct it in the most perfect, substantial
manner, to equip it with engines that should outstrip the winds, and like
the discovery of Archimedes, having a " place whereon to stand, should
move the world;" to place on its road bed rails, to give it the most
airy, comfortable and splendid cars; to furnish weary travelers with
night palaces as gorgeous and comfortable as the bridal rooms of
Monte Christo, to put its servants in a superb livery and to make
them attentive, respectful and kind to all passengers, and behold! you
newcomers to Michigan, you have them all in absolute perfection.
" Si quceris monumenium ingenii" circumspice " the Michigan Central
Railway," and " render unto its master builders the things that are
theirs." But not only did this young Yankee lawyer press on with fiery
energy the Michigan Central railway to its natural terminus, Chicago;
but being there he looked away across the Mississippi, saw the plains of
Illinois burdened with corn at five cents per bushel. Saw as in a vision
the beautiful valley of the Platte, 800 miles of garden; and soon he
organized, equipped, and continued the Michigan Central by and through
the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Roads to Burlington in Iowa and
Quincy, in Illinois; paused to take breath, crossed these rivers with
two beautiful iron bridges, linked up the Hannibal and St. Joseph Eoad,
and finally brought up at Baxter Springs, in the Indian country, on the
one hand; then ferried over the Missouri at Plattsmouth, and ended
substantially "the Michigan Central Railroad" at Fort Kearney, in
Nebraska, a distance of seven hundred miles west of Chicago.
The last day of October it chanced that the train crossed the splen-
did iron bridge from Burlington coming east just at sunrise, and
breakfast was served in the hotel car. Jo. Miller, the son of old Morris
Miller the colored gentleman who for years served in the "By-Gones of
Detroit" as caterer and cook, was head waiter, and his assistants all
colored boys of Detroit; and there as the sun shot up and down the
Father of Waters; and a breakfast was served on that beautiful iron
bridge, whose tracery like a spider's web swung high above the waters,
giving to all the viands and fruits and coffees and teas of all climes,
in a breakfast room as ornate and beautiful as those of the caf6s of
Paris, my memory went back to the by-gones in the beginning of that
railroad in the office of Bates & Talbott in 1836; and my heart swelled
with gratitude to the head that had conceived, the energy and ability,
the untiring pluck, which has eventuated in that superb Michigan
-Central Railroad from Detroit to Baxter Springs on the one hand, and
Fort Kearney, in Nebraska, on the other.
These same Boston Yankees, inspired and goaded on by that driving
352 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
Detroit lawyer now a grey-haired but energetic man have brought
here and spent over $100,000,000 in the west since his connection with
this road, and a population of half a million of hard-handed, brave-
hearted, industrious laboring men engineers, firemen, stokers, track-
layers, etc. now live along this mighty line, in neat, cosy houses built
with the money expended through that one instrumentality; and their
wives and families are fed and clad and educated with the streams of
money that have flowed through that one single channel from 1846
down to the completion of this grand work in 1876.
True it is that we have had short crops; true a great financial panic
has swept over the land; true, that these roads like all others, New York
and Erie, New York Central and Pennsylvania Central, have not made
dividends these last three years; true, they were compelled to cut down
wages to their employes, and curtail expenses, as all other persons do,
but what of that? Fifteen millions of people are worth more than they
would have been without them. Fifteen millions of people ride over
them; market on them; live on them and through them, and even now
the increased traffic is filling their treasuries, and increased wages and
work are making the grand army of employe's happy.
Your Railroad Commissioner reports that in 1876 the Michigan Cen-
tral Eailroad (old line) had expended $35,000,000; that its cash receipts
last year was $5,500,000, and its expenses were $3,500,000, of which the
taxes paid to Michigan were, in round numbers, $176,000; and the
muster roll of workmen, independent of the palace car servants, must
amount to 15,000 people; while in 1846 the gross earnings were only
$209,300, and total expenses $86,167. "Look on this picture, then on
that," and see if the mind of man can measure the blessings to the
Northwest of the Michigan Central Railroad, and the debt of gratitude
due to its herculean architect, builder and founder.
But one thing in connection with this great railroad is so novel, so
extraordinary, so unprecedented as to challenge astonishment to this
whole nation. Until within the last decade the aphorism has been
undoubted that in our boasted land of liberty the "sons of rich and lead-
ing men were rarely worth the powder required to kill them," and facts
justify the conclusion. In all this land, save in the Adams and Everett
and Winthrop and Astor families, few are the rich, educated and exalted
fathers that have ever left sons to succeed them, and the Clays,
Websters, the Curtis', the Berriens, the Wrights, the Douglass' have, with
their own lives ended their family pride and history, and fame forever.
Even among the u by-gones" of Detroit we find scant records of the
sons of our richest, best educated and most aristocratic friends who
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 353
have ever succeeded to the stations occupied by their fathers. All our
institutions seem to lead our young gentlemen, sons of rich and exalted
parents, right straight down to the gutter and the grave. The moment
a young man realizes here that his father is rich, he too often makes
up his mind that he is to live a life of pleasure, ease and idleness.
So he learns to dress well, part his hair in the middle, as donkeys
always do, to play billiards, ten-pins, keno, cribbage, and to chatter like
a monkey to silly girls, who, after finishing their education, cannot
tell the location of a planet in the Heavens or even the latitude and
longitude of their homes. He drives fast horses, he makes the trip to
Europe, sees the can-can, drinks Hockheimer and Eudesheimer returns
and can tell you nothing of art, science, learning, history or business;
and then he becomes an offensive sot, or falls into the toils of some
extravagant woman, whose expenditures outgo her husband's income,
and he supplies the place of the one and pays the bills of the other.
Such is an ordinary, rich young gentleman. But thanks be to Heaven!
the Michigan Central Railway has developed an exception so notable
that it must not be overlooked. We must secure and pin this one
specimen lest we never find another.
Nearly thirty -five years ago the late charge to France an elegant and
accomplished gentlemen " with a wife lovely beyond her sex and
graced with every charm," returned to Detroit, bringing as infants a
twin brother and sister the former of whom was so fragile, that nothing
but Dr. Pitchers heroic treatment ever saved him. He was the grand-
son of Michigan's most wealthy and exalted statesman the pet of all
the family. He grew up, was thoroughly educated, traveled and came
to manhood, marrying in Cincinnati the daughter of a railway magnate.
But he had sense, he had brains, and today, instead of seeing him
flaunting along the highway smoking cigars in the presence of ladies,
driving fast horses, you will, if you go to the Michigan Central Rail-
way depot find him at work like a giant as its general manager, fixing
rates of wages for thousands of men, dispatching trains here, there and
everywhere, now dictating to a phonographer, anon consulting with the
solicitor, up early, going home at 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning, at
Chicago today, tomorrow in New York, always at work, plainly clad,
polite to everybody, but in his whole life and conduct and business
furnishing the model of a true American gentleman, an educated
American business man, a man born to wealth and station, who is worth
preserving, and whose statue ought to be erected of Scotch granite on
the Central depot, cyclbpeari size, in order that all the young men who
45
354 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
pass through it should see what a man the grandson of Lewis Cass has
made himself.
No. IX.
EARLY HOTELS OP DETROIT.
Time hath moved its finger along the dial-plate, and now, today, it is
midsummer of 1835, and the streets of Detroit are all alive with covered
wagons by the hundred, laden with women and children, articles of
household furniture packed all around; cows and sheep following and
led in the rear, and away to the interior they make a long line to
Oakland, Washtenaw, St. Clair and Monroe, while each morning the
stage coaches are packed full below, and piled high with passengers
removing into the Territory. Each day a new steamer arrives, sunk
clear to its gunwales with freight, its decks literally black with human
beings men, women and children between decks, on decks, on the
wheel-houses, all over them and every article of furniture that human
ingenuity can contrive, or human want demand, may be seen all around
them. The new counties, Lenawee, Hillsdale, Ionia, Kalamazoo and
Berrien are filling up day by day with new log houses, saw-mills, grist-
mills, stores, shops and machine shops. And Michigan is now the
grand objective point; the " Ultima Thule" of all New England, New
York, Ohio and Pennsylvania, and from the docks of Detroit clear over
to Lake Michigan, crowds of people, transported in every possible form,
"move on."
But today is a gala day in Detroit, and we shall soon learn why the
old adage, "Tell me where you live and I will 'tell you who you are'"
"a man is known by the company he keeps," has, with a slight change,
a direct application to cities "as well as men," and paraphrased thus:
"Show me your hotels and I will tell you what your city is," is
philosophically true. Casting your eye then to the photograpic view of
the Hotel Woodworth, then kept by Uncle Ben Woodworth, the brother
of him who wrote:
" The old oaken bucket,
The iron-bound bucket,
The moss-covered bucket,
That hangs in the well."
We shall see a specimen of the hotels, the inns, the taverns of Detroit,
at this early day, where hundreds of new comers, strange faces, were
BV-GONES OP DETROIT. 355
seen every night, disappearing in the morning, and succeeded by new
arrivals during the coming day and night; one living tide, swaying and
rising higher and higher with each successive day, month and year.
On the northwest corner of Woodbridge and Randolph streets, just
below and on the other side from where the old American, now the
Biddle House, stands, was its site; and there we stand today to recall
that dear old Stranger's home; and all the hallowed and sacred memories
that still linger and play around it, and that rise up like ghosts at the
photographic view, which goes away back to half a century ago.
When and how early that old mansion was erected there is no record
of; but that it was the home of comfort and hospitalities, the head-
quarters of the early pioneers, so far back as 1821, when all the young
gentlemen who were even at that early day "going West," we do know.
Built in patches it had grown in size until its veranda facing the
east was over 100 feet long, and the main building and its additions
reached clear back on Woodbridge street, nearly twice that depth, and
.every part and parcel was not only utilized but always full. Dashing
up Randolph street you will observe a new Concord coach and four
beautiful grays just now starting for Ypsilanti, loaded up as an over-
loaded ship, below decks, on decks, on the boot, on the driver's seat,
with passengers, young, bright, fresh looking men. While just swinging
around into Randolph from Woodbridge street is another bright red
coach with superb bay horses, equally laden, on the doors of which you
read ' Woodworth & Co.," bound for Pontiac, each of which will have
a hard pull to make their journey, even now in this beautiful weather
of July, 1835.
Come a little closer to the front and there you see that same old
omnibus, having on its white panels and over its door in great gilt
letters, "Woodworth's Steamboat Hotel," and standing, aiding passen-
gers to alight, is a stout, red-haired, blue-eyed, very polite young man,
about twenty- eight years of age, whose green frock coat is buttoned
very tightly around his person, his dazzling striped pantaloons fitting
very closely, while a black string and broad rolling shirt-collar gave
the Byronic appearance to Sam Woodworth, the san of its proprietor the
major dorno, the man of all work, who accompanied the omnibus to all
the steamers, whose politeness, affability and knowledge of all men and
things, made him a very different hotel clerk from the diamond-studded,
impudent upstarts so common of modern days. Every one, man or
woman, who ever entered "Uncle Ben's," as the Woodworth House was
called for short, will remember Sam's suavity of manner, his graceful,
smiling politeness, smacking a little of Sam Weller's, but still a kind-
356 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
hearted, truly polite and quite well-educated son of a brave old father,
who, after serving in the capacity of general manager of Woodworth's
Hotel for years, became possessed of the vaulting ambition to step up
the ladder and become the master of a steamboat, to stand like old
Commodore Blake on the pilot-house, pull this bell, then that, and
shout in loud tones, "Avast there!" "Port, sir!" "Port, sir!" and who
having purchased a very small steamer, called the Spy, or some such
non-nautical name, commenced his regular trips to Truax's and New-
port, down the river and back, all in a single day, touching at Windsor,
Sandwich, Springwells, Ecorse and all the intermediate points, " wind
and weather permitting," until one day when lying at the Windsor
dock, the tea-kettle engine of poor Sam exploded, and the last ever
seen of him was when he was observed with outstretched arms and
wide-spread limbs going up higher than a kite, where many of the old
sailors on the steamers of those days followed him.
The steamer was split up into matches and what was left of poor
Sam was followed to the old cemetery Sexton Noble and his pipe
managing the hearse by all the old habitues of that inn, and no man
ever deserved more justly the tears that were shed over his remains
than he did.
But come, let us enter this hospitable old home and first pay our
respects to Uncle Ben, a broad shouldered, gray-eyed man, then nearly
sixty years of age, with very firm lips, mild in his outward seemings,
but when enraged a perfect old volcano, whose increasing pallor and
deepening of the wrinkles on his face told of the higher barometer of
passion within; a great handed, strong, old-fashioned Yankee, whose
heart was open as the day, and whose industry and cordiality made his
home the headquarters of all the steamboat men; the pioneers of the
Straits, and who may be still living today, a fading, weakening old
by-gone. Having shaken hands with Uncle Ben we pass into the
barber shop, and behold, here is Wm. Clay, the learned tonsorial artist;
the cultivated, educated barber from England, a man sui generis, who
would cut your hair in the very latest fashion, and chop logic with you
ad interim; who would give you a superb shave, and simultaneously
discourse on the Greek roots; who would furnish an elegant "shampoo,"
and all the while interest you by quotations , from Socrates, Longinus,
Thomas Aquinas; who would give you the catalogue of his private
library where the very finest edition of the Greek, Latin and English
classics could be found; a man who would make you a wig, and at the
same time weave you a web of philosophy, of metaphysics and religion,
that you would carry to your grave; a learned, scholarly, thoroughly
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 357
educated barber, who only went to rest these last few months, and who
was indeed a marvel of the by-gones of Detroit.
"When shall we look upon his like again" a scholarly barber; a
logical wig-maker; a classical hair-dresser; a most learned sharnpooer,
a tonsorial artist, and an expounder of Greek philosophy, all combined;
a marvelous conjunction of the vulgar art of living, with the aesthetics
of the academy, the homely drudgery of every day life, united with the
beautiful teachings of Plato, Socrates arid Cicero, on the banks of the
Ilyssus.
But let us look the Woodworth Hotel over, it will take but a moment.
'Observe that it is only two stories over the basement; it is plain in its
construction and model. On entering from the street you find the stage
office, the bar where in those days one could get a glass of pure Monon-
gahela whisky, old Jamaica rum, brandy imported from Quebec, that
had no adulteration in it by-gones now giving place only to liquid
hell fire, adulterated stuff composed of vitriol, red pepper, fusil oil and
corn whisky, fit only to make murderers, suicides and maniacs. Then
came a large sitting-room, accidentally inscribed as setting-room; then a
large dining-room, all neatly, simply furnished, but all most comfort-
able; where in the next flight of stairs was the ladies' parlor, a very
large room which we used to occupy for whig meetings, several large
double rooms, where you would find not infrequently at least eight
members of the legislative council, all living and sleeping there.
The carpets were not velvet nor Royal Wilton, but three ply, softened
by heavy linings of hay which gave rather frowsy odors to the room.
The furniture was very substantial, not mahogany; the forks were of
steel, not silver, and the knives had bone instead of ivory handles; but
every room and bed in that hotel was year in and year out full.
In February of each year, after the session of the supreme court
of the territory, around that table were wont to congregate the members
of the bar; and the annual bar dinner was given when Judge
Woodbridge, that witty old gentleman, at the head of the table, was
flanked by Chief Justice Sibley and Justice Morell, and at the foot sat
Harry 8. Cole, with Boss Wilkins on his right, and midway between
the two was Gen. Charles Lamed, one of the most elegant, dashing and
princely of all that bar, having on either hand George McDougall, the
father of the bar, and Charles Cleland, its poet, editor, toastmaster,
while on the other side sat Augustus S. Porter, pulling his nose in
nervous enjoyment of the wine and wit, when every member was con-
demned to give a toast, tell a story, make a speech, sing a song or drink
a glass of salt and water, and when Cleland's last toast was always to
358 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
old McDougall, a legal Jack Falstaff, redivivus, the quandam father of
the bar, then light-house keeper at Fort Gratiot, and which was always
drunk standing, somewhat in these words:
BRETHEBN OP THE BAR "We drink now to the Nestor of our Bar, George McDou-
gall, who in early life shed the light and brilliancy of his genius over our profession
in beautiful Michigan, but who now in his old age illuminates the dark waters of
Lake Huron with his magic lantern, and so guides the tempest tossed mariners
safely through storms and dangers of the lake down to the silvery streams of St.
Glair."
At which three cheers and a tiger were given, heel taps all around,
and then after a valedictory from Judge Hand, the bar went back into
chancery.
But let us hurry on to the new Grand Hotel, the then Palmer
House of Detroit, the old Mansion House, where all the elite of
Detroit, the military, naval and civil officers of our government did
then most congregate. In these "by-gones" the Detroit river in turning
around so as to swing Sandwich Point, made a huge detour just at the
foot of Cass street, and sweeping away inland made a second Tappan
Zee. Its banks at that curve were the Cass farm, the Jones, Wood-
bridge, Baker and Thompson farms, very high and bold, and Gen.
Cass' orchard came almost to the edge of the bluff. High up on the
bank just below Cass street stood this dashing old home, the Mansion
House, built many years before our visit of today, July, 1885. It wa&
made of stone some three stories high, with a veranda along its entire
front and huge pillars reaching clear away to the roof, and then
extended back some two hundred feet deep. From that veranda you
could look right down over old Uncle Oliver Newberry's warehouse,,
across the Detroit iron works, and have an exquisite view of the river,
the dwellings and gardens at Windsor and Sandwich, down around the
point, Springwells, and the smoke of the coming up steamer could
always be seen far away round Sandwich Point. That old porch wa&
very cool and delightful; and there today you see grouped on the ver-
anda, young Gov. Tom Mason, so handsome and genial, prim John
Norvell, Lieutenants Alex. Centre, John M. Berrien, Heintselman, all
drawn up with rheumatism, Lieut. Poole, Capt. Russell, Major Forsyth,
of the army, Judge Morell, Judge Wilkins, Thomas Sheldon, Justin
Burdick and numerous other long-time habitues of this old inn, for
today was a gala day in Detroit.
They all adjourn to the bar to drink a mint julep. This is hot
weather, and we enter and look through the office into the high and
spacious parlor and the dining room, and where all looks lofty com-
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 359
pared with the Woodworth Hotel, which we have just left. Mr. Boyer,
the proprietor, whose wife died here of cholera last summer 1834 is
a heavy, ponderous, sluggy Pennsylvanian, brought here by Gov. Geo.
B. Porter, who also died of cholera last summer, and the house feels
sensibly the loss of Mrs. Boyer, the landlady, who was the more active,
energetic and useful one of the proprietors, while Churchill, then its
clerk, bar-keeper and > man of all work combined, had none of poor Sam
Woodworth's cheeriness or courtliness. The records of that old Mansion
House, if they could be exhumed and read now, would furnish a sketch
of Detroit, its old citizens and guests that would astonish, interest and
amuse. Perhaps old mortality will still grub them up, chip away the
moss and clear off the dust that time has scattered over them.
On that veranda at midnight, after the wedding of G. Mott Williams
and the beautiful Miss Mary Strong, stood all our crowd, and saw with
amazement and fear the first meteoric shower ever witnessed, which old
George McDougall, Charley Cleland and Eb Canning all declared was
the feu de joie from Heaven, at the wedding of Detroit's most beautiful
belle. Poor Mott a good fellow, an honest man, long since gone upward
where the heavenly shower originated; and his widow still remains, beauti-
ful in her white hair a cheery, genial "by-gone" lady, a mother, grand-
mother and noble woman. On that veranda in 1837 Daniel Webster
was welcomed to Detroit, and in Gen. Cass' orchard afterwards
graded down by Abraham Smolk, dumped into the river, making some
seventeen acres of new river front made one of those godlike speeches
which no other man ever had, ever can or ever will make.
In the kitchen, directly under the long dining-room in those " by-
gones," dancing or waltzing parties were sometimes improvised, as
after the meteoric shower in which the blue pants and white stripes of
the United States infantry, the scarlet and gold of the artillery, the
learned lawyers and dashing M. D's. might all be seen mingled in the
giddy mazes of the waltz with the German and French girls, who at
other times waited on the tables, performed the duties of femme de
chambre; and where, at rare times, even judges of the supreme court,
attorney general and United States court officers were very joyous
when the partners of the rosy cheeked, blue eyed and beautiful Ger-
man waltzer of the kitchen department.
At that dining table during a whole season sat Silas Wright, New
York's greatest Senator, vis a vis to Judge Morell, wife and daughter;
Capt. J. B. F. Russell, of the United States artillery, with his gorge-
ous wife, a blue blooded Peyton, of Virginia; a splendid beauty they,
too, are " by-gones " who had in her train always, everywhere, repre-
360 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
sentatives of all classes of gay Lotharios; who turned the head even of
poor old George McDougall, and afterwards George Smith, the Scotch
banker of Chicago, and who today frightens all her old admirers by
demanding widow's dower of their homesteads of Chicago. At that
same table Stephen A. Douglas was not an infrequent guest, then in
the very beginning of that career not less brilliant than the meteoric
showers; and there have I seen in brilliant army ct>stume, side by side,
Gens. Scott, Worth, Wool, McComb, Whiting, Larned, and an army of
subalterns. And now and then when' Jack Smith and Bill Abbott had
taken too many juleps would they ride their Canadian ponies up the
steps, directly into the bar room, and then "en cheval," drink yet another
mint julep, made of fresh mint and pure Monongahela whisky, just
touched on its brim with peach brandy and honey . But now " here
today the glory of this dear old Mansion House departeth,
"Oh now, forever, farewell;
Farewell the tranquil mind farewell content."
Now the Michigan Exchange is opened and all the crowd are now
about to go there and aid in its christening. So, in fall all the gentry,
and in double files, led by Gov. Stevens T. Mason and John Norvell
we march to the corner of Shelby street and Jefferson avenue, where,
at the door, the entire party are welcomed by Shubael Conant, the
owner and builder of that then magnificent palace, and by Austin Wales
and his brother, E. B. Wales, then its proud and youthful landlords.
Prodigious indeed, is this new grand hotel, one hundred feet front on
the avenue, the same in depth on Shelby street, four stories in height,
of pressed brick front with stone trimmings. It begins a new era in
Detroit. Old times are passing away, and commerce and fashion are
westward bound today.
Of the building itself I need not speak. Like the monument of
Bunker Hill " there it stands, and the first rays of the morning sun
greet it, and the last hours of the expiring day linger and play around
its base."
The dining room in that day was up stairs over the corner store, at
the conjunction of Shelby street and Jefferson avenue, where Webb,
Douglass & Company, of Albany, the junior partner of whom was John
Chester, for many a long year had the first wholesale and retail crock-
ery establishment. Directly from the street you entered the office, and
on the right was a large, well lighted, airy, elegant bar, with a mahog-
any rail, rested on plated silver arms or braces in front, and where on
this opening day, everybody, young and old, grand and humble, drank
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 361
pure liquors to their heart's content, for then we had no Red Rib-
bons, " 'tis true, 'tis pity, and pity 'tis 'tis true."
Everybody shakes hands with Shubael Conant, then a teetotaler of the
strictest kind, like old Solomon, who 'had found "wine and strong drink
to be a mocker." Everybody congratulated Wales & Co., and everybody
drank with everybody, and "all went merrie as a marriage bell."
Late dinner was served, arBd around that first table were gathered
John A. "Wells, Geo. B. Martin, Walter Newberry, Rufus Brown, John
Chester, George E. Hand, Col. Daniel Goodwin, Ambrose Townsend,
John L. Talbott, Bill Alvord, Morgan L. Martin, while at its head sat
Judge Conant, a Vermont giant who occupied that same seat until he
was upwards of eighty years of age and a great number of invited
guests, including all who came over from the Mansion House.
The register of that first day of the Michigan Exchange, as Irish
John used to shriek it out, will furnish over one hundred and fifty
names of the Detroit guests, and out of all that number not a dozen
remain to this day to read these "By-Gones," or to recall the pleasures
of youth and hope there gathered round the first table ever spread in
that now universally known hostelry. Underneath that old roof lived
Fletcher Webster, the favorite son of Daniel Webster, and wife,
Anthony Ten Eyck and lady, Marshal 'I. Bacon and wife,- John A.
Welles and wife, Robert McClelland and wife and nearly all the quan-
dam guests of the Mansion House, while Judge Conant, Uncle Gurdon
Williams, Salt William, Stammering Alph, Young Gurdon, Poor Bill
Alvord, John L. Talbott, and multitudes of others, either actually lived
in the house or left it only to die somewhere else.
Forty-two years have come and gone since that opening day of the
Michigan Exchange an epoch in Detroit, July, 1835, and of the
multitudes then in our streets only here and there can you see a gray
haired man, plodding wearily on, waiting for the carriage that will be
be his escort to Elmwood but even to this day with its old-fashioned
front, its simplicity and plainness of outward seeming, whosoever shall
enter there will find every comfort and care that heart can desire or
money command. Like the old homes of Detroit its latch string is
always on the outside, and the weary and dust stained traveler will
ever find a cordial and hearty welcome.
46
362 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
t!
No. X.
THE DETROIT BOAT CLUB AND THE REGATTA.
"Not faster yonder rowers' might
Flings round their oars the^spray;
Not faster yonder rippling bright
That tracks the shallop's course in light
Melts in the straits away,
Than men from memory erase
The benefits of former days;
Then strangers go good speed the while,
Nor think again of the lonely isle."
"Lady of the Lake"
Time with his old scythe cutting a wide swathe like poor Joe of
"Tom-all Alone's" "moves on" and now it is February 18, 1839, and
Detroit has put on since our last many city airs; is becoming every
day more and more a mart of commerce, of trade, of manufactures, and
business. The National hotel has been built by Chase & Ballard, and
outshines in its lofty front, pretentious style and dazzling new paint
the Michigan Exchange, and opened under the auspices of Harring of
New York, is quite the swell house of the city; and it has continued
to grow and improve, until today it has become the fashionable
Eussell House, with its multitudinous windows and their variegated
shades and lofty outlook on the corner of Woodward avenue and
Michigan Grand Biver avenue. The old Governor Hull house, owned
by that very prince of gentlemen, John Biddle, has been opened as the
American hotel by old Mr. Griswold and sons, one of whom, George
B. Griswold, was a leading democrat, who afterward became a purser in
the navy, where he died; and after that house had been twice burned,
it finally arose Phoenix-like, in the present Biddle House, which, under
the caprices and whims of its lessee, is shut and closed, a great injury
to business in that quarter, and a strange freak it would seem of a
long headed business man.
And with all these rapid changes in business in commerce along the
wharf, in that little strip of railroad finished to Ypsilanti, whose
terminus here was just opposite the National, where Lafayette avenue
joins and terminates in Michigan avenue, on the site of the north
wing of your noble city hall came the fancies, the whims and amuse-
ments of a metropolitan western town, and so this day, February 19,
1839, the Detroit river looking more blue and beautiful than ever in
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 363
contrast with the white SDOW upon its banks, suggests to the young
men of the city a boat club; and E. A. Brush, James A. Armstrong,
John Chester, J. H. Farnsworth, Andrew T. McReynolds, Alfred Brush,
Alpheus S. Williams and Alex. H. Sibley meet and organize the
Detroit Boat Club, and of course E. A. Brush was elected president
(he always was on such occasions), and James A. Armstrong was made
secretary, and this added to his other duties as secretary of the old
Brady Guards, secretary of the Detroit Dramatic Club of which more
anon secretary of the Detroit Young Men's Society, gave him employ-
ment in all his leisure time, and all his books and records were kept
as if engraved on copper plate and there a formal carefully prepared
constitution was adopted, and the members then present signed the
same; but of those first ten subscribers five are gone on their last long
voyage, while the remaining five as they move on, remind one of the
old men-of-war's men, in Trinity Hospital or in the dock yards of
London, who are anxious to put on all the airs and assume the vigor
and outward and visible signs of Teal young Jack tars.
But at the next meeting of the boat club, a new and even more
dashing element appeared in the signatures of John Winder, Isaac 8.
Rowland, Anthony Ten Eyck, Asher S. Kellogg, Rufus Brown, Wesley
Truesdail, J. Nicholson Elbert, Alexander Jauden, Col. Deacon, Samuel
Lewis, D. C. Holbrook, Geo. C. Bates, and Capt. Wm. T. Pease, whose
character and position at that time gave new features to this young
bantling. Col. Isaac S. Rowland was soon to be the brother-in-law of
Governor Thompson Mason, and was now a man of grand station as
Captain of the Brady Guards. Anthony Ten Eyck was a distinguished
democrat and lawyer, and was made United States Commissioner and
counsel at the Sandwich Islands by President Polk. Poor Saxe Kellogg,
with his hollow cough, his long hair and long, lanky limbs, was the
partner in the great commission house of Mead, Kellogg & Co. Dr.
Rufus Brown was a large, cultivated and successful merchant. Wesley
Truesdail, in the full flush galore and high tide of success as cashier
of the bank of St. Clair with its business office here, while Elbert and
Jaudon, brother of the cashier of the United States bank of Philadelphia,
and Deacon, son of old Commodore Deacon, of the United States navy,
were young blue bloods, fancy business men from Philadelphia, who had
just founded a city on the sands ten miles south of Grand Haven, Port
Sheldon, built an enormous long wharf and hotel there, consumed
$200,000 and champagne enough to make deep water over the bar of the
Grand river, bought a superb brig and imported from Philadelphia an
elegant sail- boat and eight-oared row-boat, for pleasure; but the winds
364 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
came and beat upon the sands, and the waters of Lake Michigan and
the wild waves of speculation washed away their city, and these young
gentlemen came to Detroit, where Elbert, a most estimable gentleman,
died. Years after Jaudon lived on his brother's reputation and his
own wits and keenness, while Col. Deacon, after a visit to .Paris,
became a pseudo count, married in Boston the wealthiest belle of the
" Hub," Miss Parker, traveled in Europe, and finally died instantly by
bursting a blood-vessel, and Capt. Wm. T. Pease, the handsomest,
jolliest and the most elegant of all the captains on the lakes, trod in
nautical pride and glory for many a long year the quarter decks of the
steamers Michigan, Illinois and Niagara; and when the railways finally
drove them from the lakes, for many a long season on propellers of
vast size and capacity from Chicago to Buffalo, until about seven years
since, he went into dry dock in the custom house at Buffalo, where
sickening and pining on the land for the lakes, he died three years
since. God bless him. No more genial, courtly and elegant sailor
ever trimmed a yard, squared a sail or tripped an anchor than Capt.
Bill Pease; and no matter whether plunging in Cimmerian darkness into
a nor'easter with the old Michigan, plowing the waves of Lake Mich-
igan in November gales on the propeller Fulton, or presiding at her
cabin table with hundreds of guests, or acting as coxswain of the
Detroit Boat Club, he was always everywhere, and at all times a
superb careful sailor, and a true American tar and gentleman combined.
Such were the men who thirty-eight years ago united as the Detroit
Boat Club, and bought in New York for $225 an eight oared barge, 38
feet long, which was originally intended to go to England as an American
race boat, and which today, after her long maritime service, swings at her
davits in the splendid club house at the foot of Joseph Campau avenue.
But, of course, the first thing to give eclat and dash to this new sport-
ing club, was a striking, stunning, sailor-like uniform, and on April 10,
1839, the following was adopted: A chip sailor hat covered with white
linen and broad black band, sailor pantaloons of white duck, with black
belts around the waist, shoes with low, sewed heels, white socks, black
silk neck handkerchief knot, shirts, a blue ground with white figure
and broad square collar, coat of Kentucky jean; and if these new young
aquatics could have seen in this natty and sailor like uniform, these
by-gone boatmen Armstrong, Chester, Jaudon, Elbert, Count Deacon,
with Capt. Pease as coxswain, E. A. Brush and Eufus Brown as bow
oarsmen; and that heavy boat shooting up the Detroit river filled with
beautiful lady guests on a moonlight night at the rate of ten miles
per hour and observed the uniformity, steadiness and length of their
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 365
stroke, they would have realized that in these latter day contests the
old "Detroit Boat Club" may well repose upon it honors and laurels
now in the long gone by-gones ere the new young oarsman of today
were born.
" Tall trees from little acorns grow,
Large streams from little fountains flow."
And no better illustration of this or the rising grandeur and glory of
Detroit can be found than is furnished by this brief record of the
beginning of the Detroit Boat Club, a generation ago.
In May, 1843, Wesley Truesdail bought from Alexander Jaudon the
club boat, so called, of the Port Sheldon Company. And this was the
last and only of the assets of that grand western speculation that had
spent $200,000, and exhausted 500 baskets of champagne in the vain
effort to rear and build a city where a few Dutchmen have come long
since, founded Holland and made a grand success. This new boat
carried six oars and was a model of beauty and speed for those days.
A perfect water nymph a sylph. And she, too, now after an existence
of thirty-seven years, swings at her moorings in the club house, super-
seded by the lighter, gayer, and more fashionable shallops and shells
of modern clays, just as our beautiful belles of that period have given
away to these dashy, smart, and fresh young girls, and have become
mothers and grandmothers.
In the by-gones on Hog Island now known by the more elegant
and euphonious name of Belle Isle, in honor of the then Miss Isabella
Cass, now the Baroness Yon Limburg, of Holland, for whom one hundred
and twenty mail contractors at Baltimore in 1843 swore by the Eternal
" they would vote for as President of the United States" the club univer-
sally passed its Fourth of July, and then on the 3d a detachment was sent
to clear away grounds, pitch marquees and tents borrowed from the army
and there they entertained among their guests Misses Isabella Cass,
Emma Schwartz, the Misses Griswold, sisters of Purser Geo. R. Griswold
of the navy, and all the elite of Detroit society; and there Maj. Eobert A.
Forsyth and Henry S. Ledyard were always assigned to the duty of
brewing a big bowl of sailor punch, half-and-half, a duty that was per-
formed to the satisfaction of everybody; and toasts were drunk to the
memory of George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and so
.on down to Gen. Harrison, in successive goblets, filled to the very
brim, and just tipped and touched on the edge with pineapple, rum
and arrack.
There, on July 4, 1841, the guests of the day were Gen. George M.
Brooke and his handsome adjutant, George Deas, who married Miss
366 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
Garland; subsequently went with his brother-in-law, Gen. Longstreet,
into the Confederate army, and, after the rebellion, broke down and
died of a broken heart. Gen. Brooke, Colonel of the Fourth Infantry,
was that gallant old Virginian hero who, in 1813, at the sortie of Fort
Erie, opposite Buffalo, when the American batteries were shooting wild
because they could not find the locality of the British troops, volun-
teered and took a large glass lantern lighted under his military cloak,
crept on his belly inside the British lines, quietly clambered up a beech
tree, tied the lantern to a limb and instantly dropped to the ground
and ran, while a hundred cannon blazed away at him ineffectually, and
he came safe back to camp. He was brave as Ney, gallant as Murat,
and a most elegant old Virginia gentlemen. Today Belle Isle is the
abode where in summer the young men of society congregate, where
good dinner, music and dancing, flirting, picnicking and sporting and all
the refinements of society, all the elegancies of fashion, all the enjoy-
ments of cultured life may be found; but of these club men only here
and there remains an antiquated specimen. Its president and elegant
secretary, the coxswain and bow oarsman and all the Philadelphia
attaches have long since mingled with their mother earth "Dust to
dust, ashes to ashes." But let us see now what has come from this
small beginning and few grains of seed sown on the Detroit river in
the by-gones of 1839.
A LAPSE OF THIRTY FIVE YEARS.
In early summer it happened that chance medley brought here one
of the original members of that old club; and falling into the hospita-
ble hands of one of its present members, a son of Virginia, born akin
to the great Hunter stock of the mother of presidents, an invitation
was hospitably given and cordially accepted to go to the new quarters,
at the foot of Joseph Campau avenue, and had he found there the
palace of Aladdin and the genii that inhabited it his surprise could not
have been greater. A beautiful house in the Italian cottage style, is
built clear in and over the waters of the Strait; and as the river mur-
murs and gurgles and ripples along its base, one would imagine himself
on the Grand Canal in Venice, and there in the basement sheltered
from storms and winds, hung the two old boats, and some half dozen
new ones of all sizes, models, shapes and names; while in the inner
dock swung at anchor a beautiful yacht, reposing on the river like a
swan, a perfect nautical water witch, whose tapering masts, sharp bow,
rounded stern and huge canvas, reminded one of the pirates of the
West Indies, and whose furniture and entire rig bespoke nautical skill,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 367
aquatic taste and wealth to maintain it. Ascending to the reception
rooms on the second floor a scene was presented that again carried one
to Venice or the Golden Gate, for looking in every direction save one,
you saw the deep, deep blue of the Straits, whose surface was dotted
all over with shallops, shells, barges, tugs, sloops, brigs, propellers,
wherries, ferries, and old-fashioned steamers, and on going still higher,
away across was Sandwich, and running your eye up and down the
Straits, you saw that Detroit since 1839, the birthday of this club, had
spread like a matron growing old and broad, until from Hamtramck
clear down to Fort Wayne, more than five miles, was one continuous
dock where propellers, steamers and vessels of all descriptions lay along-
side them discharging -and receiving their cargo and in this amateur
sailor's home were carpets, elegant furniture, engravings, pictures, prizes,
models, fancy oars, and a superbly furnished ladies reception room,
where fairy fingers had draped and arranged the flags and curtains and
signals of all the boat clubs of the land, and where doubtless many a
brave, young sailor boy has told his love, sailor like, to every successive
pretty girl whom he met there, for land sailors are like water sailors
who fiud a new sweetheart in every port or place they go to.
Since the organization of that first club its muster roll has grown
by hundreds, embracing many business men and men of wealth, and
its property has increased by many thousands of dollars. While
inspired by its example and stimulated by its success, no less than
ten different boat clubs are in the directory of Detroit today. And all
over Michigan other young men have followed their example and have
organized clubs of their own, until a small navy could be improvised
in a week on these lakes, of brave, dashing, gallant young sailor boys.
Nor is this all, on the 5th of August last, Detroit was the scene of
the grandest regatta, the largest congregation of boat clubs ever seen
on this continent. Young athletes, splendid fellows in their stylish
club costumes, with shells and barges, gathered here from every part
of our country from the Saskatchewan in Pembina, the Big Muddy,
the lakes of Minnesota, the rivers of Kansas, the Atlantic cities; from
Cleveland, Toledo, Erie, from Saginaw Bay, from La Pleasance Bay at
Monroe, from the Hudson, the Susquehanna, the Delaware, the Kenne-
bec, the Penobscot and the Connecticut, from Baltimore and Norfolk,
all in one grand struggle for the splendid prizes of Detroit manufacture.
The skies were dark, the clouds hung, heavy nearly all the regatta
week. Kain fell daily, but what cared they, young bloods, full of life,
strength, pluck, vigor and hope, for rain? Sailor boys expect it live
on the water struggle on the water battle on the water as brave
368 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
soldiers do on the land and win or lose those beautiful classic prizes by
the water. So day by day when the call sounded, rain or shine, these
young naval heroes bared their bodies to the fight, and as in the
Olympian and Isthmian games, where Alexander told his father he too
" Would contend if kings were to be his competitors," they pulled and
rowed, they struggled and strove, in the presence of thousands of
witnesses as if their lives, their country, their liberties, their honors,
were at stake, and the conquerors received the cheers, the plaudits and
the huzzas of myriads of men, and the smiles, and braves and bouquets
from a grand amphitheatre of beautiful young women, that would have
rewarded Napoleon at Austerlitz, Grant at Richmond, Sheridan at
Shenandoah, Sherman at Chattanooga, Hooker at Lookout Mountain,
and would, with their witcheries and beauty, their youth and
sweetness, have stayed and tamed even Sitting Bull and his Sioux
warriors in their terrific strife on the Tongue river with the heroic
Ouster and his gallant " six hundred."
This pencil, which brings back the "by-gones of Detroit" forty
years ago, remembers no such scene- in the past, and it trembles even
now with the wild excitement of that spirited struggle and those
shouts and cheers, that joyous, heaven- ringing applause. How the
Detroit river, as blue as the straits at the Golden Horn; as gorgeous
and beautiful as the Golden Gate in the tranquil sea did respond and
laugh in hearty conjunction with those bright, beaming, rosy-cheeked
girls; and how these old gray hairs did curl and tremble, with the futile
wish that they were young again, now, as in the by-gones and the vain
thought that our antiquated Detroit Boat Club might once more pull
an oar before such a congregation, and win a prize; to be petted and
rewarded by the cheers and smiles, the plaudits and praises of such a
vast crowd of brave men and sweet women.
The only reward that these young conquerors obtained was a prize
to be kept as the crown of olive was after the Olympian games, and
the return home of those aquatic heroes was like unto that of the
Boys in Blue on their return from the battle fields of the Republic,
and in painting, in poetry, in The Daily Free Press, of Detroit, and
the press of our nation, their deeds and conquests, their achievements
'and victories are embalmed in the hearts and memories of our whole
people. "True it is, and pity 'tis 'tis true," that our old Detroit Boat
Club carried off no prize in that grand regatta, received no cheers and
won no crown of olive; had no smiles from youth and beauty, but like
a dear venerable mother and grandmother of the "by-gones," it was
proud to remember that but for its early efforts no club would have
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 369
been organized, no regatta have come off; no prizes have been won; no
applause hate been heard, and that it now pledges with renewed zeal,
new coaching and training to beat the whole sporting world at the
next grand regatta in Detroit.
No. XI of the "By-Gones" will embrace life photographs of the
by-gone merchants of Detroit and their young successors, men of 1832
to 1836.
No. XI.
THE BY-GONE MERCHANTS.
SOME FORTY YEARS AGO.
Old time moves its hand backward on the dial plate to 1833; the
morning of the 14th of May, when youth sat at the helm, hope spread
her sails and passion steered the way of the young adventurer to the
then "Far West" from Canandaigua, "Old Ontario," to Michigan;
and up and down the broad avenues Jefferson and Woodward and
along Larned, Woodbridge, Congress and Griswold streets, the young
emigrant with eager eye, studies the shops, the stores, the trading
houses, the saloons, the eating houses, the market places and the
markets of Detroit, and peers in here and stops there to study the
faces and manners, the stocks in trade, the articles of barter and
exchange which the merchant princes of that day the old traders and
manufacturers offered in the market.
And memory, today, will renew and restore some of these most
interesting and intelligent merchant princes, who before this May,
1833, have by daily toil, by strict honesty, and the utmost economy,
accumulated what, even in these fast days, would be considered large
fortunes, and which, seeking investment in the. old French farms of
Detroit, left such large estates as the Campaus, Morans, Desnoyers,
Beaubiens, Williamses, Conants, Coopers, Cooks, Jones, and all that
set.
THE LONG, LONG WEARY WAY.
Bear in mind, please, you young merchants, that in those "by-gones"
a trip to Montreal or New York, to purchase a stock of goods, con-
47
370 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
sumed, from the hour of setting out to the arrival of the stores, from
three to six months; that the purchaser must leave here ill February,
cross Canada in the old French "carryall," and after some two or three
weeks reach the marts of commerce, either in Montreal or New York,
whence all the supplies came; that then in- the spring, after the ice had
gone from the Hudson river, these goods must travel on the Erie
canal (after 1826) and reach Black Rock some time in June, when
they would be shipped on the old steamers like the Ontario, the Clay,
Sheldon, Niagara, Thompson, and Pioneer, and would not, even with
their speed, reach Detroit before midsummer; while anterior to 1826,
when the Erie canal was first opened, they were wagoned from Albany
to Buffalo by ten or twelve horse teams attached to huge covered
wagons with tires as broad as the brim of a Quaker hat, traveling in
grand caravans of a hundred in line, and which consumed from one
month to six weeks in their transit to Buffalo. Of course stocks of
goods in those early days were laid in for a whole year, and were
bought so late as in 1836 from Pearl street merchants, at three, six,
nine, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months' credit, which was very
rarely even abused or betrayed by these old merchants, whose shades
are here gathered around this pencil, chatting, smiling, and laughing over
a memory that mirrors them, all their persons, characters, habits,
dress, and address as if today were that same bright, beautiful May
day forty-four years ago.
In those by-gones respect to age and veneration thereof, was taught
to all the young and it was beautiful to see youth and beauty cluster-
ing around the grandfathers and grandmothers of those old Detroiters,
and joining in all the hilarity, the frolics and the dances, where beaux
of eighty and ninety years danced the minuets and contra-dances and
Virginia reel with blooming, beautiful young girls of sixteen to eighteen.
So we begin with our visit today, as in duty bound, in the order of
age, and pay our respects as we pass along, not in order of success
and wealth, but in that of time, who furnished us his calendar. On
the corner of Bates street and Jefferson avenue we call and find
PETER DESNOYERS,
the same of whom we have hitherto spoken, with cheeks like the
moss rose of summer, eyes sea blue, and that genial, sunny smile, and
here he is. Coming in you can find all kinds of French and Indian
goods, Mackinaw blankets in grand perfection, rifles, guns and pistols of
all sorts; calicoes, beautiful, dashing, but all decidedly Frenchy; beads
of all kinds for young girls, matrons, grandmothers, and Indians;
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 371
rosaries of every kind, price and shade; moccasins beautifully orna-
mented, boots, shoes, sugar from Mackinaw; hardware of every shape,
and a general stock, such as in those " by-gone " days were always
here. But "Grandpapa" Desnoyers is now very gray, stoops a little
and laughs a great deal, is rich, and so this shop demands little of his
time, and was soon swept away by the grand rush of young business
men from the east to the west.
Crossing the avenue to where now stands the Williams block we find
BARNEY CAMPAU A CO.,
the partner being Gen. John R. Williams, both straight as arrows,
both very tall, and very talkative; both perfect gentlemen of the
olden time, who always saluted their friends with an earnest, bon jour,
bon jour, mon ami, all ladies by lifting the hat from the head, and
paying the same honors to the bishop, priests, judges, and officers of
the army; both capital business men, who for half a century bought
their business supplies from Montreal and Quebec, and sold them here
to les habitans, the bons ciioyens of France, and the pioneers from the
States. Barney Campau was a hard working old Frenchman, while,
GEN. JOHN R. WILLIAMS,
was a most precise, dashing, elegant old gentleman, who, in perfect
dress, an elegant gold headed cane or in the full dress of a brigadier
general of the militia, attracted the attention of all the boys and the
raptures of all the young ladies fifty years ago. That he was held in
high esteem by all the citizens is evidenced by the fact that he was six
times elected mayor of Detroit. He also commanded the contingent of
troops from eastern Michigan in the Black Hawk War. They both
worked very hard, lived very well and hospitably to a period of life past
eighty and then died, leaving unto their families rich legacies, and
their undivided estates today would compare well with the young
millionaires of 1832-36, of whom by and by.
But here comes along the street
SHUBAEL CONANT,
of the firm of Mack & Conant, a Vermonter, now well on to forty-
eight, fully six feet high, a massive, well-built old gentleman. His
hair is very white, his cheeks, too, very red.
His large, gray eye tells of energy and courage, while his mouth, full
of superb teeth, expresses firmness, persistence and success. His arms
372 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
are long, hands very large. His feet are large, and whenever he puts
down his foot there it stays. A long time ago he came from Windsor,
Vermont, and backed up by Thomas Emerson, a veritable curiosity, a
banker, a fur dealer, merchant and everything else.
Conant & Mack have dealt largely and successfully in furs, have made
money, and Mack has gone to Pontiao, Oakland county, while Conant
is nursing his vast real estate, preparing to build the Michigan
Exchange; going out to the ten thousand acre tract to shoot deer and
wild turkeys; attending all the prayer meetings in Parson Well's old
Presbyterian Church, for like Solomon of old, he has, after a long life
full of the good things of life, now found in old age, that all is "vanity
and vexation of spirit." Conant sat at the head of the table of the
Michigan Exchange until he was nearly ninety years of age, and not
unfrequently, at eighty years of age, striding his old gray mare, rifle
in hand, and, on very cold winter days, beating up the whole ten thousand
acre tract for deer and wild turkey. But finally the trumpet sounded
and dividing his large estate among the children of his brother, for
he was a sturdy old bachelor, and left no children, he answered roll
call, and leaving on earth no blot on his name, he went to join his old
Detroit comrades in their happy hunting ground, where all is peace
and rest.
Some years before him, his old patron,
THOMAS EMERSON,
the unique, of Windsor, Vermont, preceded him. His personal
appearance and address was the duplicate of old Mr. Pickwick, blue coat,
brass buttons and gold headed cane, while he himself, was the most
testy, phthisicky, nervous, excitable old gentleman,' that ever lived, and
when his "red ribbon" was off, as was very often the case, the wealthy
old banker would dance and rave like a madman at any losses or
delays in business. He had a customer here,
THOMAS PALMER,
of the firm of J. & T. Palmer, the exact opposite, " Uncle Tom," as
everybody called Mr. Palmer, was a huge Vermonter quite six feet
in height, weighing over two hundred pounds, with a very red face, watery
eye, over which hung a pair of steel mounted spectacles, through which
he scarcely ever looked. His movements were slow and sluggish; his
conversation was pleasant, but very quiet, and he took everything very
easy and quiet; especially business, trade and payment of debts. He
BY-GONES OP DETROIT. 373
was a most honest and upright man, dealing in everything but money,
which he seemed really to contemn. Furs, rat skins, coon skins, skunk
skins, beaver, otter, fox and wolf skins, shingles, lumber lands, lots and
mortgages; whitefish, salt, apples, and peaches, everything that walks
on the earth or swims in the lakes, "Uncle Tom" Palmer would buy
or sell, provided the boot, as he called it, was paid in dicker, and he
waxed and grew fat and old, and when he died, left a large estate to
his heirs. But while the inventory of his estate showed property of
all and every kind, there was but a small amount of cash. He
dickered on to the very last, and, if he left a last will and testament,
he disposed of everything which man can use, save only money.
" UNCLE TOM'S BOND."
Well, among the estates of Thomas Emerson, banker, etc., in Wind-
sor, Vermont, in 1834, which was dated way back to the oldest
by-gones, on which there were many indorsements of payments made
as below:
Eeceived on this bond January, 1820, in coon skins $100 00
Received on this bond January, 1821, in shingles 50 00
Eeceived of Thomas Palmer May, 1831, in fish 100 00
Eeceived of Thomas Palmer May, 1832, in lath and boards 75 00
And so on, but the last two years there were no payments.
Now in July, 1834, there swept over Vermont, Windsor especially, a
wave of religion, and Thomas Emerson was one of the "brands snatched
from the burning." Immediately he became one of the most earnest
of all in that town, and turning his back on the gold and the silver of
his bank, he prayed earnestly, most zealously and most sincerely.
It will be remembered that, that same year cholera broke out with
absolute malignity here, cut up our people root and branch, and thirty
days decimated the population. On the 16th of August, 1834, thirty-
seven persons died from this dreaded disease and everybody was horror
struck. That evening it happened that Harry Cole and another by-gone
met in Dr. Rice's office just in the rear of" the now First National
Bank, to inquire what the news was; when Dr. Rice very emphatically
responded that everybody was dying and would die, that in 1832 he
had bled all his patients and cured them all "but this year" said he,
" every patient I have bled has died, and all my patients are dead."
Everything was very blue and silence prevailed until Cole drew from
his pocket the following extraordinary letter addressed to him by the
now pious and good Thomas Emerson:
374 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
WINDSOR, VERMONT, August 12, 1834.
Henry E. Cole, Esq., Attorney at Law.
MY DEAR HAL I am rejoiced to say to you, that the Lord hath been among
us here in Windsor; that a day of Pentecost is here, and that there has been
an outpouring of the Holy Ghost, and that I have been snatched as a brand
from the burning. " I am now laying up all my treasures in Heaven where neither
moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and steal."
Oh, Hal! how I wish you and our old friend, Tom Palmer, might see the
error of your ways. By the by, Mr. Palmer has not paid his interest on that bond
for nearly two years; now I learn that " the pestilence is stalking at noon-day "
among you, and we know not how soon you may go. Mr. Palmer ought to set-
tle that bond. You, and he too, ought to prepare for death, and he ought
certainly to settle that bond at once. Oh, Hal, if God would open your eyes;
and Mr. Palmer, surely he will pay the interest on that bond now. I pray
nightly and daily for you and Mr. Palmer; and trust he will pay the interest
on this bond.
That the Lord will guard and keep you, dear Hal, and my friend Palmer, is
our constant prayer; but do make him pay the interest on the bond. I will
take furs, shingles, lumber, apples, fish, or anything he has. God bless and pre-
serve you both, but please do not let Mr. Palmer forget to pay the interest on
the bond.
Your devoted friend,
THOMAS EMERSON.
With twenty-five cents postage prepaid, this unique missive came r
after a week's voyage to Detroit. Harry Cole and Thomas Palmer both
survived the cholera, and Emerson's bond was all paid and canceled
long before Mr. Palmer took his ticket of leave.
But we are still on Jefferson avenue and at the corner of Griswold
street, where Ives' bank now stands, Dean & Hurlbut, Jerry Dean and
CHAUNCEY HURLBUT,
are in the saddle and harness business, the latter of whom, a sturdy,
strong old by-gone, who, having become rich and a director in the
Second National Bank with all its young and wealthy managers, tramps
on as forty-five years since, with a steady, quiet, old-fashioned pace,
with a kind word, a cordial shake of the hand and a warm greeting to
all his friends.
Although one of Detroit's oldest merchants, he is the youngest
Eoman of them all and is even now the active man as president
of the Water Commissioners, in completing Detroit's last and
greatest works. Chauncey was once a great fireman, wielded the
trumpet and manned the brake with vigor; but the new machines have
ended that long ago; and now a man of reputation, of wealth, of clean
hands and pure heart, he bides his time and works while he waits for
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 375
the wagon. His partner Jerry Dean, slipped his cable long ago, and
is now floating o'er unknown seas and fathomless oceans.
On the avenue, diagonally opposite that corner, is
DAVID COOPER,
that nice, precious old gentleman, whom accident brought across the
writer's path in April, 1876, about two months before his death. Those
same spectacles, which were there in 1833, were there on his nose, that
same wiry form; neat, prim, precise; dress, always black, always very neat;
the same earnest manner, the same quiet dignity, the same strong
Puritanic religionism marked him in that last day as forty-three years
before. He had grown very rich and accumulated bonds and riches up
to the millions; still that same plain old brick house on Michigan
Grand avenue was still his home, as it had been for half a century ; its
modest furniture, orderly arrangement, and perfect neatness telling the
peculiarities of its master. The quiet lady-like wife; the only son a
clergyman, well educated, studious, hard working, close, and economical,
like his father; the other brother, George Cooper, gone by an accident,
just after he came to manhood; all was like a change of scene at a
theater, as David Cooper stood in front of the beautiful monument to
the valor and blood of our boys in blue, directly opposite that splendid
city hall, and discoursed on Detroit as it was that spring morning 1838.
He was ripe and ready, for during all his life, while he was close,
careful, economical some would call him penurious justice and truth
were his handmaidens, integrity and honesty were his jewels, For seventy
years David Cooper was a Detroit merchant, yet he never failed in
business, oppressed a debtor, or defrauded a mortal of one single penny.
A devoted religionist, he shaped his whole life in accordance with his
views and teachings, and exacted of others, so far as he could a con-
formity therewith. While he was not a gentle, yet he was a truly good
man, and if there is a heaven above us "and that there is all nature
cries aloud," then David Cooper is registered there in mercantile prac-
tice as " A No. 1."
But we cross Jefferson avenue again and here we salute and shake
hands with
TUNIS S. WENDELL,
an old Knickerbocker from Albany, very pale of face, looking
always wearied and sickly, a most careful, correct business man; but
timid, always scolding at fate, always afraid of banks, yet always specu-
lating in their assets and bills, a man of weak constitution, very
376 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
devoted to his business, but somehow, like " poor Joe " he could not
move on, and so, although a man of means, owning his own brick
house opposite the Exchange, and occupying, as his store, a brick build-
ing where the First National Bank now stands, he died after loosing
almost everything he had in the crash of the " Wildcat banks" of 1841,
and 1842, and of 1848. One of his sons went away from here and has
been lost sight of for many years; the other Capt. Charles E. Wendell,
one of Michigan's bravest sons, died gallantly on the field of battle
" Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori"
But we have swung around the circle and are now at
j. L. KING'S
clothing store, corner of Woodward and Jefferson avenues, where on the
first day of life in our new home, in the basement, we took nice
coffee and pickled sheep's tongues with Capt. Charles M. Bull and
Frank Desnoyers; and today, in looking up a business man, we saw
apparently the same wild turkeys, quails, partridges, and saddles of
venison which hung there forty-three years ago. But Mr. King, after
having clothed all the sailors, white and black, on the docks, all the
French from Ecorse, River Rouge, Sandwich Point and Monguagon,
all the frogsters of Hamtramck and Springwells; after having encoun-
tered all the financial panics and bank failures from 1837 to 1877,
changed his place of business some time since, and still lives on earth
to sell clothing as of yore.
Half a block up the avenue was
FREDERICK H. STEVENS,
then a successful hardware merchant, then president of the Michigan
State Bank, who built the first very elegant brick dwelling on Jefferson
avenue, where Mrs. James A. Van Dye now lives, furnished it with
princely splendor, gave a grand house-warming in 1837; but afterwards
was swept away by the financial flood of 1844-5, and died in compara-
tively straitened circumstances. Next to him in the same block was
DARIUS LAMSON,
a strong, square, very hard-working, prudent, and very economical dry
goods merchant, who beginning there in 1818, kept on in the "noiseless
tenor of his way," always hard at work all the week, always in the
Presbyterian church on Sunday; whose unpretending home on the avenue
was always the seat of real hospitality without any of the flame and flash
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 377
of modern entertainment, but that hospitality that always had a plate
for a friend, an honest shake of the hand for a neighbor, and a
cordial "God bless you" for those who met under his roof. He, too,
left a handsome estate for his heirs, some of whom with their children
make up a number of the families of Detroit today.
LEVI COOK.
One more call and our day's visits are over. In a small wooden,
one story building, where Masonic hall now stands on Jefferson avenue,
between Griswold and Shelby streets, was the store of Levi Cook, a
perfect, childless old giant, some six feet three inches high, with a
bald head and with a wig always awry. He was three times mayor of
Detroit; the Grand Master of the Masonic lodge; the Grand High Priest
of the chapter, a man who believed and practiced Masonry as it then
was, as a bond of fraternity, unity, and brotherhood of man; a roaring
whig, a good story teller, a very careful, prudent trader, who made money,
kept his money and his lots, and left a handsome estate to nephews,
nieces, cousins and kin, and then went to the Masonic heaven, " That
house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens."
And just at this moment plods slowly along, with trembling steps,
sunken eyes and shriveled face,
JOHN ROBERTS,
long before 1833, engaged in hard work in Detroit, in the soap and
candle business. The sun shines bright this morning, and he looks
around dazed and amazed like old Rip Van Winkle, after his return
from the mountains, at the large banking houses, this new city hall,
and he seems lost in all this bustle and noise of today. He coughs
heavily, his eyes weep, and his voice trembles as he says: " I am now
eighty years old, 1 am almost the sole survivor of those old, old mer-
chants who were here long before your time. The others are all gone
and I must soon follow." A true Christian and an honest man, he is
ready and willing. " Let the drum beat, his knapsack is swung."
We must pause here and reserve the generation of 1832-6, the
McGraws, Buhls, Baldwins, Batons, Sheleys, Farrands, Carpenters, a ad
all the other youngsters for our next, when like Othello, we " shall
speak of them as they are and nothing extenuate or* set down aught
in malice."
But in taking leave of our old by-gone friends, let us not forget to
48
378 BY-GONES OP DETROIT.
remark that not one of these men ever made a fraudulent failure, or
ever went into bankruptcy. They were humble men; but, thanks to-
God, they were all gentlemen.
No. XII.
BY-GONE MERCHANTS.
Once more time advances, and this is now May, 1836, and since our
last three of the most important and interesting years in the history
of Detroit and Michigan have intervened; and both have advanced
nearly a century in that seemingly short space of time. First and
foremost, the convention of 1835, to form a constitution for the State,
has sat and the constitution been adopted. The election of State
officers, members of the legislature, and county officers, under the new
State government, has been accomplished, and the entire machinery of
the State has been put in motion, although not yet admitted into the
Union, and all these newly elected officers are only waiting for the
event to become possessed of all the honors and emoluments of their
varied positions, while Senators Norvell and Lucius Lyon, and Bepre-
sentative Isaac E. Crary are dancing attendance on congress, asking
in vain that Michigan shall be permitted to take her seat as the
youngest, fairest and brightest of all the daughters of the Union.
Another important event is just now being felt all over the great
west, and in Detroit especially, for the removal of the deposits from
the United States Bank in 1833, and their division and distribution
among the state banks by the order of President Andrew Jackson,
and according to the creed and views of the great whig party, contrary
to the constitution and' laws of the United States, but Gen. Jackson ,
"by the Eternal!" has resolved to do it, and as he was the soul and
heart and head of the democratic party, they, to a man, not only
defended and justified it, but rejoiced over it.
The vast accumulation of deposits hitherto in one conservative
national bank, was distributed by Eoger B. Taney, then secretary of
the treasury, among the pet state banks, all of which were owned and
managed by democratic bankers, and they were encouraged and advised
to furnish facilities to their customers and clients; and the result was
that paper money became almost as cheap as wild flowers on the
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 379
prairies, and speculation of all kinds grew rife, especially in lands,
city lots, town plats, as since then in 1870-73, and prices of all kinds
advanced, even in wild lands, until prices that spring were as high in
Detroit as they are today, and property on Jefferson avenue and the
Cass farm was bought and sold by the foot front as high as now.
The property opposite the Michigan Exchange was built by Messrs.
Trowbridge, Farnsworth and Col. Whiting, and rents there and under
the Michigan Exchange itself, were much higher than on this very
day. Myriads of capitalists rushed from the East, bringing money
which they put into wild lands all over the State, in fabulous sums,
and Horace H. Comstock, Justin Burdick, and even Arthur Bronson,
the closest, most penurious rich man in New York, bought lands by
the thousands of acres; and even in old-fashioned, quiet Detroit, all the
light headed and enthusiastic young men became crazed by the fortunes
made by the purchase and sale of unimproved real estate here in one
twenty-four hours. The walls of the Michigan Exchange, the National
hotel, the American hotel, Uncle Ben's, and all the other hotels of
Detroit, were papered over with plats, maps and diagrams of new
cities, from Lewis Goddard's city of Brest, clear over to Port Sheldon
on the shores of Lake Michigan; and Col. Edward Brooks as auctioneer,
and Major Stillson his great rival, sold each day towns, cities and lands
in which, like the "eye- water" of Col. Sellers, there were "millions
in it." And Stillson himself laid out a town on Lake Huron, called
White Bock, mapped it beautifully, and sold at auction a whole
village where a seventy-four gun ship could ride at anchor over the
chimneys of the hypothetical houses.
Men bought real estate and did go it blind as the sporting men
play poker. This real estate mania is exhibited in this most extraordinary
statement of the value of land sold at the land offices in Detroit alone:
In 1833, $214,389.77; amount sold in 1836, $1,845,207.16; making only
in three years this difference, $1,630,817.39. While the other land
offices at Monroe and Kalamazoo were equal in their increase, and
Thomas C. Sheldon, receiver of public lands at the latter place, and
Dan Waters at Monroe, used to bring their money to Detroit to
deposit in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan in great
bags, as they do wool now, sometimes counting up to nearly half a
million of dollars. Everything seemingly was on the mountain wave
of success, as in 1870-3, and one had only to obtain the refusal of a
piece of land on Jefferson avenue and tu find a purchaser, who was
always at hand, to become rich in a single summer.
So wild and wayward did these purchasers become that between May,
380 BY-GONES OF DETROIT.
1834 and May, 1836, even the writer, a young, curly haired enthusiast,
had made and had in the bank $17,000 on the purchase and sale of
lots in Detroit, when in no single case had the deeds been made to
him. But he had secured the refusal at a certain price, then sold it
at an advance and pocketed the difference. Of course all silly fellows'
heads were turned and the old "by-gone" felt that he was a second
Nicholas Biddle, and that in a short time his estates in Detroit would
equal the Astors of New York. So he used to fancy that he would
build and endow a university, found a hospital, or perform some other
equally benevolent feat.
Nearly everybody became wild and extravagant on the strength of
fancied wealth; at the hotels champagne took the place of water, and
bottles popped and cracked like pistols in California. Horace H.
Comstock and other real estate millionaires drove $10,000 spans of
horses, and small brick buildings on Fort street were sold at higher
prices than the same property would bring today. While the sale by
Gen. Cass in July of this year, 1836, of his farm lots on ten years'
credit, brought prices as high as they would have done on the last fourth
of July. As an evidence of the prevailing madness, let it be stated
that in July, 1836, a company composed .of Walter L. Newberry,
Morgan L. Martin, George B. Martin, John A. Wells, Wm. H.
Townsend and George 0. Bates, was formed to buy the Beeder farm
at Springwells, for $150,000, to lay out a city there, as a rival of Detroit,
make a grand shipyard there, and to make fortunes for all these young
nobs, but that same old Eeeder title, still in the courts, prevented a
consummation of that grand financial scheme.
But while the streets were full, and the hotels full, and the land
offices were full of such financial sellers, the young merchants of
Detroit of that day, with here and there an exception, were level-headed
and being possessed of sterling principles, sound judgments, discrimi-
nating minds, they foresaw the future bankruptcy and explosion, of all
this speculative folly, and so they avoided it, as a tidy man would pitch
his tent and quietly settle down to their legitimate business; working
hard, living economically, eschewing all extravagance and prodigality,
turning neither to the right or the left, always paying as they moved
on, until Detroit today presents to the world a band of successful mer-
chants and wealthy business men which has no equal either in Buffalo,
Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, Milwaukee or any other city in the United
States. Is this exaggeration or is it reality? Is it fancy or is it fact?
Mark you now we confine ourselves to the young business men of 1832-6,
now gray haired, staid old millionaires of sixty-two to seventy years,
BY-GONES OF DETROIT. 381
men who have, one and all achieved success, not merely in the acqui-
sition of wealth, but also in everything else that they have ever under-
taken to accomplish. We need not stop, today, to demonstrate the
practical philosophy of the remark that " nothing succeeds so well as
success," and that in this boasted land of liberty, where all are on a foot,
of equality in the beginning, while estates are not entailed and cannot be
tied up beyond three lives, "the only standard of man's capacity is what
he finally accomplishes here during his life." We all stand equal in
the race, and none but the wisest, the most industrious, the most hon-
est and temperate win in the end. In casting your eyes today over the
wealthy, successful and really great men of this nation, you will find
ninety-nine out of every hundred of them " self made men " like your
Detroit merchants, while here and there the son of some wealthy or
exalted family, like the Adams, the Winthrops, the Cushings of New
England, the Astors and Vanderbilts of New York, may take up the
lines and business of their fathers and carry them on successfully.
Emerging now from the basement of the old Bank of Michigan, four
doors east of King's corner, where the office of Cole & Porter was, and
had been for years, and turning toward the Michigan Exchange, the
first mercantile house of importance in 1834 was that of
Z. CHANDLER.
Mr. Chandler was then just of age, was very tall, as now, and had come
from New Hampshire to begin the journey of life. Of course he
brought with him energy, life, industry, and a thorough training in
the New England school of business and morals, and also a small pat-
rimony, which was subsequently increased by the death of his brother,
who died young of consumption. No man e